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Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria with Probiotic Activities from Kimchi and Their Fermentation Properties in Milk

전통 김치로부터 Probiotic 유산균의 분리 및 우유 발효 특성

  • 임영순 ((주)서울에프엔비 식품연구소) ;
  • 김지연 ((주)서울에프엔비 식품연구소) ;
  • 강현철 ((주)서울에프엔비 식품연구소)
  • Received : 2019.05.08
  • Accepted : 2019.06.20
  • Published : 2019.06.30

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria obtained from traditional Kimchi were selected on the basis of their caseinolytic activity and lactose usability and examined for availability as a starter in probiotic activity. Thirty-two strains were selected as lactic acid producing bacteria in BCP agar, and two strains (KC23 and KF26) with more than 90% resistance for both acid and bile salts were selected. The two strains were identified as L. plantarum (KC23) and L. paracasei (KF26) by API 50 CHL system and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. L. plantarum (KC23) was finally selected based on its biochemical characteristics for lactose and raffinose usability. Free tyrosine content increased rapidly in 10% skimmed milk medium, from $24.1{\mu}g/mL$ after 8 h to $43.9{\mu}g/mL$ after 16 h. Additionally, the caseinolytic clear zone of 12 mm of L. plantarum (KC23) was greater than the 9 mm zone of commercial L. acidophilus CSLA. The bacterium exhibited mesophilic growth and yielded $8.9{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ when incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 12 h at pH 4.25. Moreover, L. plantarum KC23 exhibited antibacterial activity as it formed a clear zone of 8-13 mm for the 5 pathogens. Adherent activity was 2.23 fold higher than that of LGG. The acidity of 10% skimmed milk fermented for 12 h was 0.74%.

본 연구는 전통 김치로부터 유단백질 분해능과 lactose 분해능을 가지는 유산균을 선발하고, 프로바이오틱 활성을 측정하여 발효유용 스타터로서의 이용가능성을 조사하였다. BCP agar에서 젖산생성력이 우수한 32 colony를 선발한 후 내산성 및 내담즙성 모두에서 90% 이상으로 내성이 우수한 2 colony(KC23, KF26)를 2차로 선발하였다. 이들을 대상으로 API 50CHL 탄수화물 이용성 테스트 및 16S rRNA 염기서열을 분석한 결과, L. plantarum KC23과 L. paracasei KF26으로 동정되었다. 이들 중 lactose와 raffinose를 포함하여 당분해능을 가진 L. plantarum KC23을 최종 선발하고 프로바이오틱 활성을 조사하였다. 우유단백질 분해능을 10% 환원탈지유 배양 중의 유리 tyrosine 함량으로 측정한 결과, 배양 8시간 후에는 $24.1{\mu}g/mL$에서 배양 16시간 후에는 $43.9{\mu}g/mL$로 급격하게 증가되었으며, 또한 clear zone형성 크기를 비교한 결과 12 mm로 상업균주인 L. acidophilus CSLA의 9 mm보다 우수한 특성을 보였다. 온도별 생장특성을 확인한 결과는 $45^{\circ}C$에서 보다 $35^{\circ}C$에서 잘 증식하는 중온균의 특성을 나타내었고, $37^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 동안 배양한 결과 배양 6-10시간 사이에 대수증식기를 보였으며, 배양 12시간 후 생균수는 $8.9{\times}10^8CFU/mL$와 pH 4.25 수준을 나타내었다. 항균활성을 측정한 결과는 5개 병원성균에 대하여 8-13 mm의 clear zone을 형성하여 우수한 저해특성을 보였으며, 그중 Salmonella typhimurium과 Bacillus cereus에 대한 항균활성이 가장 우수하였다. 장내부착능을 측정한 결과는 비교균주인 LGG에 비하여 2.23배의 우수한 결과를 보였으며, 10% 환원탈지유를 이용한 $37^{\circ}C$ 배양에서 젖산생성능을 확인한 결과는 대조군인 L. acidophilus CSLA에 비하여 다소 낮은 경향을 보였지만, 적정산도가 0.74% 수준으로서 저산성 발효유 제조를 위한 스타터로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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