• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1267-1268
• /
• 2013

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 X선 진단장치의 고압정류방식이 그리드 성능을 측정하는 선택도(selectivity)와 대조도 향상능력(contrast improvement ability : K factor)에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 산란선 함유율을 측정하였다. 정류방식이 서로 다른 X선발생장치를 대상으로 각 장치의 관전압과, 관전류량을 측정하여 출력선량의 정확도를 측정 및 교정한 후 각 장치별 노출조건을 동일하게 설정하고 형광량계를 이용하여 아크릴을 투과한 X선의 산란선 함유율을 측정하였다. Grid 미사용 시 피사체를 투과한 X선의 산란선 함유율 측정 결과는 단상정류방식장치에서 가장 낮은 함유율(34.158%)이 측정되었고, 인버터 정류방식(37.043%)과 삼상24피크 정류방식(37.447%)은 산란선 함유율이 증가하였다. 각 장치들의 산란선 함유율 차이는 최저 0.404%에서 최고 3.289%의 차이를 보였다. 8:1 Gird 사용 시 피사체를 투과한 X선의 산란선 함유율을 측정한 결과는 단상정류방식장치에서 가장 낮은 함유율(18.258%)로 측정되었고, 인버터정류방식(25.502%)과 삼상24피크정류방식에서 산란선 함유율(24.217%)이 증가하였다. 그리드 선택도에 따라 단상정류방식과 정전압(인버터와 삼상24피크)정류방식에서 산란선함유율의 차이는 최저 1.285%에서 최고 7.244%의 차이를 보였다. 통계분석 결과 단상정류방식 및 정전압정류방식에서 대조도 향상계수(K factor)에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 그리드 선택도와 대조도 향상계수는 정전압정류방식보다는 단상전파방식에서 모두 증가하여 그리드의 사용으로 선택도 향상과 대조도의 개선효과가 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2024

In Recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the global incidence of breast cancer, with approximately 2.3 million cases of female breast cancer reported worldwide in 2020. Numerous studies are currently underway to enhance the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis through the development of digital mammography detectors. This study aims to create Monte Carlo simulation-based mammographic anti-scatter grids and investigate their utility in evaluating the performance of digital mammography detector. Two types of mammographic anti-scatter grids, MAM-CP and Senographe 600T HF, were created using Monte Carlo simulation software (MCNPX 2.7.0), with grid ratios of 3.7 : 1 and 5 : 1, respectively. The grid physical characteristics (sensitivity, exposure factor, contrast improvement ratio) were calculated based on the KS C IEC60627 in the simulations using two X-ray qualities, RQA-M2 (28 kVp) and MW4 (35 kVp). As the X-ray tube voltage increased from 28 kVp to 35 kVp, sensitivity and exposure factor exhibited a decreasing trend, while contrast improvement ratio demonstrated an increasing trend. With an increase in grid ratio from 3.7 : 1 to 5 : 1, all physical characteristics showed an upward trend. Our results were consistent with a previous study that conducted measurements of physical properties using a real phantom. However, the pattern of change in the contrast improvement ratio with X-ray tube voltage differed from the previous study.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.163-175
• /
• 2011

The purposes of this study are to identify quality factors of knitwears, to find out important attributes of knitwears quality, and to find attributes of knitwears quality which improvement are required. College students in the Seoul district participated in the study, a convenience sampling method was used. A questionnaires was arranged with three separates subject sections, importance degree of knitwears quality, satisfaction degree of purchased knitwears, and demographic factors. Data from 280 questionnaires were used for the statistical analysis. For data analysis, factor analysis, paired-samples t-test and multiple response frequency were conducted. The results were as follows. Knitwears quality factors were classified into six subdivisions by factor analysis; physical functions, yarn and fabric properties, fit, symbol, aesthetic, and usefulness. Quality attributes in purchasing knitwears were considered importantly in order of design, textures, color, price, size, and shape stability, etc. Among quality attributes on knitwears, there were significant differences in importance degree and satisfaction degree; important degree was higher than satisfaction degree to six factors on knitwears quality. Especially, in graph according to gap analysis, physical function and symbol were included in IV area, attributes that attention, required of quality improvement. In contrast, yarn and fabric properties, fit, aesthetic, and usefulness were included in I area, strengths, maintained presently quality levels.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.293-301
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to introduce the limit of previously used six sigma quality process evaluation metrics, $Z_{st}$ and $P_{pk}$, and a solution to overcome this drawback by using a metric based on performance evaluation of Z-factor quality innovation. Case analysis on projects from national six sigma contest from 2011 to 2012 is performed and literature review on new drug development HTS (High Throughput Screening) is used to propose innovative performance evaluation metrics. This research shows that experimental study on six sigma evaluation metric, $Z_{st}$ and $P_{pk}$, have no significance difference between industrial type (Manufacturing, Semi-Public Institute, Public Institute) and CTQ type (Product Technology Type CTQ, Process Technology Type CTQ). Following discovery characterize this quality improvement as fixed target type project. As newly developed moving target type of quality innovation performance metric Z-Factor is used for evaluating experimental study, hypothetical analysis suggests that $Z_{st}$ and $P_{pk}$ share different relationship or even show reciprocal relationship. Constraints of the study are relatively small sample size of only 37 projects from past 2 years and conflict on having interview and communication with six sigma quality practitioner for qualitative experimental study. Both moving target type six sigma innovation project and fixed target type improvement project or quality circle enables efficient ways for a better understanding and quality practitioner use by applying quality innovation performance metric. Downside of fixed target type quality performance evaluation metric, $Z_{st}$ and $P_{pk}$, is presented through experimental study. In contrast, advantage of this study is that high throughput requiring product technology, process technology and quantum leap typed innovation effect is evaluated based on precision and accuracy and Z-Factor that enables relative comparison between enterprises is proposed and implemented.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 a-Se 기반 디지털 X-선 영상장치의 저대조도 특성을 평가하기 위하여 contrast-detail 곡선 해석을 수행하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 X-선 영상장치는 픽셀크기가 $139mm{\times}139mm$이고 유효면적이 $46.7cm{\times}46.7cm$인 a-Si TFT 기판 위에 500mm 두께의 광전도체가 코팅된 구조를 갖고 있다. Contrast-detail 곡선을 측정하기 위하여 우선 주어진 촬영조건(즉, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 kVp, and 16 mA.s)에서 상용 팬톰인 CDRAD 2.0을 사용하여 X-선 영상을 획득한 후, 그 영상으로부터 IQFinv 인자를 사용하여 그 특성을 최종 평가하였다. 평가된 IQFinv 값은 주어진 광 플루언스(즉, $1.8{\times}105$, $5.9{\times}105$, $11.3{\times}105$, $19.4{\times}105$, and $29.4{\times}105$ photons/$mm^2$)에서 각각 24.4, 35.3, 39.2, 41.5, 43.4으로 광 플루언스가 증가할수록 점진적으로 증가하였으며 이는 광 플루언스가 증가할수록 영상의 가독성이 향상됨을 나타낸다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권10호
• /
• pp.2328-2333
• /
• 2020

