• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wearing sweat suit on sweating rate during jogging. 4 healthy female students served as subjects in the experimental chamber which was controlled 22$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 60$\pm$10%RH and no wind. The experimental clothes were Sweat Suit (SS) and General Suit (GE), SS was the product of R sports wear company which was consisted of long-sleeved jumper (100% polyester) and full length trousers (100% polyester) and GE were consisted of long sleeved shirt (100% cotton) and full length trousers (100% cotton). The subject wore same socks and shoes in both experimental clothes SS and GE. The subject reported at the experimental chamber at the same time on each experimental day. exchanged their clothes to the experimental clothes SS or GE, wore all sensors for the physiological measurements and had a rest in a sitting posture about 40 minutes. After rest, the subject carried out 30 min jogging on the tread mill with the speed 3.6miles/hour and during the jogging rectal temperature, skin temperatures (7 sites of the skin surface), heart rate, VO2, and evaporative weight loss were measured continuously and compared between two experimental clothes SS and GE. The major findings were as follows : The increase in rectal temperature during 30 min jogging was higher in experimental clothes SS than in GE and mean slim temperature kept higher in SS than in GE. VO2 and heart rate were a little bit higher in the later period of jogging in SS than in GE. The evaporative weight loss was greater in SS than in GE. These results indicate that the thermophysiological responses and sweating rate differs according to the wearing suit even though the subject performed same exercise.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2024

Purpose: Construction sites are currently facing a socialization problem as the incidence of thermal disease-related disasters increases due to summer heat waves, exacerbated by factors like the concentration of middle-aged and older workers and global warming. The reason why construction sites are particularly vulnerable to heat waves is that there are many outdoor work, which is the peculiarity of the construction industry, and most of the construction workers are elderly. This study analyzes disaster statistics of workers at construction sites for five years to investigate the occurrence of thermal diseases and analyze factors through disaster cases to provide basic data for future disasters to be reduced. Research design, data, and methodology: According to the Construction Workers' Mutual Aid Association, as of June, more than 60% of the construction workers working in the field were in their 50s and 60s. More than 24% are in their 60s and older. Thermal diseases caused by heat waves occur when exposed to high heat or strong sunlight for a long time, accompanied by headaches and dizziness. The problem is that many elderly people have underlying diseases, so if they lose consciousness, they cannot easily recover and are likely to die. Results: According to industrial accident statistics, 182 people were injured by heat-related diseases in the summer from 2016 to 2021, of which 29 died. In particular, in the construction industry, which has a lot of outdoor work, 87 people were injured and 20 people died. Conclusions: In order to prevent heat diseases caused by outdoor work, it is emphasized that exposure time is controlled, and sufficient rest and hydration are essential. Rest, water, and shade are in line with the three principles.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.592-602
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• 2014

In the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), the stability of the gasifier has strong influences on the rest of the plant as it supplies the feed to the rest of the power generation system. In order to ensure a safe and stable operation of the entrained-flow gasifier and for protection of the gasifier wall from the high internal temperature, the solid slag layer thickness should be regulated tightly but its control is hampered by the lack of on-line measurement for it. In this study, a previously published dynamic simulation model of a Shell-type gasifier is reproduced and two different linear model predictive control strategies are simulated and compared for multivariable control of the entrained-flow gasifier. The first approach is to control a measured secondary variable as a surrogate to the unmeasured slag thickness. The control results of this approach depended strongly on the unmeasured disturbance type. In other words, the slag thickness could not be controlled tightly for a certain type of unmeasured disturbance. The second approach is to estimate the unmeasured slag thickness through the Kalman filter and to use the estimate to predict and control the slag thickness directly. Using the second approach, the slag thickness could be controlled well regardless of the type of unmeasured disturbances.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 1972

