• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2023

본 연구는 낙찰가율에 영향을 미치는 용역계약에 대한 요인을 나라장터의 사례를 중심으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구에서 발주기관과 입찰자가 광범위한 나라장터에서 낙찰가율에 영향을 주는 용역계약을 분석함으로써 기존 연구와의 차별성을 살펴보았다. 분석모형으로 낙찰가율 영향 요인으로 예산액, 계약 방법, 공고 일수, 낙찰 방법, 낙찰 하한률 등 5개의 독립변수를 활용하였다. 조사분석은 지난 18년간 나라장터 용역입찰건에 대한 데이터를 텍스트 마이닝을 이용하여 빅데이터를 수집하고 다차원적인 방법으로 데이터를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 예산액은 낙찰가율을 결정하지 않는다. 다만 소액의 경우에는 그러하지 아니하였다. 둘째, 계약 방법은 낙찰가율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 공고 일수가 길어질수록 낙찰가율이 감소하고 있다. 넷째, 낙찰 방법은 낙찰가율에 영향을 미치고 있다. 다섯째, 낙찰 하한률은 낙찰가율을 결정하고 있다. 본 연구는 낙찰가율에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 실증분석 결과를 토대로 정책적 시사점을 찾고자 하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제5권
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• pp.7-44
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• 1993

This study is focused on the review of buyer's remedy resulting from the breach of seller's duty in contracts for the international sale of goods focusing on UNCCIS, 1980 and the problems and suggestions of proper ideas for solving the problems. First problem on the buyer's remedy is related to the breach of seller's duty on del ivory of the contracted goods. When seller has failed to deliver the contracted goods to buyer within the stipulated periods, buyer can treat the contract as avoided and claim damages from seller. By the way, since UNCCIS does not provide any stipulation on the time of buyer's avoidance of the contract, buyer can delay the time of avoidance when the price of contracted goods is rising rapidly and enlarge the amount of damages, Since this stipulation is clearly unreasonable, proper solutions are required for UNCCIS. Second problem is related to the breach of seller's duty on deliver of goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packged in the manner required by the contract. When seller has failed to deliver goods which are confirm with the contract, buyer may have one of the two rights of damages and the price reduction according to UNCCIS provided that he does not choose the avoidance. But, since the character and position of the price reduction as a buyer's remedy are not sufficient solutions, more detailed review on this point is required. Third, Seller's duty to provide documents is very important for overseas trade, but UNCCIS does not provide any specific buyer's remedy in comparison with the other remedy and also does not provide any stipulation on the Letter of Credit which have important roles for a device of setting payment in overseas trade. This means that trade customs and practice have not sufficiently reflected in UNCCIS. As the problems mentioned above may decrease the evaluation of buyer's remedy in UNCCIS and, furthermore, that of UNCCIS itself, proper solutions on these points are needed.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.242-252
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to suggest a new efficiency measurement indicator for evaluating the menu management efficiency of decision making units(DMUs) in contract-foodservice operations and to determine the relationship between the DEA(data envelopment analysis) menu efficiency score and menu factors. The results of applying DEA revealed relatively efficient types of service and frequency of meals. The efficient service was shown as a self-service type that operates Monday to Saturday. The considered menu factors included meal price, food cost per meal, meal counts, number of menu items, use of favorite menu use, forecasting error, accuracy of ordering, ratio of inventory, ratio of food loss, use of processed foods and use of prepared vegetables are considered. There were significant correlations between the DEA score and meal price, meal counts, number of menu items, ratio of food loss, accuracy of ordering and use of processed foods respectively. According to the regression results, menu price had a positive influence on the DEA menu efficiency score, and food cost per meal and the use of prepared foods had negative influences respectively.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

Purpose - This research empirically proves that global shipbuilding industry leadership has moved to China from Korea. Design/Methodology - Competitiveness is measured by AHP for the weights of comprehensive competitiveness, which is the output mixture of three attributive factors: shipbuilding technology, shipbuilding contract price, and export credit. Findings - China is far ahead of Korea for standard vessels such as bulkers and containerships with competitiveness weights of 0.762 and 0.612, respectively, against 0.238 and 0.388 of Korea. Korea is maintaining its competitiveness only in LNG carriers (174k CBM) with a competitiveness weight 0.621. China and Korea have similar competitiveness for chemical carriers, complex vessels with a small hull size. The sources of Chinese competitiveness are shipbuilding contract price and export credit. With the majority share of standard vessel types in the world fleet, China will hold a bigger market share than Korea in the global shipbuilding industry in the forthcoming years. Implications - The swing factors of market power are shipbuilding technology and contract price. If China fails to further develop shipbuilding technology for shipowners worried about the reliability of the Chinese-built vessels, shipowners may swing back to Korea. The rising Chinese labor cost will expedite this swing in the forthcoming competition. Originality/value - To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first paper that quantitatively examines the competitiveness of shipbuilding between China and Korea by comparing attributive factors for competitiveness.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2006

