• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.801-809
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• 2011

Objectives : The Purpose of this study is to apply an oral health education program to the high school students, to analyze their oral health knowledge and changes of behaviors, and to examine oral health education for effective, thus using all of those results as the basic data for developing materials on their oral health education. Methods : The study was conducted on the freshmen and women of M high student in Seoul City. They were in total 85 student, consisting of 77 of male student(90.6%) and 8 of female student(9.4%). Knowledge survey contained 38 questions including such as dental common knowledge, dental caries, and periodontal disease, while behaviors survey did 24 questions including such as tooth-brushing, brush selection and management, and prevention of oral disease. Results : First, oral health education had brought to improve oral health knowledge for high school students. Second, even with the improvement of oral health behaviors through the education, there was not statistically significant on behaviors such as the regular checkups and the usage of dental floss. And third, the students in general were satisfied with the oral health education. Conclusions : First, the oral health education being conducted in kindergarten and elementary school should be continued or expanded into the adolescence. Second, the oral health education should be focused efficiently on the learning objective demanding for a change of behavior through the repeated education, for which the education that is right for the high school students should be done. And third, for the effective oral health education in high school, the media that could cause interests should be developed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 1998

Nowadays light therapy is accepted practice in the treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder. The author reviewed the practical aspects of light therapy, latest treatment research on optimal parameters of light therapy and the mechanisms of action of light therapy. Therapeutic efficacy of light therapy using light visors & dawn simulators has been suggested but further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy. The treatment most strongly supported by research studies is light therapy using a light box to administer bright white light (2500 lux for 2 hours or 10000 lux for 30 minutes). Although some patients may be selective responders to morning light exposure, the optimal timing of light exposure still remains controversial. In practice, generally the duration of exposure can be increased or decreased as necessary and also the timing of exposure can be splitted (e.g. AM/PM usage) if optimal response is obtained. For most, a positive response of light therapy is usually noted within $4{\sim}5\;days$ and optimal response is obtained within 2 weeks. Generally the relapse of symptom occurs within days of discontinuation of light therapy, so to prevent relapse, light therapy should be continued throughout the winter season for typical seasonal affective disorder. Side effects of light therapy appear to be mild and well tolerated. Several theories for the mechanisms of action of light therapy at the basis of seasonal affective disorder had been suggested but remain still controversial. Further studies on the optimal parameters and the mechanisms of light therapy help us to better understand and treat not only seasonal affective disorders but also chronobiological disorders and nonseasonal affective disorders.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2003

The aim of this experiment was to study the calcium sulfate on early bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis in the canine mandible. Twelve dogs were used and divided into control group (group A, 4 heads), sodium hyaluronate injection group (group B, 4 heads), mixture of calcium sulfate and sodium hyaluronate injection group (group C, 4 heads). Each group were subdivided into 3 weeks testing group (totally 6 heads) and 5 weeks testing group (totally 6 heads). Mandibular distraction was started at the 5th day after the mandibular osteotomy and continued for 10 days by 1 mm a day. After the distraction on the 10th day of mandibular distraction, 0.5 m1 saline in group A, 0.5 m1 sodium hyaluronate in group B, and 0.5 ml mixture of calcium sulfate and sodium hyaluronate in group C were each injected in mandibular distraction lesion. And X-ray examination, bone mineral density, and histopathological findings were examined. The radiological findings were the most radiopaque in group C, and the most radiolucent in group A in both 3 and 5 week testing group. The level of bone mineral density was also the highest in group C, and the lowest in group C in both 3 and 5 week testing group. The histopathological findings of new bone formation were the most remarkable in group C in both 3 and 5 week testing group. New bone formation of group A was not present in both 3 and 5 week testing group. In conclusion, calcium sulfate is a kind of material that can stimulate early bone formation and can shorten the duration of bone consolidation. And it can be effective in clinical usage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2013

A novel bioactive molecule produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Bn1 (Bt-Bn1), isolated from a common pest of hazelnut, Balaninus nucum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was determined, purified, and characterized in this study. The Bt-Bn1 strain was investigated for antibacterial activity with an agar spot assay and well diffusion assay against B. cereus, B. weinhenstephenensis, L. monocytogenes, P. savastanoi, P. syringae, P. lemoignei, and many other B. thuringiensis strains. The production of bioactive molecule was determined at the early logarithmic phase in the growth cycle of strain Bt-Bn1 and its production continued until the beginning of the stationary phase. The mode of action of this molecule displayed bacteriocidal or bacteriolytic effect depending on the concentration. The bioactive molecule was purified 78-fold from the bacteria supernatant with ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and HPLC, respectively. The molecular mass of this molecule was estimated via SDS-PAGE and confirmed by the ESI-TOFMS as 3,139 Da. The bioactive molecule was also determined to be a heat-stable, pH-stable (range 6-8), and proteinase K sensitive antibacterial peptide, similar to bacteriocins. Based on all characteristics determined in this study, the purified bacteriocin was named as thuricin Bn1 because of the similarities to the previously identified thuricin-like bacteriocin produced by the various B. thuringiensis strains. Plasmid elution studies showed that gene responsible for the production of thuricin Bn1 is located on the chromosome of Bt-Bn1. Therefore, it is a novel bacteriocin and the first recorded one produced by an insect originated bacterium. It has potential usage for the control of many different pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in the food industry, agriculture, and various other areas.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.175-204
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• 2008

