• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

This study was conducted to characterize well-being menus and to examine the service frequency and profitability of those served in the contract-managed workplace foodservice. In-depth interviews were conducted with six persons who were in charge of menu management in the headquarters of six different foodservice management companies during March, 2007. In addition, 122 set menus consisting of 777 menu items, which were on one month menus served during January to April, 2007, were collected from three workplace operations managed by three different foodservice management companies. As a result of the in-depth interviews, four categories of well-being menu items were extracted: 'medicinal functional menu item', 'environmentally-friendly menu item', 'natural food menu item', and 'harmful components-limiting menu item'. Accordingly, a well-being menu item was defined as 'a menu item with increased nutrition value or decreased health risk by changing food material or cooking method'. When the menu items (n=777) were analyzed by applying the definition and categories, approximately 14% of the items were identified as well-being menu items and most of them were either medicinal functional (65%) or natural food menu items (33%). Approximately 59% of the 122 set menus included at least one well-being menu item, and therefore they were named the well-being set menus. These well-being set menus, however, were not significantly different from the rest set menus in terms of profitability as measured by the contribution margin. The results of this study could be useful for foodservice management companies to develop and plan well-being menus targeting workplace foodservice operations.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.135-172
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• 2004

While doing business in China foreign companies occasionally find themselves embroiled in disputes with Chinese individuals, companies or the Chinese Government. There are three primary ways to resolve a commercial dispute in China are negotiation, arbitration and litigation. The best way of dispute resolution is negotiation as it is the least expensive method and the working relationship of both parties concerned in dispute. But negotiations do not always give rise to resolution. Arbitration is the next choice. Unless the parties concerned can agree to resort to arbitration after the dispute has arisen, the underlying contract namely, sales contract or separate agreement must show that disputes will be resolved by arbitration. Agreements to arbitration specify arbitration body and governing law. There are two Chinese government -sponsored arbitration bodies for handling cases involving at least one foreign party: China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(CIETAC) and China Maritime Arbitration Commission(CMAC) for maritime disputes. Contracts regarding foreign companies doing business in China often designate CIETAC arbitration. CIETAC distinguishes between two kinds of dispute resolutions, foreign-related arbitration and domestic arbitration. For a dispute to be classified as foreign-related arbitration, one of the companies must be a foreign entity without a major production facility or investment in China. CIETAC has published rules which govern the selection of a panel if the contract does not specify how the choice of arbitration will be handled. CIETAC's list of arbitrators for foreign-related disputes, from which CIETAC's arbitrators must en chosen, includes may non-Chines arbitrators. But many foreign experts believe that some aspects of CIETAC needs to be improved. The purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of arbitration in China, CIETAC by way of studying the current situation and improvement of international commercial arbitration in China.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.103-110
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• 2009

A construction project consists of a variety of contracts for the completion of work. The large number of contracts involved in a single project increases the likelihood that disputes will arise between the parties involved regarding the terms of service. Actually, there are many disputes that are caused by a change 0 order. While such disputes should be settled by interpreting the terms stipulated in the agreement entered between the two parties, the process of dispute settlement is often restricted to arbitration and lawsuit, and as a result the parties tend to avoid it due to its inefficiency. For this reason, in Korea it is hard to find cases of interpreting terms of service, while in the U.S. it is easy to find diverse cases of interpreting terms of service, since there is a process of dispute settlement by each stage by the party who has placed an order. Therefore, this study presents analysis of case studies of contract changes, looking specifically at changes in the scope of the work, changes in quantity, changes in the period of implementation, changes in the method of implementation or attitude, changes in items provided by the government or the delivery place, and the acceptance of such change procedure by a contractor, and the adjustment of a reduction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.211-221
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• 2013

As the result of investigating domestic interior design (interior architecture) field-related laws, it was found that interior design (interior architecture) is not recognized as in independent area due to weak classification standards by Korean standard industrial classification and job classification. Korean standard industrial classification is applied as a standard setting limits to applicable targets and industrial fields for laws related to general administration and industrial policy other than various statistic purposes. Also, the standard industrial classifications regarding the industry field determines the laws or applicable tax rates, government support and such according to the classification, and thus is very important. Moreover, interior architecture field is largely different from general architecture due to specialization and distinct characteristics, but due to the comprehensive concept of architecture industry regulations, it is considered the proper assessment for the professionalism is not conducted. Also, interior architecture field has irrational contradictions that is not independent with a clear definition and industry field classification not only in legal system and trade customs. Therefore, The following is proposed as the plan to strengthen the domestic/international competitiveness and system improvements for interior architecture. (1)interior design (interior architecture) must be amended as an industrial classification that can coexist with architecture. (2)interior design (interior architecture) must be amended as a job classification that can coexist with architecture. (3)Among the design tasks of an architect, approval for the design task field of interior architecture field must be legislated. -In architect design standard contract (the existing architecture design task scope and quality standard table) of a structure, among the tasks by request of the owner, (1)interior design tasks shall be legislated. It should be legislated so that interior design (interior architecture) majors can be included as well. (4)The task field of interior design that coexists with design must be amended. (5)National contract law - among contract method by negotiation, specialty item must be vitalized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.527-530
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• 2007

