• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

We tested the hypothesis that alpine plants have special physiological and biochemical mechanisms in addition to their structural adaptation in order to survive under extreme conditions. The photosynthetic organs of Pinus pumila were used to examine the seasonal changes in sugar concentration, antioxidative enzyme, and lipid peroxidation. The concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and reducing sugar were the highest in the leaves in April. But sugar contents in buds and inner barks did not respond sensitively on temperature change. Meanwhile superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity responded sensitively on the change of temperature and SOD in all tissues maintained high activity in April. Meanwhile anthocyanin content increased rapidly in June but the increase of anthocyanin content was not enough to prevent their tissues from the damage by the exposure of high temperature or other stress. In conclusion, under low temperature condition, P. pumila increased the concentration of soluble sugars and SOD activity in their tissues in order to overcome extreme environmental condition. But in summer, these stress defense system against high temperature might be disturbed slightly. This results in the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in three tissues by lipid peroxidation.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.48-54
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• 2013

This paper explores J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel, The Lord of the Rings Trilogy in order to analogize two primary sources which enabled the fantasy literature to be restored to its former popularity in 1930's-50's. First source is the cinematization of the original novel, based on the advanced digital technology, and second, the adaptation of Norse mythology to the original novel. The advanced digital technology rendered a distinguished contribution to the resurrection of the fantasy novel today. Peter Jackson, the director of the film trilogy, The Lord of the Rings Trilogy gained an un-heard popularity in the history of the fantasy movie. It was practicable with the advanced digital technology. Nevertheless, it could be realized only with the fact that J. R. R. Tolkien's original novel retains the excellence of plot. The episodes of the novel present the author's broad knowledge of Norse mythology and his attempts to employ it to the novel, The Lord of the Rings Trilogy. Through such two directions, this paper describes that the advanced digital technology and the quality of the original plot are two key elements to succeed in authoring and filming the fantasy literature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.320-323
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• 2008

Due to the improvement of mobile device capabilities, a demand for various contents service is increasing. But the differences from heterogeneous mobile devices force to develop contents which is dependent on a mobile. To solve this problem, adaptation course that reorganize contents by the device capability is needed. In this course, device description is described using device description language but there are some problems that is absence of device description repository and the way to get device description data. In this paper, I suggest device description acquisition module and define the interfaces to access device description repository that I designed and implemented.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.2091-2096
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• 2008

Due to the improvement of mobile device capabilities, a demand for various contents service is increasing. But the differences from heterogeneous mobile devices force to develop contents which is dependent on a mobile. To solve this problem, adaptation course that reorganize contents by the device capability is hooded. In this course, device description is described using device description language but there are some problems that is absence of device description repository and the way to get device description data. In this paper, I suggest device description acquisition module and define the interfaces to access device description repository that I designed and implemented.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.17-20
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• 2004

무선 네트워크를 기반으로 하는 제3세대로 갈수록 디바이스들의 다양성과 성능이 높아지고 있고 이질적인 환경으로 변화하고 있다. 개방형 프로토콜과 마크업 언어의 발전으로 많은 무유선 디바이스들을 활용하여 인터넷으로 접근할 수 있게 되었고, PC 기반으로 작성된 웹 콘텐츠 및 서비스를 작은 디바이스들에게 적응화하는 것이 최근 핫이슈가 되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이질적인 환경에서 콘텐츠 적응화를 위한 콘텐츠모델링 스키마를 설계하였고 콘텐츠모델링 정보를 쉽게 저작할 수 있는 저작도구를 개발하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.1843-1846
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• 2003

In MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework, Digital Item (DI) is the minimum unit fur processing and delivering the multimedia contents. So how to process, manipulate and represent DI is a very important problem in the standpoint of interoperability for each terminal and provide., and Digital Item Processing (DIP) regarding this issue. This paper suggests technologies which are concerning how DIP should interact with other parts of MPEG-21 (Digital Item Adaptation (DIA), Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP), etc.). For this concept, this paper uses the video summary contents which can describe the hierarchical structures of original multimedia contents. In MPEG-21 environment, the usage of this summary video is very useful delivery and consumption way in view of network burden, efficient accessing to contents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.303-303
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• 2017

