• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.18-32
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the learning outcomes of immersive learning technologies in English language teaching (ELT). This study examined 12 articles, yielding a total of 20 effect sizes. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) program was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that the overall effect size was 0.84, implying a large effect size. Additionally, the mean effect sizes of the dependent variables revealed a large effect size for both the cognitive and affective domains. Furthermore, the study analyzed the impact of moderator variables such as sample scale, technology type, tool type, work type, program type, duration (sessions), the degree of immersion, instructional technique, and augmented reality (AR) type. Among the moderators, the degree of immersion was found to be statistically significant. In conclusion, the study results suggested that immersive learning technologies had a positive impact on learning in ELT.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.32-42
• /
• 1986

Two Tongil type rice varieties and two Japonica rice varieties were prepared and experimented to investigate the effect of physicochemical properties on rice palatibility. Obtained results are as follows; (1) Width and thickness of unhunlled and unpolished grains of Tongil type rices were shorter than those of Japonica type rices and the length of the former was much longer than the latter. (2) Protein contents of Tonsil type varieties were greater than Japonica ones and amylose contents of the former is less than the latter. Alkali digestibility of them showed no significant differences. These means that the qualities of Tongil rices are not less than Japonica ones. (3) Sensory evaluation test showed that Japonica type rices are more excellent than Tongil types in expansion, glutinosity, flavour and taste while the former is inferior to the letter in gloss. (4) Preconceived ideas on the shape of rice seemed to affect most on its palatability.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.308-316
• /
• 1986

Vertical distribution of heterotrophic bacteria and physico-chemical characteristics were measuted in Kum River estuarine sediments. And interrelationship between heterotrophic bacterka and environmental factors was also studied. The type of sediment of Site 1 was silty clay, and sand at Site 2. Annual pH ranges were between 7.1 and 7.7 in the clay type sediment (Site 1) and 6.9-7.2 in the sand type sediment (Site 2). It was shown that organic matter contents were higher in the clay type sediment than those of sand type sediment. Redox potential values of sediments were decreased rapidly with depth at Site 1, but those of Sete 2 showed vertical fluctuation. Nitrogens(ammonia+amino acid-N, nitrate-N, nitrite-N) and phosphate in the clay type sediment showed higher values than those of sand type sediment. Annual distribution of heterotrophic bacteria were ranged $6.71{\times}10^4$ cells/g dry wt. $-2.50{\times}10^6$ cells/g dry wt. In the clay type sediment and $2.67{\times}10^3$ cells/g dry wt. $-1.94{\times}10^6$ cells/g dry wt. in the sand type sediment. Distribution of proteolytic, lipolytic, and amylolytic bacteria were decreased with the depth and the highest density was found in April and the lowest in January. Bacterial populations in sediments were closely correlated with such environmental factors as pH, redox potential, moisture content, organic matter contents, and inorganic nutrients such as nitrite-N and phosphate-P.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.19
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2001

Uyeki(1928) classified Pinus densiflora into six ecotypes(Northeastem type, Middle-southern flat type, middle-southern upland type, Wibong type, Ankang type, and Geumgang type) based on the pine tree type. The bark color of Geumgang type was ash-brown color on the lower parts of stem and yellowed color on the upper parts of stem. We investigated the physicochemical properties of soil forests to obtain basic data for preservation of exellent pine (Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki). The results were as follows; The soil texture of the Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki forests were showed nearly as sandy loam, that is, sand, silt and clay were consisted of 72%, 15% and 13%, respectively. Soil acidity(pH 4.6) was lower than Korea average forest soil acidity(pH 5.2). The average contents of available phosphate was 11.7ppm at Sokwang-ri, 26.8ppm at Mt. Eungbong, 24.2ppm at Mt. Kumma. It was the lowest at Uljin(4.6ppm). The contents of carbon was 6.2% at Mt. Chungok, 6.1% at Mt. Eungbong. This value was more than average of Korea forest soil.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.872-877
• /
• 2005

