Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
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Investigation and Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Materials used in Buildings

건축물에 사용된 석면함유물질(ACMs)의 조사 및 위해성 평가

  • Kim, Hong-Kwan (Program in ET&ST Convergence, Inha University Graduate School) ;
  • Chon, Young Woo (Program in ET&ST Convergence, Inha University Graduate School) ;
  • Roh, Young Man (Song Hyeon Chemical Consulting Co) ;
  • Hong, Seung-Han (Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Chi-Nyon (Institute for Occupational Health & Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University) ;
  • Lee, Ik-Mo (Department of chemistry, Inha University)
  • 김홍관 (인하대학교 대학원 환경안전융합전공) ;
  • 천영우 ;
  • 노영만 (송현켐컨설팅) ;
  • 홍승한 (연세대학교 의과대학 환경공해연구소) ;
  • 김치년 (연세대학교 보건대학원 및 산업보건연구소) ;
  • 이익모 (인하대학교 화학과)
  • Received : 2017.11.06
  • Accepted : 2018.03.06
  • Published : 2018.03.30
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Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to research the usage characteristics of asbestos-containing building materials and to conduct exposure risk assessment by applying no. 2016-230 "Methods of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings" from the Ministry of Environment. Methods: One hundred buildings located in the Seoul and Gyeonggi-Incheon area were chosen, with 29 in Seoul, 20 in Incheon, and 51 in Gyeonggi-do Province. The year of construction was divided between three buildings in the 1970s, 11 buildings in the 1980s, 42 buildings in the 1990s, and 44 buildings in the 2000s. The bulk samples were analyzed by using a polarizing microscope after a pre-process using a stereomicroscope in a hood with an HEPA filter. This study defined ACMs(asbestos-containing materials) as asbestos when the content percentage was over 1% in the analysis result. Methods and standards of risk assessment of asbestos-containing building materials were conducted by refering to no. 2016-230 "Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings" from the Ministry of Environment. The risk of exposure to ACMs was rated by a score based on three categories(high, middle, low risk of asbestos exposure). Results: In this study, 30 of the 100 buildings and 36 of the 416 bulk samples(8.6%) were found to have had asbestos. Asbestos was detected at a high rate, in 18 out of 42, in buildings constructed in the 1990s and at the lowest rate(7 out of 44) for buildings constructed in the 2000s. As a result of the evaluation according to no. 2016-230 "Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings" of the Ministry of Environment, the risk assessment level of two asbestos-containing building materials was found to be "Medium", and 28 buildings materials were found to be at the "Low" level. Conclusion: As asbestos is regulated by the government, it is required to conduct active management and implemention by introducing methods of risk assessment of asbestos exposure that are supported by data from various situations. In the case of buildings owned by individuals, building owners should be aware of the risk of exposure to asbestos.

Objectives:본 연구의 목적은 석면함유물질의 사용 특성을 조사하고, "환경부고시 제2016-230호 석면건축물의 위해성 평가 방법"을 적용하여 위해성평가를 실시하였다. Methods:서울 및 경인지역에 위치한 건축물 100개소를 선정하였으며, 지역의 구분은 서울 29개, 인천 20개, 경기 51개이다. 건축연도는 1970년대 3개, 1980년대 11개, 1990년대 42개, 2000년대 44개로 구분하여 조사하였다. 고형시료의 분석은 고효율 필터가 부착된 후드 내에서 입체현미경을 이용하여 전처리 과정을 거쳐 편광현미경으로 분석하였으며, 분석결과가 함유율 1% 초과인 경우에 석면함유물질(Asbestos-Containing Materials, ACMs)을 석면으로 규정하였다. 석면건축자재의 위해성 평가 방법 및 기준은 "환경부고시 제2016-230호 석면건축물의 위해성 평가 방법"을 참고하여 석면함유물질에 노출된 위해성 등급은 세 가지 단계(높음, 중간, 낮음)로 평가하였다. Results: 건축물 100개소 중 30개소, 고형시료 416개 중 36개(8.6%)에서 석면함유물질이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 1990년대에 지어진 건축물 42개 중 18개에서 석면이 높은 비율로 검출되었으며, 2000년대에 지어진 건물 44개 중 7개에서 가장 낮은 비율로 검출되었다. "환경부고시 제2016-230호 석면건축물의 위해성 평가 방법"에 따라 평가를 실시한 결과, 2개 건축자재의 위해성평가 등급은 "중간"으로 나타났으며, 28개의 건축자재는 "낮음" 으로 나타났다. Conclusion: 석면은 정부에 의해 규제되고 있어 적극적으로 관리를 하여야 하고, 다양한 상황에서 얻은 데이터가 뒷받침하는 석면 노출 위해성 평가방법을 도입하여 시행이 필요할 것이다. 개인이 소유하고 있는 건물의 경우 건축주가 석면 노출의 위해성을 인지하고 있어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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