• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2017

The present study investigates the effect of Accentual Phrase on F0 using a subset of large-scale corpus of Seoul Korean. Four syllable words which were neither preceded nor followed by silent pauses were presumed to be canonical exemplars of Accentual Phrases in Korean. These four syllable words were extracted from female speakers' speech samples. Growth curve analyses, combination of regression and polynomial curve fitting, were applied to the four syllable words. Four syllable words were divided into four groups depending on the categorical status of the initial segment: voiceless obstruents, voiced obstruents, sonorants, and vowels. Results of growth curve analyses indicate that initial segment types have an effect on the F0 (in semitone) in the nucleus of the initial syllable, and the cubic polynomial term revealed that some of the medial low tones in the 4 syllable words may be guided by the principle of contrast maximization, while others may be governed by the principle of ease of articulation.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1996

Generally, the size of our recreation sites is selected through use demand at the peak day. At same time, scale economic and diseconomic are applied to a recreation site. If you are a rational decision-maker, you would like to select the size of your park at profit-maximization point. This study is the first try for modelling a Gain-Loss by the size options of a theme park. For testing the validity of a financial model to select the size of theme parks. Ever-Land, Seoul-Land, Dream-Land's operating size was analyzed. By the size options, the revenue of each park was compared with cost. The profit-maximization point and break-even point of each park were found. Ever-Land and Dream-Land's size was selected between the profit-maximization point and the break-even point. In contrast with Ever-Land and Dream-Land's, Seoul-Land's was selected upper the break-even point. To increase the utility of this model in selecting the size of a theme park, a decision-maker must keep in mind a few limits of this study. That is, 1) this model can not be applied at public parks. 2) Sometimes the others can be more important than financial revenue and cost. Finally, there is the validity of Gain-Loss Model in estimating only the financial revenues and costs through the size options.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.608-617
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• 2017

영역 분리에 의한 명암대비 방법들이 제안되어 왔지만 영상의 히스토그램에 따라 과포화 되는 부작용이나 밝기 값 보존과 명암대비 효과의 상반 관계에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 본 논문은 다양한 히스토그램에서도 명암 대비가 개선 되도록 영역 분리 시 각 서브 영역이 가우시안 분포를 갖도록 분리하고 영역별 평활화하는 명암 대비 방법을 제안 한다. 영역 분리는 $L^*a^*b^*$ 컬러 공간에서 K-평균 방법과 기대-최대 방법에 의해 영역맵과 확률맵을 생성하며 영역별 히스토그램 평활화 방법은 영역간 히스토그램 중복 최소를 위해 평균값 이동과 영역 분리에서 생성된 확률맵을 변환 함수에 활용함으로써 영역별 밝기값을 보존 하였다. 실험은 기존의 명암 대비 방법들과 평균 밝기 차이와 평균 엔트로피 값을 이용하여 밝기 변화가 적고 영상의 세부 정보가 표현됨에 의한 명암대비 개선을 보인다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

현재 분해능 향상을 위한 프로그램인 Wide beam reconstruction (WBR: UltraSPECT, Israel) 을 사용하고 있다. WBR에 속해있는 Xact-Bone은 Planar영상과 Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 영상의 분해능과 대조도를 향상시켜 상당한 영상의 질 향상에 도움을 준다고 보고 되어있다. 본 연구는 Xact-Bone의 임상적용에 대한 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. Xact-Bone에서의 유용성 평가는 분해능 평가와 Contrast Ratio를 비교분석하였다. Planar영상에서의 분해능 평가는 capillary tube를 이용하여 Full width at half maximum (FWHM)을 구하였고, Contrast Ratio분석은 2010년 1월부터 2010년 10월까지 bone scan 검사를 위해 본원에 내원한 50명의 환자 Xact-Bone의 사용 전 후 영상에서 Bone and Soft tissue (B/S) ratio 값을 비교 평가하였다. SPECT영상에서의 분해능 평가는 Triple Line Source Phantom을 이용하여 FWHM을 구하였고, Contrast Ratio 비교 분석은 NEMA IEC Body Phantom과 Standard Jaszczak Phantom을 이용하여 획득한 영상을 각각 Filtered backprojection (FBP), Orderd subset expectation maximization (OSEM), Xact-Bone으로 재구성하여 비교하였다. Planar영상에서의 유용성 평가는 capillary tube를 이용한 실험결과, FWHM은 기존의 Planar영상보다 WBR의 Xact-Bone 프로그램을 이용한 재구성 영상에서 약 20% 향상되었으며, B/S ratio값도 약 15% 향상되었다. SPECT영상의 유용성 평가는 Triple line Source Phantom을 이용한 실험결과, FWHM은 Xact-Bone이 FBP, OSEM 기법보다 각각 20%, 10% 향상되었다. 또한 NEMA IEC body Phantom을 이용한 Contrast Ratio 비교분석결과 각각 20%, 10% 향상되었고, Standard Jaszczak Phantom을 이용한 Contrast Ratio 비교분석 결과는 각각 90%, 50% 향상되었다. WBR의 Xact-bone 프로그램을 이용한 Planar 영상에서는 사용하지 않은 경우와 비교하였을 경우 상당한 영상의 분해능과 Contrast Ratio가 향상됨을 알 수 있었고, SPECT영상에서 기존의 FBP, OSEM 영상재구성 방법보다 분해능, Contrast Ratio가 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 이에 WBR의 Xact-Bone을 이용함으로써 영상의 질적 향상이 기대되는 바이다. 하지만, 새로운 소프트웨어 도입시 병원의 특성에 맞는 protocol 과 임상적용이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.240-242
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• 2007