For the purpose to clarify the effects of nursing, intervention with comfort measures which promote rest, exercise and sleep on the patient′s rehabilitation, this study was carried out on 119 postoperative patients at St. Mary′s Hospital, the National Medical Center and Seoul Red Cross Hospital during the 9 months period from March 1971 to November 1971. In this study one experimental nursing approach was utilized; an emphasis on interpersonal techniques along with physical care-comfort measures. A daily evening care including support and instruction was given to facilitate interaction of nursing to the experimental group by the investigator. For the control group, routine hospital nursing care was performed. The nursing observation was followed for 4 days postoperatively and recorded in check list. The results of the findings were as follows. 1. 3.5% of control group and 32.3% of experimental group got out of bed within 24 hours postoperatively. 38.6% of control group got out of bed within 72 hours postoperatively where only 16.1% of the experimental group did (x$^2$= 19.865, p<0.005). Interaction in nursing is, in turn, significantly more effective than the usual routine care in improving rate of healing. 2. The irritations and tension that may interfere patient′s sleep and rest at night can be reduced to a minimum if nursing environment is better controlled with planned nursing care for individual patient. Various treatments which tend to give patient discomfort may preferably be performed before 6 p.m. if not absolutely indicated. 3. During 4 days of observation the patients without administration of sedatives and analgesics postoperatively were 25.9% in the experimental group where as 10.5% in the control group. The frequency of administration of sedatives and analgesics in average was 1.4 in the experimental group, and 2.0 in the control group. This indicates that not all postoperative discomforts expressed by the patients should be regarded as incision pain, and those discomforts could be relieved to a certain extent by nursing interventions effectively. 4. There were significant differences between the responses to nursing care given in the experimental group and 33% of the control group in average through 4 days of observation responded "good". 3.6% of the experimental group and 17. 1% of the control group responded "poor" in this study. It was recommended that the study be replicated in a more defined and controlled manner. Some alternative areas for investigation were suggested.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 2013

This paper was developed a monitoring and control system to use reactive power control algorithm. This algorithm could be improved voltage stability in power system. This method was controlled the voltage for stability improvement, effective usage of reactive power, and the increase of the power quality. PMS(Power Management System) has been calculate voltage sensitivity, and control reactive power compensation device. The voltage control was used to the FACTS, MSC/MSR(Mechanically Switched Capacitors/Reactors), and tap of transformer in power system. The reactive power devices in power system were control by voltage sensitivity ranking of each bus. Also, to secure momentary reactive power, it had been controlled as the rest of reactive power in the each bus. In here, reactive power has been MSC/MSR. The simulation result, First control was voltage control as fast response control of FACTS. Second control was voltage control through the necessary reactive power calculation as slow response control of MSR/MSR. Third control was secured momentary reactive reserve power. This control was method by cooperative control between FACTS and MSR/MSC. Therefore, the proposed algorithm was had been secured the suitable reactive reserve power in power system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2011

Objectives : Recent well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and their meta-analysis have been published on the efficacy of acupuncture in different condition. In most of them, real acupuncture is compared with sham acupuncture including invasive and non-invasive sham methods. But it is not clear how active sham methods are. These results tend to lead the conclusion that acupuncture has no more effective than sham acupuncture. In order to investigate that sham acupuncture is appropriate as a control, we reviewed several acupuncture trials using different sham acupuncture as a control. Methods : We searched Cochrane researches of acupuncture, reviewed and analyzed 25 RCTs in 42 Cochrane reviews. And especially we compared the effect of acupuncture according to the type of sham acupuncture. Results : Invasive sham acupunctures are used in 12 RCTs and non-invasive types are used in the rest. The majority of studies(19 RCTs) fail to show effects beyond a sham acupuncture. Streitberger's sham needle is a validated sham acupuncture of non-invasive type that was used in 8 trials and also no significant group differences are shown except one trial. Conclusions : Acupuncture is a complex intervention. Clinical trials of acupuncture need to be reexamined and redesigned to remove several bias. Especially, sham acupuncture as a control might be investigated for physiological effects as well as validation test including patient-blinding and de qi sensation. Other research need to be investigated and developed for acupuncture trials.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

