• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2003

Most of broiler houses in Korea have the trouble of environmental control such as suitability, stability, and uniformity of internal climate, resulting in serious stress on chickens. Accordingly, it is very urgent to develop optimum designs of naturally and mechanically ventilated broiler houses for Korean climate. In this study, the internal climates such as air temperature, humidity, dust, ammonia gas, and air velocity were measured at a naturally ventilated broiler house. The data were collected during summer season including local weather data. It was found that the difference between measured and optimum air temperatures was $14.0^{\circ}C$ in maximum during the summer time. The daily maximum range of internal averaged air temperature was found $10.5^{\circ}C$ while the uniformity was $5.2^{\circ}C$ in maximum. The maximum, average, and minimum internal averaged relative humidity were 89.3%, 73.7%, and 49.2%, respectively while locally measured were 95.1% and 47.2%, respectively in maximum and minimum. Considering Temperature-humidity index, during summer season, over 97% of totally rearing period was shown that counter plan is needed for thermal stress while it was very dangerous situation for 22% of the rearing period. The ammonia gas and dust concentrations were seriously affected by the broilers activity, growth level, and relative humidity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1243-1252
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• 2009

We investigated a method to improve anticancer activities of Acer mono by ultra high pressure extraction process. The extract yields by ultra high pressure were 9.49% and 9.87% for 5 min and 15 min processing time, respectively, which were relatively higher than 3$\sim$4% of conventional extraction processes due to their resid bark structure. The extract for 15 minutes extraction (HPE15) showed higher potent scavenging effect as 94.56% than the control, BHA as 93.24%. On SOD-like test, HPE15 also showed the highest activity as 38.6% at 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The cytotoxicity of HPE15 on normal human lung and kidney cell were below 23.54% in adding 1.0 mg/mL. Generally, human cancer cell growth stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS), lung adenocarcinoma (A549), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and liver adenocarcinoma (Hep3B) were inhibited up to 75% with higher selectivity of above 4.0. High antioxidant activity of HPE15 resulted in high anticancer activity, and its activity was also due to higher yields of Acer mono by ultra high pressure extraction process. It was also proved by HPLC comparison analysis.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.349-355
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• 2008

Anticancer and immuno-modulatory activities of methanol extracts from different parts, bark, wood and leaf, of Cornus macrophylla Wall. were investigated in this study. All extracts at a concentration of 1.0mg/ml showed relativity low cytotoxicities on human normal kidney cell (HEK293) by approximately 25%. Bark extract of C. macrophylla showed the highest anticancer activity on human lung cancer cell line (A549) and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by 57.4% and 58.7%, respectively, at a concentration of 1.0mg/ml. All extracts enhanced the growth of human B and T cells, showing 38.7% and 65.9% increase compared to control, respectively, by 5 days incubation with bark extract. The secretions of interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) from human B and T cells were significantly increased by extracts, especially bark extract. B or T cell medium, which contains cytokines (IL 6 and TNF-$\alpha$) secreted by bark extract treatment for 5 days, time-dependently enhanced the growth of NK-92MI cells with the maximal effect at 5th day of incubation. These results suggest that C. macrophylla, especially bark, has the potential for anticancer and immuno-modulatory activities.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.33-44
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• 2009

Water curtain of an underground LPG storage cavern is a facility to prevent leakage of high pressure gases, for which groundwater should flow freely towards the cavern and groundwater level also must be stably maintained. In this study, in order to evaluate qualities of seepage water and surrounding groundwater of an underground LPG storage cavern in Yeosu, 4 rounds of samplings, field measurements and laboratory analyses (February, May, August, October of 2007) were conducted. According to field measurements, pH was weak acidic to neutral but it gradually increased with time. Electrical conductivity (EC) of groundwater near a salt stack showed very high values between 10.47 and 38.50 mS/cm. Dissolved oxygen (DO) showed a very wide range of 0.20~8.74 mg/L and a mean of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was 159 mV, which indicated an oxidized condition. Levels of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ were mostly less than 3 mg/L. All of seepage waters showed a Na-Cl type while only groundwater near the salt stack showed a Na-Cl type with a high total dissolved solid. The other groundwaters exhibited typical $Ca-HCO_3$ types. Levels of aerobic bacteria were mostly very high (573-39,520 CFU/mL). Based on the analyses of these hydrochemistry and biological characteristics, it is concluded that there are no particular problems in groundwater and seepage water, which not causing a trouble in the cavern operation. However, both for control of bio-clogging and for sustainable operation of the water curtain system, a regular hydrochemical and microbiological monitoring is required for the seepage water and surrounding groundwater.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.64-71
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• 2009