The goal of this paper is to investigate effects of three prosodic factors, such as phrasal accent (accented vs. unaccented), prosodic boundary (IP-initial vs. IP-medial) and coda voicing (e.g., bed vs. bet), on acoustic realization of English vowels (/i, $_I/$, $/{\varepsilon}$, ${\ae}/$) as produced by native (Canadian) and nonnative (Korean) speakers. The speech corpus included 16 minimal pairs (e.g., bet-bat, bet-bed) embedded in a sentence. Results show that phonological contrast between vowels are maximized when they were accented, though the contrast maximization pattern was not the same between the English and Korean speakers. However, domain-initial position do not affect the phonetic manifestation of vowels. Results also show that phonological contrast due to coda voicing is maximized only when the vowels are accented. These results propose that the phonetic realization of vowels is affected by phrasal accent only, and not by the location within prosodic position.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 한 장의 영상에서 안개를 제거하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 Dark Channel Prior(DCP) 알고리즘은 영상의 어두운 정보를 계산하여 전달량을 추정한 후, 매팅(matting) 기법을 사용하여 안개 영역을 보완하여 검출한다. 이 과정에서 블록현상이 발생하는 문제가 있으며 이로 인해 안개를 효율적으로 제거하는데 한계점이 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 Hidden Markov Random Field(HMRF) 와 Expectation-Maximization(EM) 알고리즘을 이용하여 매팅 과정에서 발생하는 블록문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 실험 결과를 통하여 제안한 방법은 기존 방법보다 안개제거에서 더 향상된 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.556-561
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• 2011

In this study, the theoretical maximum power of a heat engine was investigated by sequential Carnot cycle model, for a low-grade heat source of about $100^{\circ}C$. In contrast to conventional approaches, the pattern search algorithm was employed to optimize the two design variables to maximize power. Variations of the maximum power and the optimum values of design variables were investigated for a wide range of UA(overall heat transfer conductance) change. The results show that maximizing heat source utilization does not always maximize power.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2018

This paper presents a novel channel capacity maximization method for a distorted $2{\times}2$ line-of-sight (LOS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) link. A LOS MIMO link may be distorted by the influence of environmental factors such that the channel capacity of the LOS MIMO link may be degraded. By using the proposed method, the channel capacity of a distorted $2{\times}2$ LOS MIMO link can be the same as that of the ideal $2{\times}2$ LOS MIMO link. The proposed method employs an additional receiver antenna to maximize the channel capacity. In contrast to a $3{\times}2$ LOS MIMO link, a receiver circuit for a third receiving antenna is not necessary. Hence, the receiver for the proposed method is much simpler than that for a $3{\times}2$ LOS MIMO link. We determine the optimal position of the additional receiver antenna analytically. Simulation results show that the channel capacity can approach the ideal using the proposed method.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2004

A simple and effective filtering method to control the member size of an optimized structure is proposed for topology optimization. In the present approach, the original objective sensitivities are replaced with their relative values evaluated within a filtering area. By adjusting the size of the filtering area, the member size of an optimized structure or the level of its topological complexity can be controlled even within a given finite element mesh. In contrast to the checkerboard-free filter, the present filter focuses on high-frequency components of the sensitivities. Since the present filtering method does not add a penalty term to the objective function nor require additional constraints, it is not only efficient but also simple to implement. Mean compliance minimization and eigenfrequency maximization problems are considered to verify the effectiveness of the present approach.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2006년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.1 (B)
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• pp.151-153
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• 2006

we present a method of sequential speech enhancement, where we infer clean speech signal using a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF), given a noise-contaminated observed signal. In contrast to Kalman filtering-based methods, we consider a non-Gaussian speech generative model that is based on the generalized auto-regressive (GAR) model. Model parameters are learned by a sequential Newton-Raphson expectation maximization (SNEM), incorporating the RBPF. Empirical comparison to Kalman filter, confirms the high performance of the proposed method.