• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2017

This study was based on the data of total mineral content of about 99% at the age of 16-26 years, we aimed at female university students who are important for bone formation in their early 20s. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors of eating habits affecting their bone density and to provide data to prevent osteoporosis which might occur in the future. It was conducted on 100 female university students in their 20s, the bone mineral density according to BMI was measured by DEAX, and the analysis of 10 eating habits items and the results of BMD measurement on their own results in Excel 2010. As a result, the height was $161.08{\pm}4.70cm$, the weight was $52.43{\pm}6.43kg$, and the BMI was $20.22{\pm}2.48$, which correlated with BMD (p<0.05). According to the BMI classification, 20 had low weight and 80 had normal weight, and BMD was $0.20{\pm}0.41$ at normal weight. In the same sex, the mean T-score of the young adult group was $-0.04{\pm}0.99$ compared with the BMD of the young adult group, and the mean Z-score of the same age group was $0.02{\pm}0.93$ (p<0.001). Eating habits affecting bone mineral density were significantly affected by 3 meals per day, 1-3 cups of coffee per day and p<0.05 for Low salt formula intake. 6-9 dairy product intake was also p<0.05 but not significant. Therefore, it is considered that when 20s female students become middle-aged woman, they should have proper eating habits so that osteogenesis can be improved at young age in order to prevent bone disease.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to research the usage characteristics of asbestos-containing building materials and to conduct exposure risk assessment by applying no. 2016-230 "Methods of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings" from the Ministry of Environment. Methods: One hundred buildings located in the Seoul and Gyeonggi-Incheon area were chosen, with 29 in Seoul, 20 in Incheon, and 51 in Gyeonggi-do Province. The year of construction was divided between three buildings in the 1970s, 11 buildings in the 1980s, 42 buildings in the 1990s, and 44 buildings in the 2000s. The bulk samples were analyzed by using a polarizing microscope after a pre-process using a stereomicroscope in a hood with an HEPA filter. This study defined ACMs(asbestos-containing materials) as asbestos when the content percentage was over 1% in the analysis result. Methods and standards of risk assessment of asbestos-containing building materials were conducted by refering to no. 2016-230 "Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings" from the Ministry of Environment. The risk of exposure to ACMs was rated by a score based on three categories(high, middle, low risk of asbestos exposure). Results: In this study, 30 of the 100 buildings and 36 of the 416 bulk samples(8.6%) were found to have had asbestos. Asbestos was detected at a high rate, in 18 out of 42, in buildings constructed in the 1990s and at the lowest rate(7 out of 44) for buildings constructed in the 2000s. As a result of the evaluation according to no. 2016-230 "Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings" of the Ministry of Environment, the risk assessment level of two asbestos-containing building materials was found to be "Medium", and 28 buildings materials were found to be at the "Low" level. Conclusion: As asbestos is regulated by the government, it is required to conduct active management and implemention by introducing methods of risk assessment of asbestos exposure that are supported by data from various situations. In the case of buildings owned by individuals, building owners should be aware of the risk of exposure to asbestos.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.76-87
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• 1992