First, we analyze the contents of Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam. Second, from the view of the 'Hyung-Sang(형상:body form)' theory, we try to interpret the acupuncture points chosen in each chapter with a base on the contents of the book. We study on the on 'Hyung-Sang(형상: body form)' thee of acupuncture points in each chapter on 'Jung(정)' and 'Ki(기)' in Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam(동의보감). The acupuncture points on epilepsy in 'Jung(정)' chapter are come from the purview of 'Jung(정)' type, man and 'Shin(신)' type. In the cade of hypochondria, it is often considered 'Ki(기)' pe and 'Shin(신)' type. The acupuncture points on all kind of Ki(기)-desease are come from the purview of the point of 'Ki-Hae(기해)'. The acupuncture points on congestion of the head are come from the purview of indigestible type or weak type of person and woman, and the acupuncture points on 'belch 'are come form the purview of 'KE(기)' type and 'Shin(신)' type. The acupuncture points on polypnea are come from the purview of having phlegm, weak type, and long necked type.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.527-541
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of learning contents structure of K-12 science textbooks. The characteristics are related to 7 main concepts of matter properties; reaction rate, other reaction, density, solution, state change, absorption, and surface property. The contects are analyzed into 5 types of characteristics; type of concept extension, type of concept deepness, type of same level concept, type of confusion with other concepts, and type of concept interruption. First two types are positive content structures, but the others are negative structures. The findings are as follows. First, a lot of learning contents have the characteristic of 'type of same level concept'. There are few which have the characteristic of 'type of concept deepness'. Second, there are a lot of concepts related to 'properties of matter' which are not represented any more in middle and high school science textbooks. Those concepts are importantly taught in early childhood education and elementary school science. Most of the learning contents don't represent 'type of concept deepness'. Therefore the science textbooks needs to be restructuring.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 2007

Recently, there has been much research to improve immersiveness and learning achievement using the edutainment that combines learning with game. However, from the viewpoint of instructors, there has been little research to solve technical difficulties and to reduce the authoring time in tailoring a game-type learning content. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an authoring tool, which enable instructors to tailor game-type learning contents reflecting their own preferences in spite of no backgrounds of technical skills. The authoring tool proposed has key features to hide authoring handicaps and reduce authoring time by providing the overall template for customized game-type learning contents based on template concept. To evaluate the effectiveness of the authoring tool, we applied it to teachers and elementary school students. From the evaluation, the result represented that instructors can make their own learning contents without being aware of technical problems within a short time. Also, the result showed that the learning achievement degree and immersive depth of students have been significantly improved.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.449-459
• /
• 2013

The software which is used for electronic bulletin boards have shortcomings that the addition of new function and new information's type to the order point software is very difficult, and the aggressive adaption of newly introduced type of media is impossible because the software is developed by custom solution. Eventually new cost and time are required to enhance functionality or performance to software of DID(Digital Information Display). In this paper, we proposed the scheme to package DID's contents and to customize it using plug-in method. We conducted a case study of this scheme. The platform which can install Apps to DID as one of content was designed. Apps can be inserted by plug-in type on DID platform and run separately with DID framework. As a result, We got advantage that various contents, functions and Apps which are drived on Android can be displayed without any restriction and dependency because Apps itself is one of dynamic notice object. This solution increase reusability of Apps or contents, and can be used easily in various places such as airports, stations, terminals, and front desk by customizing.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.227-248
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contents of pre-service early childhood teacher's practicum experience in kindergartens and child care centers through the analysis of practice teaching journals. The subjects of this study were a total 52 practice teaching journals of 26 pre-service early childhood teachers who completed their practicum in kindergartens and child care centers. This study analyzed the type of teaching practice management, the type of activities, and the contents of journal writings. The findings are as follows; First, pre-service teachers experienced a similar ratio of the type of teaching practice management in both types of teaching practice. Second, pre-service teachers performed more group activities in practicum in kindergartens, but more choice activities in practicum in child care centers. Third, the journal writing contents of pre-service teachers in both types of teaching practice mainly addressed the operating of educational and child care activities, and the execution of observing young children. But some categories of teacher's competency were hardly addressed. The results of this study could be used as basic data for designing early childhood practicum programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2017

The propellant tile and crack which account for the greatest proportion of solid rockets are profoundly affected by viscosity and mechanical properties of solid propellant. In this paper HTPB/AP/Al system propellant has been researched for the viscosity, mechanical properties and burning properties with type and contents of bonding agents. The viscosity of propellant was changed significantly depending on the type and contents of bonding agents, and mechanical properties of HTPB/AP/Al system propellant were also varied. Considering both lower viscosity and stable mechanical properties, the optimum type and contents of bonding agents can be identified as the main factors to the HTPB/AP/Al system propellant.