Ubiquitous computing is enhancing computer use by making many computers available throughout the physical environment without being noticed to the users. To facilitate successful adoption and diffusion of ubiquitous systems, it is important to find out the factors affecting their uses. Although researches related to ubiquitous computing have been vigorously conducted from the aspect of system and service provider, there have been very few studies that focus on the user's perspective. This study attempts to find out major factors which are dedicated to the development of ubiquitous systems and services and the relationships between these factors and user satisfaction factors. This study derived the specific factors that characterize ubiquitous services, such as ubiquity, contextual offer, user affinity, privacy, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. We also considered service quality factors of ubiquitous services. Then these factors were combined with the Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT) model and the path analysis was applied to find out the factors affecting user satisfaction and the intention to use the systems. The research findings indicate that ubiquity, contextual offer, privacy, reliability, and responsiveness affect the perceived usefulness. The perceived ease of use and confirmation were found to affect the perceived usefulness. The perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and confirmation fumed out to influence the satisfaction. It turned out that the result of this study on the relationship between the perceived usefulness and user satisfaction was identical with the findings in previous related ECT researches. We think this study makes two significant contributions to the development of ubiquitous services. First, this study provides basic implications for better ubiquitous services by considering important characteristics of ubiquitous systems as services. Second, this study also suggests important factors that need to be considered when ubiquitous service providers develop new ubiquitous services to improve user satisfaction and the intention to use the services.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.202-209
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• 2020

Organic farming is necessary to sustainable agriculture, preserve biodiversity and continued growth the sector in agriculture. In organic farming, reduced usage of chemical agents that adversely affect human health and environment, employing amino acids and oil cake fertilizer, plant extracts, and microbial agents are used to provide safe agricultural products to consumers. To investigation microbiome structure, we proceeded on the pepper plant with difference fertilizers and treatments in organic agriculture for three years. The microbial communities were analyzed by the next generation sequencing approach. Difference soil microbiota communities were discovered base on organic fertilizer agents. Occurrences of virus and anthracnose diseases had a low incidence in conventional farming, whereas bacteria wilt disease had a low incidence in microbial agents treated plots. Microbe agents, which applied in soil, were detected in the microbial community and the funding suggested the applied microbes successfully colonized in the organic farming environment.

• KNOM Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2019

As the video streaming service are supported by various devices, the amount of usage increases and efforts to improve the service from the viewpoint of users have continued. When a user watches a video, a response time occurs from input to playback, and if this response time becomes longer, the user's service satisfaction decreases. In this paper, we are proposing a method prefetching each user's preference video data obtained by analyzing user's past history record to the device for reducing the response time. We will show the result that prefetching data can improve the response time to 41% at most. And we analyzed real-video streaming viewing record and got each user's preferred video list. We investigated the change of response time according to a hit-ratio and amount of overhead data that was prefetched to the device, but not viewed. It was shown that as the hit-ratio grows bigger, the improvement of response time becomes more effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.253-273
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• 1998