The purposes of study was: 1. To identify the direction and scope of research activities in Korean Nursing. 2. To discuss the unique problems present in Korea that warrant nursing research. 3. To delineate the factors that facilitate and/or hinder nursing research in Korea. This study was conducted at six colleges of nursing in Korea. The schools which were selected had doctoral programs at the time, the data were collected in 1990. Four of the schools were located in the metropolitan area of the capital city, Seoul, and two were in two other cities similar in size. The total population of the study was 283 nurses. The instrument for the research was the English version of Research Profile Questionnaire which was translated into Korean by the researchers and was validated in its translation by two professors. A pretest procedure was done before the data collection process. Of the population of 283, 210 subjects received the questionnaire and 150 subjects responded(71.4%). Excluding incomplete questionnaires, 141 questionnaires were utilized for data analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Responses to open-ended questions were content analyzed for themes and categories. Results of the study were as follows : Respondents currently , involved in nursing research numbered 108(76.6%), but 33(23.4%) did not have any research experience. The inexperienced respondenLs tended to be younger than the experienced subjects and most( 60.6%) were employed in hospitals, while 82.4 percent of the experienced nurses were employed in nursing schools. Among the respondents with research experience, 68.5 percent were involved in one to three projects and 31.5 percent were engaged in four or more projects. The experienced nurses indicated that nursing research in Korea is active. On the other hand, the responses of the inexperienced were that nursing research is not active. The most frequently selected research subjects were patients(76.9%, 83 respondents) followed by nurses, healthy persons and nursing students. The relatively high percentage of healthy persons as study subjects, could be explained as a concern of nurses for healthy persons as well as for ill patients. The aforememioned literature review showed a dramatic change in the kinds of study subjects; approximately 33 percent were patients but 25 percent were healthy subjects of various ages. The hospital was the prevailing research setting(67.6%) but at the same time various community settings were used. This is a changing phenomena in nursing research of Korea. Current research designed to build on previous studies amounted to 75 percent; about 39.8 percem were theory and hypothesis generated. Over 65 recommended additional research focusing on hypothesis-testing 0:' theory building. The previously quoted literature review found that only 4.0 percent of the study quescions were developed from a theoretical framework. The most frequently listed current major focus of nursmg research was stress and adaptation. Patients with cancer, pain, social support and care of the elderly were the next most frequently reported. These concerns may reflect problems associated with a technological and industrializing societyl. The most frequently identified problem was lack of clinical research. The need for replication research and research that contributes to the accumulation of nursing knowledge were found to be rare in Korean research. A need for theory testing and theory construction research was also identified. Although advanced statistical methods were often utilized in nursing research, the results were frequently considered by the interviewers not to be applicable in practice, and readers had difficulty in comprehending the findings. Even though the number of clinical nurses involved in research is increasing, it is still considered inadequate. Among 108 respondents, 83(76.9%) gave lack of time as a barrier to conducting nursing research. Over fifty percent of the respondents reported lack of funding or, personally, low confidence in research skills as barriers. The respondents offered 183 suggestions for future emphasis in nursing research. Among the 51 areas of emphasis, clinical research received the highest number and nursing intervention was next. The findings suggested that nursing research should be based on theory, be related to practice and relevant to the situation of a unique Korean culture.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 1998

Macrobenthic community structure was studied at thirteen stations in Taebudo subtidal area, Korea, from July to October 1996. Triple macrobenthos samples were collected using a van Veen grab (0.1 $m^2$) at each station during the study period. A total of 209 species of macrobenthos was sampled with a mean density of 1,093 ind./$m^2$ and biomass of 134,86 g/$m^2$. Of these, there were 72 species of polychaetes ($34.5\%$), 69 crustaceans ($33.0\%$) and 49 molluscs ($23.4\%$). Polyalaetes were represented as a density-dominant faunal group with a mean density of 608 ind./$m^2$, comprising $55.6\%$ of the total benthic animals. It was followed by crustaceans with 307 ind./$m^2$($28.1\%$ of the total density), Echinoderms were represented as a biomass-dominant faunal group with a mean biomass of 54.21 g/$m^2$($40.2\%$ of total biomass). Total number of species and diversity were low in the inner part of the study area with high mud content and high in the offshore stations of mixed sediments. Major dominant species were three polychaetes, Heteromastus filifomis, Scoloplos armiger and Tharyx sp. whose mean densities were 70 ind./$m^2$, 67 ind./$m^2$, and 66 ind./$m^2$, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that the study area could be divided into five stational groups based on the faunal composition, that is, the innermost stations, coastal stations, transitional stations and two offshore station groups. The species diversity of these groups increased from the inner stational group toward the outer groups.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.179-200
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• 2008