In this paper, we define an interval-valued Choquet price functional which is a useful tool as the price of an insurance contract with ambiguity payoffs and investigate some characterizations of them. Moreover, we show that the insurance price with ambiguity payoffs has an interval-valued Choquet integral representation with respect to a capacity.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제51권
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• pp.187-210
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• 2011

International transactions have the threat of non-payment by the buyer or non-performance by the seller. Parties tend to search for additional means of securing performance and payment beyond the mere agreement in the contract. Such security may be achieved by means of a letter of credit. When contracting parties have agreed to pay by means of a letter of credit, the buyer's bank takes upon itself the obligation to pay the purchase price when the seller tenders the documents that are stipulated in the letter of credit. The documents must comply strictly with the terms of the credit.. The documents play a crucial role in letter of credit transaction. The principles of abstraction, separability and strict compliance governing the letter of credit transaction are considered. The concept of fundamental breach of Article 25 CISG was discussed. This article examines whether a failure to deliver documents conforming to the terms of the letter of credit can constitute a fundamental breach of the sales contract as defined by Article 25 of the CISG by the seller and thereby enable the buyer to avoid the contract. For letter of credit transactions it should be accepted that the delivery of non-performing documents constitutes a fundamental breach, if the result of this breach is that the bank refuses to pay the price for the goods. On the other hand, in the interpretation of Article 25 CISG, it should be noted that if the parties have agreed to payment by means of a letter of credit, they have simultaneously agreed to apply the strict compliance principle to the delivery of documents in the sales contract. Finally the parties should ensure that inconsistency between the requirements under the documentary credit and the requirements under the contract of sale is avoided, since the buyer may be in breach of his payment obligation if the seller cannot get paid under the documentary credit when his documents conform with the contract of sale.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.143-145
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• 2012

Overseas construction industry has performed the leading role in the economic development. In this study, effect of international oil prices, GDP and price index, on the regional international construction contract amount is compared and analyzed. Overseas construction market received a devastating effect due to the 1997's economic crisis. However, the market has remained stable since 1998, and since 2005, the trend has been a surge in new orders.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1980

On the Chicago Meracntile Exchange, individuals and firms buy and sell contracts for specified amounts of products that are to be delivered at a time period in the future at a price arrived at through openly competitive bidding. The transfer of ownership of these delivery promises takes place in a particular trading pit, for each commodity, on the floor of the Exchange. Trades are officially made by qualified members of the Exchange who act as brokers for their customers. For his services, the broker is paid a nominal round- turn commission fee by the customer. Although each commodity contract carefully describes the particular standards that product must meet in order to be a acceptable for delivery, actually fewer than three percent of the contracts traded are consummated by delivery. For the most part, contract obligations ions art offset, and thereby liquids. before the termination of the delivery month. The trader liquidates his position in the market after analyzing price trends, his timing, and his calculated price objectives. (omitted)

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.96-107
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• 2004

This paper deals with $\ulcorner$Requirement Decision Model for Repair Parts supplied by the Government$\lrcorner$ which is to reduce Aircraft Contract Maintenance Cost. It aims to find solutions to the fundamental problems of the Aircraft Contract Maintenance System. Under the current Aircraft Contract Maintenance System, it is hard to forecast the exact demand of repair parts, so support rate of Repair Parts supplied by the Government is restricted under 50 percent. It is inevitable to purchase Repair Parts from the firm with much higher price than those of Government source. However, absence of fixed demand pattern makes it difficult to improve accuracy of demand forecast. As a solution to these problems, this model prevents a cost increase due to the unit price difference between Repair Parts supplied by the Government and Repair Parts purchased by the Firm. It also reflects demand characteristics of each repair part, and prevents continual stock increase by setting an upper limit on the amount of Repair Parts supplied by the Government. The effectiveness of this model is verified by empirical analysis using the latest raw data. By applying this model to real situation, we expect to reduce about 4 billion won every year.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.555-577
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• 2020

This study analyzes the management performance and productivity of environmentfriendly farms compared to conventional farms and the trend of changes in price premium rates of environment-friendly agricultural products. And environmentfriendly farms in Jeollanam-do are surveyed for difficulties in management, proper premium rate of environment-friendly agricultural products (WTA), and tasks for promoting sales. According to the analysis results, the management performance and productivity of are low in many items, and the number of items that are on the decline or stagnant in the environment-friendly premium is making it difficult for farmers to manage. According to a farm survey, the most important task is to promote school meals for boosting sales of environment-friendly agricultural products. And 65.5% of the respondents having contract cultivation, nearly half or 41.1% of the respondents said they do not need contract cultivation or want contract cultivation for less than one year, which means that the current contract does not meet the needs of farmers. Finally, the environment-friendly premium rate based on consumer prices is generally lower than the premium rate (WTA) that farmers perceive as appropriate, so it is important to resolve the gap between the actual premium rate and the WTA.