Japanese agriculture has faced to several threats: aging and decrease of farmer population, global competition, and the risk of climate change as well as harsh and variable weather. On the other hands, the number of large scale farms is increasing, because farm lands have been being aggregated to fewer numbers of farms. Cost cutting, development of efficient ways to manage complicatedly scattered farm lands, maintaining yield and quality under variable weather conditions, are required to adapt to changing environments. Information and communications technology (ICT) would contribute to solve such problems and to create innovative technologies. Thus we have been developing an early warning and decision support system to reduce weather and climate risks for rice, wheat and soybean production in Japan. The concept and prototype of the system will be shown. The system consists of a weather data system (Agro-Meteorological Grid Square Data System, AMGSDS), decision support contents where information is automatically created by crop models and delivers information to users via internet. AMGSDS combines JMA's Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) data, numerical weather forecast data and normal values, for all of Japan with about 1km Grid Square throughout years. Our climate-smart system provides information on the prediction of crop phenology, created with weather forecast data and crop phenology models, as an important function. The system also makes recommendations for crop management, such as nitrogen-topdressing, suitable harvest time, water control, pesticide spray. We are also developing methods to perform risk analysis on weather-related damage to crop production. For example, we have developed an algorism to determine the best transplanting date in rice under a given environment, using the results of multi-year simulation, in order to answer the question "when is the best transplanting date to minimize yield loss, to avoid low temperature damage and to avoid high temperature damage?".

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2005

We propose a method using a transformation of an object and a scene tree in order to author MPEG-4 contents for mobile devices in this paper. The method transforms media objects in the scene into geometry objects in order to reduce initial loading time of the contents, and reduces an external form of each object in a scene of the content for presenting it efficiently on the small interface of mobile devices. Therefore, the contents for mobile devices are reconstructed by the method. An original object in the scene is presented on a mobile device when a user clicks a related geometry object. The method was applied to a conventional authoring tool, so we could find that the method showed an efficient presentation of MPEG-4 contents on mobile devices.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.295-298
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• 2006

인터넷의 발달로 네트워크를 통한 멀티미디어 데이터 서비스가 늘어나면서 유료 콘텐츠에 대한 저작권 관리와 보호 및 다양한 이기종의 단말 장치에 적합한 콘텐츠 적응(adaptation) 서비스에 대한 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 이를 위하여 현재까지 DRM, Scalable Coding, Progressive Encryption, ISMA, ARMS, Metadata Adaptation 등 다양한 연구가 진행되어 왔지만 요구사항을 포괄적으로 만족하는 멀티미디어 전송 프레임워크는 부재한 상태이다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 기존 기법을 분석하고 기능을 통합하여 안전하고 보다 여러 종류의 단말 장치에 서비스가 가능하며 다양한 서비스 형태를 가질 수 있는 프레임워크를 설계하였다. 이를 통해 멀티미디어 서비스가 보다 광범위하게 활용되고 확산 될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.395-399
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• 2004

We present modality conversion as an effective means for QoS management. We show that modality conversion, in combination with content scaling, would give a wider range of adaptation to support QoS at media level. Here, we consider modality conversion with respect to resource constraint and human factor. To represent modality conversion as well as content scaling, we present the overlapped content value (OCV) model that relates the content value of different modalities with resources. The specification of user preference on modality conversion is divided into qualitative and quantitative levels. The user preference is then integrated into the OCV model so that modality conversion correctly reflects the user's wishes. For the conversion of multiple contents, an optimization problem is formulated and solved by dynamic programming. The experiments show that the proposed approach is efficient to be applied in practice.