This study is aimed at contributing to the future development of Home Economics Education Department by suggesting basic data of TQM(Total Qualify Management) for evaluating TQM of Home Economics Education Departmeut in education colleges. A survey was conducted involving all junior(3rd year) students of Home Economics Education Department in education colleges either by making a visit to 3 different schools or by sending it in the mail to 10 different schools. Responding answer-sheets, 302 copies(88.3%) out of 342 copies in total were returned. Finally, we used 285 copies(83.3%) as data for analysis. The results of this study are as follows: In terms of Professional Qualification of Home Economics Teachers, the students had passion for their Home Economics Education and also had a great pride and mission to be future Home Economics teachers. However, their ability proved to be poor and low in presenting a vision for Home Economics, in conducting extra-curricular activities, and the computer skills. In the case of college students, their satisfaction showed an average point 3.15 on a scale of 5. Those students who entered school voluntarily or those who hoped for re-entrance showed more satisfaction than those who entered school with good academic records or those who do not hope for re-entrance into school. In terms of professors' leadership, Students are perceived to choose 'Transactional Leadership' instead of 'Transformational Leadership'. Students', who have higher satisfaction and hopes for re-entrance, perception level about their professors' leadership style showed higher satisfaction than average. The students empowerment level showed average point 3.52, which is considered relatively high. Students at the college where professors majored in Home Economics Education are employed showed higher empowerment level than students at the college with professors who did not major in Home Economics Education. The result of evaluating general demand for renovating of Home Economics Education Dept. showed that: they perceived the "Teacher Education Course" of Home Economics Education Dept. as in need of cultivating practical skills in secondary school. They also said, "Teaching Method" is in great need of renovation. In the case of teaching method, they preferred laboratory work, and practical training. In earning credits, they emphasized the importance of faithfully completing the "Study of Content". For the Subject Matter Education, they required a training course to be set up in the secondary school. Finally they claimed that the teachers and students need to take the initiative in developing a Curriculum of Home Economics Education Dept. Based on the findings mentioned above, I would like to suggest further research on how to adopt and evaluate TQM in Home Economics Education, and faculty-centered evaluation methods. I also would like to suggest to vitalize quality research through the form of narrative research.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.463-472
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• 2019

This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of morning bread containing various amounts of aronia sourdough starter. Morning breads were prepared with different volumes (0% (AS0), 15% (AS1), 25% (AS2), and 35% (AS3)) of aronia sourdough starter based on wheat flour. In AS3 group (35% added group), the specific volume and baking loss rate were the highest but the bread height was the lowest. When the aronia sourdough starter was added up to 25%, the expansion power, specific volume, and bread height were significantly increased (P<0.05). According to the added amount of sourdough starters, the lightness and yellowness of the morning bread were decreased, however, redness was increased (P<0.05). In the rheology analysis, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were significantly decreased with increasing amounts of aronia sourdough starters (P<0.05). However, cohesiveness was the highest in the AS2 group (25% added group). In consumer preference, the highest scores were shown in AS2 group (25% added group) in color, texture, and appearance. The total polyphenol and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability were both significantly increased along with aronia sourdough content (P<0.05). In conclusion, morning bread with 25% aronia sourdough starter showed the best quality characteristics and antioxidant activities.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2005

Pharmaceutical byproduct sludge and cosmetic industry wastewater sludge can be used as a raw material of compost. Effects of three types of pharmaceutical byproduct sludge and one type of cosmetic industry wastewater sludge on soil properties and red pepper growth were investigated in a field based concrete pot ($2{\times}2m$). These sludges and pig manure ($5Mg\;ha^{-1}$, dry basis) were incorporated into the upper of loam soil 30 days prior to transplanting red pepper. Changes in soil properties and contents of heavy metals and toxic organic compounds in soil and plant were measured. And also plant growth measurement and bioassay of soil phytotoxicity were included. Contents of heavy metals were increased in the soils treated with the sludges. Plant growth in the sludge treatments were mostly inferior to that of NPK treatment, especially in early stage. Content of N in plant was lower in all sludge treatments at early and middle growth stages, and it was especially caused by characteristics and concentration of nitrogen and organic matter of sludges. Total yield of red pepper was highest in the NPK treatment and followed by pharmaceutical sludge 3, pig manure, pharmaceutical sludge 1, and pharmaceutical sludge 2, and the yield of cosmetic sludge treatment was considerably lower than others. HEM and PAHs contents in soil of cosmetic sludge treatment were $4.80mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $2,263.2{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Root elongation of lettuce exposed to the water extract of soil treated with cosmetic sludge was about 20% of that found in the test with soil extract of non fertilization treatment. At present, raw materials of compost were authorized according to the contents of organic matter, heavy metals and product processing. Toxic organic compounds analysis and bioassay would be helpful for authorization and assessment of suitability of raw materials of compost.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.311-324
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• 2021