The construction market has gradually become complexity, variety and specialization, and then owner's requirements about quality has become various. In order to solve the problem such as stated above, advanced constructions in France, United Kingdom, Japan and United States have introduced warranty contract which is warranted to quality and performance for need of owner in determined term to ensure the quality of construction since 1960s. In addition to, domestic constructions have been meeting with international competition because of the open BOT market from FTA. Finally, this study proposed new warranty delivery system model in PFI on considering domestic status by benchmarking the delivery process and the characteristics of the warranty contract which is applied to PFI of global.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.80-102
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper aims to articulate relationship about factors influencing FTA utilization by dividing them into company's external and internal factors and performing investigation on the relationship between FTA utilization and export performance. Design/methodology - This study verified factors influencing FTA utilization by dividing them into company's external and internal factors and performing investigation on the relationship between FTA utilization and export performance. Empirical analysis was performed by setting internal and external factors required for FTA utilization as variables. To achieve this, research model was established based on previous study, hypothesis was deduced, and statistical program were used to test the hypothesis. This study performed empirical analysis using statistical program of SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 for the research model. Findings - Empirical analysis was performed regarding the effect of the FTA utilization on export performance and previous study defined export performance as the company's increased economy benefits through export and increase in new transactions. Analysis was also performed for factors affecting the FTA utilization by the company and through management and response of external factors and internal factors it was confirmed that the FTA utilization by the company led to increase in the company's export performance as a result. This study proposes a method to achieve export performance based on this. Originality/value - Companies seeking to utilize the FTA sign the Contract for the International Sale of goods and there are many conditions to meet in order to receive trade preferences during the transaction process. Existing trade order and order in the FTA have to be followed. Country of origin can be seen as key in the FTA. The Rule of Origin becomes the most important evaluation standard in applying preferential tariff in the FTA. Such regulations can be seen as external factors which cannot be controlled by the company. Internal factors are capabilities owned before that can be controlled by the company. The study sought to test the variables regarding factors centered on such capability. This study verified factors influencing FTA utilization by dividing them into company's external and internal factors and performing investigation on the relationship between FTA utilization and export performance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.579-588
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• 2019

Industrial control systems consist of various physical devices such as sensors, actuators. Security Infringement such as waterworks facilities Remote Access Infringement and power control systems Infection have been occured by vulnerability of Access Control. Access control to physical devices must be fulfilled with a reliable system. However, Having a single access control system inside company can not guarantee reliability. In addition, when single access control is struggled with error or infringement, access control system is totally unavailable. so system requires a additional access control method or system. In this paper, we proposed access control mechanism for reliable and stable operation using blockchain and smart contract. Proposed Mechanism using trust score to consider resources to be consumed depending on each industrial environment in consideration of the industrial control system where availability is more important than integrity and confidentiality. Unlike other blockchain-based access control system, proposed system is designed for the currently operating industrial control system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

The restricted network or the unbalanced distribution of spectrum is causing the problems of lack of spectrum resources and deterioration of the service quality. In addition, the existing centralized radio sharing method has not been a fundamental solution for radio sharing and is inefficient in terms of cost, convenience, and security. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based spectrum sharing as a low-cost, trustworthy, high-efficiency platform that can distribute and share spectrum resources, and propose policies to realize this. In the spectrum sharing platform, spectrum information about Wi-Fi AP and LTE mobile hotspot is registered in the blockchain, and spectrum sharers and users can conclude peer-to-peer spectrum sharing contract quickly and efficiently through smart contract. The pay for the shared spectrum resources and reward for spectrum quality management open platform ecosystem to activate the circulation-sharing and it can provide a convenient and efficient public wireless infrastructure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.48-53
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• 2007

A project manager of construction project must analyze risks which might happen during the construction phase and prepare a restoration method against the risks in order to get the successful project's accomplishment. Insurance is a representative kind of risk transfer method and an institution which prevents damages of the insured. In spite of increasing the ratio of construction insurance policy in the construction industry, project managers have regarded the insurance as a formal action in the budget through insurance companies' guides. These aspects make them not be able to valuate the reasonableness of premium rate and the real amount of the risks. This thesis is to present an improved method of construction insurance contract. Firstly, the status of the current construction insurance system have been anlyzed and the problems have been deducted. Secondly the development direction against the problems is presented in the research. Lastly, the procedure model is proposed for acquiring the resonable premium rate of insurance.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.48-53
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• 2021

The authentication process is a key step that should be used to verify that a user is legitimate, and it should be used to verify that a user is a legitimate user and grant access only to that user. Recently, two-factor authentication and OTP schemes are used by most applications to add a layer of security to the login process and to address the vulnerability of using only one factor for authentication, but this method also allows access to user accounts without permission. This is a known security vulnerability. In this paper, we propose a Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) personal information authentication scheme based on a Smart Contract of a block chain that authenticates users with minimal personal information exposure conditions. This has the advantage of providing many security technologies to the authentication process based on blockchain technology, and that personal information authentication can be performed more safely than the existing authentication method.