Purpose: This study reviewed articles to identify the optimal rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals application method for improving balance. Methods: The Cochrane, EBSCO, eArticle, Embase, DBpia, KISS, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, SAGE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, and Wiley databases were used to search articles from 1990 to January 2017. The search terms included: "rhythmic stabilization" and "stabilizing reversals." Only experimental human studies (randomized controlled trials) that compared the effects of varying the optimal application of rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals to improve balance were included in the review. Non-English language (except Korean) and unpublished studies were excluded. Results: During the research, 1,098 articles were initially identified. Of these articles, nine were randomized controlled trials. Of these nine articles, five were in English, and four were in Korean. In addition, three of the trials did not measure the patients' balance, two did not report the intensity and location of the resistance, and three performed the rhythmic stabilization incorrectly. Only one article met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining study evaluated the participants' performance of the alternating trunk flexor and extensor isometric contraction of the scapulae using the optimal resistance for 10 seconds in a sitting position. The participants completed three sets of eight repetitions with rest intervals of 30 seconds between the repetitions and 60 seconds between the sets. Conclusion: Due to the lack of the scientific research on the topic, this review may not provide the evidence needed to support the optimal application of rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals to improve balance. Future research should consider the methodological quality to identify the proper rhythmic standardization and stabilizing reversals application method.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.166-171
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to compare the postoperative analgesic effect of morphine and meperidine, employing intravenous patient controlled analgesia after cesarean section. Among fifty nine parturients undergoing cesarean section with general anesthesia, 32 were administered morphine designated as 'morphine group', and 27 parturient administered meperidine as 'meperidine' group, during 48 hours after commencement of PCA. Doses administered, based on potency for this setting, were equivalent to 1 mg morphine or 10 mg meperidine. Loading dose was administered when parturient first complained of pain after cesarean section. This was followed with bolus dose, 1 mg for morphine group and 10 mg for meperidine group, with a lockout interval of 8 minutes between doses wherever parturient requested additional analgesia. Visual analog scale(VAS) pain scores during rest were significantly lower at only 1 and 2 hour for the meperidine group, than morphine group. Loading dose and cumulative dose at 1, 2 and 3 hours were significantly lower for meperidine group than the morphine group. There were no significant difference in total dose and hourly dose for 48 hours and cumulative dose at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours between both groups. More than 90% of the parturients from both groups were satisfied with the analgesic effects of pain relief. Morphine group experienced side effects such as: pruritus, sedation and dizziness. Meperidine group had sedation, dizziness, nausea and local irritation. Neither group required any specific treatment for any of the above side effects. We conclude that meperidine had greater analgesic effect at early stage of post-operative period.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 1997

Background: Ketorolac($Tarasyn^{(R)}$) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) which has shown to be an effective postoperative analgesic available parenterally, and when combined with morphine can reduce its requirement. The analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of continuous infusion of ketorolac added to morphine IV PCA was evaluated in 60 women after abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: Patients were assigned to receive either morphine intravenous(IV) bolus followed by morphine IV patient controlled analgesia(PCA), or ketorolac 30mg IV and continuous IV infusion at 4.0mg/hr in combination with the above regimen. The authors evaluated PCA morphine used, pain assessment(verbal pain intensity score and visual analogue scale) and side effects at 2, 4, 6 and 24hrs during pain control. Results: Continuous infusion of ketorolac decreased the PCA morphine usage significantly(30.4 ---> 19.6 mg : p=0.007) at 24hrs postoperatively. Significant differences were seen favoring ketorolac infusion in pain intensity and visual analogue scale both at rest and during movement. There were no differences in incidences of deep sedation, nausea & vomiting. But the ketorolac group they complained of dizziness more than morphine only group. Little pruritus was recorded in either groups. Conclusions: The authors conclude continuous IV infusion of ketorolac in conjunction with morphine PCA provide effective analgesia after low abdominal surgery.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.299-308
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chuna therapy for Sciatica. We searched the following 16 online databases without a language restriction (Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, Ovid, Kmbase, RISS, NDSL, OASIS, KISS, KNAL, KTKP, DBpia, CNKI, Wangfang, J-stage) to find randomized controlled clinical trials that used Chuna therapy for Sciatica. The methodological quality of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and meta-analysis were performed. Among 496 articles that were searched, 15 RCTs were finally selected for systematic review. 14 studies showed that Chuna therapy has positive effect on sciatica. Two studies noted that there were side effects, and the difference between the intervention group and the control group was statistically insignificant. One study noted no side effects and the rest of the study, there was no mention of side effects. Meta-analysis showed positive results for Chuna single therapy in terms of efficiency rate compared to painkiller, herb medicine excepting acupuncture. When comparing Chuna therapy plus acupuncture and acupuncture, Chuna therapy plus acupuncture had a more positive result than acupuncture in terms of efficiency rate. Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB)evaluation method, most of the studies's selection, performance, detection and reporting bias were unclear. The studies showed that Chuna therapy can significantly effective on sciatica. However, most of the studies's Risk of Bias included in the analysis were not low enough. In the future, to prove the level of evidence of Chuna therapy, more high-quality studies will be needed.