The culture reflects the ideology of a particular period in time and such values change according to the needs and requests of that time which eventually becomes an important factorin forming the exterior. The clothing is part of a way that composes and expresses the inherent substance of society and culture. Also, the clothing itself manifests the artistic values and behavior of mankind as an external structure maintaining its place as a big part in culture. The purpose of this study are to elucidat the concept of naturalism, which is discussed in many facets in the modern era; I studied the concept as well as the history of naturalism in order to manifest the meaning of clothing in the context of culture and I explained the concept in terms of the modern era. On such ground, I explained the naturalism expressed through clothing and characterized the exter-nal form of clothing. Also, in order to know the stream of naturalism in the modern context, I referred to the Vogue magazine of the 90s, using Delong's ABC method. Naturalism, in the context of modern fashion is a way to express the nostalgia of nature's vi-ability and purity of ecology apart from the artificial and structural appearance that resulted form scientific enhancement and hence, the ecological crisis. Naturalism pursues the soft- ness and comfort of the natural silhouette, color and material of the human body and it can be said that naturalism emphasizes the mix-ture of three substances : human, nature and clothing. The naturalism can be characterized by the factors expressed in clothing as follows. First, the naturalism shown in the form it-self draws the beauty of the bodyline without any reduction nor exaggeration. Without any distorttion of the human bodyline it shown the curve as one moves along, using the soft material. Second, the naturalism shown in color most-ly uses the natural tone with added white color and other color low in intensity and value like the receded colors of the earth that could be compared to the beauty of ecru. Third, the naturalism shown in the material is thin, light and soft in texture. In order to bring out the most natural curve of the human body, the natural fiber becomes the main material, sometimes, using crude materials. Due to the lindustrial improvement, softness and elasticity is added to the natural fibers giving them an important role as materials. Fourth, the naturalism shown in textile depicts the real natural objects in life. According to my study, the personality of naturalism in modern clothing was shown to be most strong in material and then in the order of form, texture and textile. The material com-posed of the natural silhouette and natural fibers were used to make soft color. In form, Paul Poiret made appearance expressing the natural beauty of the human body without the corset ; it continued with the inner lining making the clothing hard but in the 90s, lining-less, extremely exposed clothes and knit wear is used to emphasize the natural beauty of the body. In color and textile, the tendency spok-en above is not as strong but in color, instead of high intensity or value, the usage of neutral colors with added white color or ecru color, ear-th tone is increasing. In textile, the usage of flowers as natural material is seen frequently. As a whole, naturalistic trend in the 90s is increasing and the modern fashion is breaking out from the artificial and architectural form and conforming to a form that can realize the natural beauty of the human body. And the natural color and textile that conforms to such ideas are being used to pursue the human oriented trend that has appeared due to the increase in usage of soft natural fiber. Nowadays, the idea of returning to nature, defying the artificiality, desiring the leisure and psychological abundance that can be explained as naturalistic way of thinking is necessitated in this modern era as long as humans coexist with nature, this tendency will continue in clothing.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-106
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• 2022

Cryptocurrency, stood out the sharp cost rising of Bitcoin has been spotlighted by means of the solution for stagflation because it is decentralized with an existing currency differently. Especially getting into 4th industrial revolution, technologies using block chain and internet of things have been used in the many fields, and the power of influence is also widespread. Nevertheless like a remark of Elon Musk of Tesla CEO, the problems of environmental contamination for cryptocurrency have been pointed out continuously and the most representative of them is an enormous electric usage as the use of fossil fuels. Also the amount generated of carbon dioxide result in the acceleration of global warming mainly based on the climate changes of earth if the existing mining method is continued. On the other hand, review researches have been conducted restrictively as the connection with environmental contamination as the mining of cryptocurrency. In this study, it intended to review problems for environmental contamination as the diversification of ecological system of cryptocurrency concretely. Upon investigation existing prior documents on the putting recent data first, the mining of cryptocurrency has affected on the environmental contamination conflicting with carbon neutrality as increasement of the electric usage and electronic wastes. And POS method without the mining process appeared, but it had a demerit collapsing a decentralization and then we met turning point on appearing various environmental-friendly cryptocurrency. Finally the appearance of cryptocurrency using new renewable energy acted on the opportunity of the usage maximization of energy storage apparatus and the birth of national government intervention. Based on these results, we mention clearly that hereafter cryptocurrency will regress if not go abreast the value of currency as well as environmental approach.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1998

Purpose : The study for changes in components and acitvities of Artemisiae Herba at various processing temperature is generally regarded as a foundation in setting the optimum heat-processing temperature and for getting the maximum activities for medical usage of this herb. Methods: Therefore some experiments were performed either in vitro or in vivo and various changes were observed - the changes in the weitht of Artemisiae Herba, the changes in the relative amount of three kinds of extracts from Artemisiae Herba ( diluted ethanol extract, water extract, ether extract ), the TLC pattern of essential oil at various processing temperature, the existance of inhibitory effects both on ${\beta}$-Glucuronidase activities, and on heat-induced hemolysis, the effects on increased vascular permeability. The valid results derived from the experiments are as follows. Results: 1. The weight of Artemisiae Herba prominently decreased at 240^{\circ}C$. 2. The contents of diluted ether extract were maximum in the unprocessing condition. Those of water extract were maximum at 180^{\circ}C$ and at 210^{\circ}C$. and the changes of diluted ethanol extract at 150^{\circ}C$. 3. The TLC pattern of essential oil in Artemisiae Herba at various processing temperature showed that a component began to increase at Rf 0.56 and another component began to decrease at Rf 0.86. 4. The contents of Eupatilin in Artemisiae Herba at various processing temperature continued to decreased in proportion to the temperature rise, the extent of which was prominent at 210^{\circ}C$, and was unnoticeable at 270^{\circ}C$. 5. Inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-Glucuronidase activities, trypsin activities and heat-induced hemolysis increased in proportion to the density of Artemisiae Herba. Inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-Glucuronidase activities and trypsin activities were relatively high at 180^{\circ}C$ while on the writhing syndrome and inhibitory effects on increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid were maximum at 240^{\circ}C$. those on heat-induced hemolysis were relatively high at 240^{\circ}C$. 6. In vivo, both analgesic effects Conclusions: To maximize of the effectiveness of Artemmisiae Herba, the ideal heating temperature is in the range of 180^{\circ}C{\sim}240^{\circ}C$.