Excessive soil organic matter (SOM) is detrimental to turfgrass quality when used intensively in sand-based root zones, thereby affecting the sustainability of turfgrass systems. As part of a major project examining the sustainable management of SOM on golf greens, microbial decomposition on soil organic matter accumulation with depth was assessed and the effect of soil air-condition improvement and Ca fertilization was investigated by soil microbial respiration (SMR). Three soil samples from three depths(0~5, 5~10, and 10~15cm) of 5 year and 30 year old green were analyzed for SOM content. In 30 year old green, SMR and dehydrogenase activity(DHA) were analyzed to assess the soil microbial decomposition with depth. It was then divided into 4 plots: untreated as a control, dolomite-treated, 0~5cm deep section-removed, and 0~5 cm deep section-removed+dolomite-treated. After treatment, three soil samples were taken at 1, 2 and 4 weeks by the above-mentioned method, and analyzed for SMR to better understand SOM decomposition. SOM accumulation in the 0~5cm depth of golf greens can be controlled by intensive cultivation such as coring, but below 5cm is more difficult as the results showed that SOM content below 5cm increased over time. Soil microbial decomposition of organic matter will be necessary to reduce SOM accumulation, but SMR below 5cm was low and wasn't significantly altered by increasing exposure to air and fertilizing with Ca. As a result, aeration treatments such as coring and Ca fertilization might not be effective at improving soil microbial decomposition below 5cm depth in aged greens.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to optimize the freezing/thawing method of in vitro produced Hanwoo blastocysts. Day 7 blastocysts after IVF were vitrified using EFS40 (40% ethylene glycol, 18% ficoll, 0.3 M sucrose and 10% FBS added m-DPBS) as a freezing solution and electron microscope (EM) grid (V-G) or straw (V-S) as an embryo container. In both method, freezing/thawing were treated by 2-step, treatment time was required in V-G method and V-S method, for 2 min / 3 min and 3.5 min / 10 min, respectively. Embryo survival was assessed as re-expanded and hatched rates at 24 h and 48 h after warming, respectively. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: when the effect of exposure in vitrification solution and chilling injury from freezing procedure on in vitro produced expanded blastocysts were examined, at 24 h after warming, embryo survival in exposure group (100.0%) was not different compared to that in control group (100.0%), although those results were significantly different with two vitrified groups (V-G: 87.8, V-S: 77.8%) (P＜0.001). However, at 48 h after warming, hatched rates of V-G group (67.8%) were significantly higher than those of V-S group (53.3%) (P＜0.05). In addition, this hatched rate in V-G group was not different with that in exposure group (73.3%). When the effects of embryo developmental stage (early, expanded and early hatching blastocysts) and embryo container (EM grid and straw) to the in vitro survival of vitrified-warmed day 7 Hanwoo blastocysts were simultaneously examined, fast developed embryos were indicated the better resistance to freezing than delayed developed one, irrespective of embryo containers (early; 57.1 ＆ 24.4%, expanded; 84.7 ＆ 60.6%, early hatching; 91.7 ＆ 80.0%) (P＜0.001). Especially, in expanded and early hatching blastocysts, embryo survival of V-G group (67.8, 95.0%) was significantly higher than those of V-S group (53.0, 65.0%) at 48 h post warming, respectively (P＜0.05, P＜0.001). Therefore, this study indicates that Hanwoo blastocysts can be cryopreserved more simple, efficient and successful by vitrification method using EM grid.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

In this study, the distributions of internal climates such as air temperature, humidity, dust, ammonia gas, and air velocity were systematically measured at a mechanically ventilated broiler houses during summer season, with local weather data. The analysis was focused on the suitability, stability, and uniformity of internal climate, resulting in serious stress on chickens and decrease of productivity In the mechanically ventilated broiler house, the difference between measured and recommended air temperatures(suitability) was 10.4C in maximum during the summer time. The difference of air temperature in the house between day and night was $8.7^{\circ}C$ in maximum. And maximal hourly range of internal air temperature at 0.4m height from the floor was $3.7^{\circ}C$ suggesting it maintained thermal uniformity in the broiler house. The $NH_3$ and dust concentrations were pretty low because ventilation was fully performed. The air speed at chicken location was measured 2.2m/s and 1.7m/s, respectively without and with chicken existence.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.712-718
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• 2002

Purpose : Infantile colic is one of the most commonly encountered problems, characterized by excessive crying in apparently healthy young infants within the first 3 months of life. It is commonly assumed that the infant with colic has distress and possible pain. In recent investigations, it has been found that sucrose has an analgesic effect in newborn infants. The purpose of this study is to examine if sugar solution as sucrose also has an analgesic effect on infant colic. Methods : This prospective randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study examined healthy term infants aged 4 to 12 weeks with colic. A total of 40 infants were randomly assigned into two groups who visited Daedong Hospital from June 1999 to June 2001. Each group received sugar solution or sterile water. All data from parental diaries and interviews were recorded and analysed blindly. Results : The daily crying time and the colic improvement score were significantly better in sugar solution group as compared with the control(P=0.019, 0.045). No significant differences were noted between groups regarding the number of night wakenings(P=0.173). Conclusion : We conclude that sugar solution has an analgesic effect on infantile colic.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

Purpose : In contrast with traditional time-cycled, pressure-limited ventilation, during volume-controlled ventilation, a nearly constant tidal volume is delivered with reducing volutrauma and the episodes of hypoxemia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of pressure-regulated, volume controlled ventilation (PRVC) to Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) in VLBW infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods : 34 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants who had RDS were randomized to receive either PRVC or SIMV with surfactant administration : PRVC group (n=14) and SIMV group (n=20). We compared peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), duration of mechanical ventilation, and complications associated with ventilation, respectively with medical records. Results : There were no statistical differences in clinical characteristics between the groups. After surfactant administration, PIP was significantly lower during PRVC ventilation for 48hrs and accumulatevive value of decreased PIP was higher during PRVC ventilation for 24hrs (P<0.05). Duration of ventilation and incidence of complications was no significant difference. Conclusion : PRVC is the mode in which the smallest level of PIP required to deliver the preset tidal volume in VLBW infants with RDS, adaptively responding to compliance change in lung after surfactant replacement.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2004

The study begin with a basic concept, if the occupancy length of vehicle detector is directly proportional to the delay of vehicle. That is, it analogize vehicle's delay of a occupancy time. The results of a study was far superior in the estimation of a queue length. It is a very good points the operator is not necessary to optimize s1, s2, Thdoc. Thdoc(critical congestion degree) replaced 0.7 with 0.2 - 0.3. But, if vehicles have been experience in delay was not occupy vehicle detector, the study is in existence some problems. In conclusion, it is necessary that stretch queue detector or install paired queue detector. Also I want to be made steady progress a following study relation to this study, because it is required traffic signal control on congestion.