Recently, ten geosites have been considered in Hwaseong for endorsement as national geoparks, including the Jebudo, Gojeongri Dinosaur Egg Fossils, and Ueumdo geosites. The Jebudo geosite in the southern part of the Seoul metropolitan area has great potential for development as a new geoscience educational site because it has geological, geographical (landscape), and ecological significance. In this study, we described the geological characteristics through field surveys in the Jebudo geosite. We evaluated its potential as a geo-education site based on comparative analysis with other geosites in Hwaseong Geopark. In addition, we reviewed the practical effect of field education at geosites on the essential concepts and critical competence-oriented education emphasized in the current 2015 revised science curriculum. The Jebudo Geosite is geologically diverse, with various metamorphic rocks belonging to the Precambrian Seosan Group, such as quartzite, schist, and phyllite. Various geological structures, such as clastic dikes, faults, joints, foliation, and schistosity have also been recorded. Moreover, coastal geological features have been observed, including depositional landforms (gravel and sand beaches, dunes, and mudflats), sedimentary structures (ripples), erosional landforms (sea cliffs, sea caves, and sea stacks), and sea parting. The Jebudo geosite has considerable value as a new geo-education site with geological and geomorphological distinction from the Gojeongri Dinosaur Egg Fossils and Ueumdo geosites. The Jebudo geosite also has opportunities for geo-education and geo-tourism, such as mudflat experiences and infrastructures, such as coastal trails and viewing points. This geosite can help develop diverse geo-education programs that improve key competencies in the science curriculum, such as critical thinking, inquiry, and problem-solving. Furthermore, by conducting optimized geo-education focused on the characteristics of each geosite, the following can be established: (1) the expansion of learning space from school to geopark, (2) the improvement of understanding of specific content elements and linkage between essential concepts, and (3) the extension of the education scope throughout the earth system. There will be positive impacts on communication, participation, and lifelong learning skills through geopark education.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.115-128
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• 2019

Lactic acid bacteria obtained from traditional Kimchi were selected on the basis of their caseinolytic activity and lactose usability and examined for availability as a starter in probiotic activity. Thirty-two strains were selected as lactic acid producing bacteria in BCP agar, and two strains (KC23 and KF26) with more than 90% resistance for both acid and bile salts were selected. The two strains were identified as L. plantarum (KC23) and L. paracasei (KF26) by API 50 CHL system and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. L. plantarum (KC23) was finally selected based on its biochemical characteristics for lactose and raffinose usability. Free tyrosine content increased rapidly in 10% skimmed milk medium, from $24.1{\mu}g/mL$ after 8 h to $43.9{\mu}g/mL$ after 16 h. Additionally, the caseinolytic clear zone of 12 mm of L. plantarum (KC23) was greater than the 9 mm zone of commercial L. acidophilus CSLA. The bacterium exhibited mesophilic growth and yielded $8.9{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ when incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 12 h at pH 4.25. Moreover, L. plantarum KC23 exhibited antibacterial activity as it formed a clear zone of 8-13 mm for the 5 pathogens. Adherent activity was 2.23 fold higher than that of LGG. The acidity of 10% skimmed milk fermented for 12 h was 0.74%.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.150-167
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• 2021

Since the advent of tertiary curriculum, middle school history education has been focused on political history, but many students perceive history as a simple memorization subject and complain about difficulties in abstract learning. The researcher saw this problem as caused by the history curriculum, and carried out this study for the purpose of proposing a revitalization of cultural property education in the middle school history curriculum. First, through the analysis of prior research, the usefulness of cultural property education, such as nurturing creative talent and realizing interactive history classes, was revealed, and the problems of the current political history-centered middle school history curriculum were pointed out. Afterwards, as a result of conducting an opinion survey on middle school 3rd grade students and social studies teachers, it was found that first, both middle school students and their teachers thought that the current political history-centered history had much room for improvement. Second, all groups agreed on the necessity of cultural property education in history education. However, in reality, it was found that it was not easy to sufficiently educate students about cultural property in a political history-centered curriculum. Third, teachers thought that it was necessary to improve the current history curriculum in order to enhance cultural property education. Based on these findings, the researcher suggested an improvement plan for the 2015 revised history curriculum. First, in the 'nature of the subject' section, cultural properties and historical materials should be included, and in the 'objective' section, politics, economy, society, and culture should be included. Contents related to cultural properties should be added to the sub-themes in the 'content system and achievement standards', and cultural properties-related contents should be further reinforced in the achievement standards, 'teaching, learning and evaluation'. It was suggested that this section should include cultural property learning and historical material learning, and guidance on teaching and learning methods of cultural property education should be added. If these aspects are reflected in the 2022 revised curriculum that is currently being developed, cultural property education will be improved, and more lively history education will be provided to students.