The filter technique was applied to noise images, as noise is the significant factor that cause poor image quality due to lower photon counting. The purpose of this study is to confirm that image quality can be improved using the median modified Wiener filter (MMWF) technique; this is achieved via a National Electrical Manufacturers Association International Electrotechnical Commission body phantom with four large spheres that are filled with the ^99mTc radioisotope when evaluating the image quality. Conventional filters such as Wiener, Gaussian, and median filters were designed, and signal to noise ratio, coefficient of variation, and contrast to noise ratio were used as the evaluation parameters. The improvement in the image quality was in the following order, from the least to the highest improvement, in all cases: Wiener filter, Gaussian filter, median filter, and the MMWF technique. The results show that the image quality was improved from 20.6 to 65.5%, 7.4-40.3%, and 12.7-44.7% for the SNR, COV, and CNR values, respectively, when using the MMWF technique, compared with the use of conventional filters. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the MMWF technique is useful for reducing the noise distribution in gamma camera images.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.150-156
• /
• 2010

Inter-comparison of chemical transport models (CTMs) was conducted among four modeling research groups. Model performance of the ensemble approach to $O_3$ and $PM_{2.5}$ simulation was evaluated by using observational data with a time resolution of 1 or 6 hours at four sites in the Kanto area, Japan, in summer 2007. All groups applied the Community Multiscale Air Quality model. The ensemble average of the four CTMs reproduced well the temporal variation of $O_3$ (r=0.65-0.85) and the daily maximum $O_3$ concentration within a factor of 1.3. By contrast, it underestimated $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations by a factor of 1.4-2, and did not reproduce the $PM_{2.5}$ temporal variation at two suburban sites (r=~0.2). The ensemble average improved the simulation of ${SO_4}^{2-}$, ${NO_3}^-$, and ${NH_4}^+$, whose production pathways are well known. In particular, the ensemble approach effectively simulated ${NO_3}^-$, despite the large variability among CTMs (up to a factor of 10). However, the ensemble average did not improve the simulation of organic aerosols (OAs), underestimating their concentrations by a factor of 5. The contribution of OAs to $PM_{2.5}$ (36-39%) was large, so improvement of the OA simulation model is essential to improve the $PM_{2.5}$ simulation.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제18권11호
• /
• pp.610-616
• /
• 2008

Oil-based nanofluids were prepared by dispersing Ag, graphite and carbon black nanoparticles in lubricating oil. Agglomerated nanoparticles were dispersed evenly with a high-speed bead mill and/or ultrasonic homogenizer, and the surfaces of the nanoparticles were modified simultaneously with several dispersants. Their tribological behaviors were evaluated with a pin-on-disk, disk-on-disk and four-ball EP and wear tester. It is obvious that the optimal combination of nanoparticles, surfactants and surface modification process is very important for the dispersity of nanofluids, and it eventually affects the tribological properties as a controlling factor. Results indicate that a relatively larger size and higher concentration of nanoparticles lead to better load-carrying capacity. In contrast, the use of a smaller size and lower concentration of particles is recommended for reducing the friction coefficient of lubricating oil. Moreover, nanofluids with mixed nanoparticles of Ag and graphite are more suitable for the improvement of load-carrying capacity and antiwear properties.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2015

Mean separated histogram equalization in order to preserve the original mean brightness has been proposed. To provide the minimum mean brightness error after the histogram modification, the input image's histogram is successively divided by the factor of 2 until the mean brightness error is satisfied the defined threshold. Then each divided group or sub-histogram will be independently equalized based on the proportional input mean. To provide the overall minimum mean brightness error, each group will be controlled by adding some certain pixels from the adjacent grey level of the next group for giving its mean near by the corresponding the divided mean. However, it still exists some little error which will be put into the next adjacent group. By successive dividing the original histogram, we found that the absolute mean brightness error is gradually decreased when the number of group is increased. Therefore, the error threshold is assigned in order to automatically dividing the original histogram for obtaining the desired absolute mean brightness error (AMBE). This process will be applied to the color image by treating each color independently.