• 제목/요약/키워드: Content Regulation System

검색결과 113건 처리시간 0.033초

Criminal And Legal Protection Of Information Relations

  • Manzhai, Oleksandr;Kuryliuk, Yurii;Miroshnykov, Ivan;Syiploki, Mykola;Vazhynskyi, Volodymyr
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.284-288
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    • 2022
  • The article analyzes the regulations of current criminal law, which ensures the protection and protection of information relations, offers the optimal model of the system of norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which establishes liability for violation of information. The subject of the article is protected information, which should include information or data, the procedure for access to and distribution of which, regardless of the method of submission, storage or organization, are subject to legal regulation in accordance with laws and regulations. For the purposes of criminal law, information as an object of criminal law protection should be classified on the following grounds: depending on the content: personal or family secrets; information constituting a state secret; data included in the official secret; information that constitutes a professional secret; information that constitutes a commercial, tax, banking secret, and, depending on the medium - documented and undocumented.

아연수준이 카드뮴을 투여한 흰쥐의 항산화 효소게에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Zinc Levels on Free Radical Generating System in Cadmium Treated Rats)

  • 조수열;김명주;이미경
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.725-730
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    • 1994
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary zinc (Zn) and/or cadmium (Cd) on hepatic microsomal and cytosol enzyme activities. Male Spraque-Dawley rats (110$\pm$10g ) received zinc (0, 30 and 300 ppm/) and Cd-treated groups were administered oral intubation with Cd chloride (5.0mg/kg of body weight 0 at the same time once a week. The effect of Cd on the activity of hepatic cytochromep-450 , xanthine oxidase(X. O) and superoxide dismutase (SOd) was studied in rats. Cd oral intubation resulted in a decrease in cytochrome P-450 content and SOD activity whereas a significant increase in the X.O. activity was observed was observed . Intake of excessive Zn led to an increased activity of microsomal alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) , whereas Zn deficiency group led to a decreased group. The mechanism by which Zn induces the decreasing of Cd toxicity in rats, seems to rely on the protection of the enzyme systems P-450, ADH, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and X.O. in the liver, possibly by forming non-toxic Cd metallothionein. These results indicate that Zn and Cd regulation might occur via inhibitory protein component of the $H_2O$$_2$ -generator system.

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Regulation of Apoptosis by Nitrosative Stress

  • Kim, Ki-Mo;Kim, Peter K.M.;Kwon, Young-Guen;Bai, Se-Kyung;Nam, Woo-Dong;Kim, Young-Myeong
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.127-133
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    • 2002
  • Nitrosative stress can prevent or induce apoptosis. It occurs via S-nitrosylation by the interaction of nitric oxide (NO) with the biological thiols of proteins. Cellular redox potential and non-heme iron content determine S-nitrosylation. Apoptotic cell death is inhibited by S-nitrosylation of the redox-sensitive thiol in the catalytic site of caspase family proteases, which play an essential role in the apoptotic signal cascade. Nitrosative stress can also promote apoptosis by the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, such as the release of cytochrome c, an apoptosis-inducing factor, and endonuclease G from mitochondria, as well as the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ activity. In this article we reviewed the mechanisms whereby S-nitrosylation and nitrosative stress regulate the apoptotic signal cascade.

외부 심사원을 통한 건설업 KOSHA 18001 활용도 개선에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Improvement of KOSHA 18001 Utilization in Construction Industry associated with the External Evaluator)

  • 이진섭;이동율;오태근
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.135-141
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    • 2015
  • At the end of 2014, ordering organizations, 25 general contractors and 80 specialty contractors were certified by the KOSHA 18001 for the establishment of safety & health management system. However, safety management departments in the certified companies have been disrupted due to the financial difficulty and CEO's indifference, which has resulted in the cancellation of more than 30% of the certifications. Furthermore, the KOSHA 18001 due to the shortage of internal evaluators in KOSHA and the increase of applications for new certification & the extension of the certification is placed in a difficult situation in the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the KOSHA 18001 by solutions such as introducing outside evaluators, which is the key point of this study. This study was performed through the questionnaire survey & the interviews with the construction companies, ordering organization and KOSHA 18001 specialists The content is centered on the introduction of external evaluators. As a result, the introduction of external evaluators is necessary through amending certification regulation because only internal evaluators cannot afford to process all the new application and the extension of existing certifications.

中國通用航空立法若干問題研究 (Some Issues on China General Aviation Legislation)

  • 란상
    • 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.99-143
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    • 2016
  • General aviation and air transport are two wings of the civil aviation industry. Chinese air transport is developing rapidly, and has become the world second air transport system only second to US since 2005. However, Chinese civil aviation is far behind the world average level, and cannot meet requirements of economic construction and social development. The transition and structural adjustment of Chinese economy provide the general aviation with a unprecedented broad market. The prospect of general aviation is promising and anticipated. The development of general aviation industry needs the legislative supports, and the current legislative conditions of Chinese general aviation are undoubtedly far behind the realistic requirements. Accelerating the legislation in Chinese general aviation industry requires scientific legislation concept. First, Legislation must promote development of general aviation industry. The general aviation will serves as a Chinese emerging industry that boosts domestic demand, promotes employment and expedite domestic economic development. We should, based on both the concept of promoting the industrial development of general aviation and national industrial planning, enact and rectify relative laws and regulations. And we should also straighten out the relationship between aviation security and industrial development and promote the revolution of low-altitude airspace management in an all-round way, in order to improve the utilization rate of airspace resources, classify and establish airspace, simplify examination and approval procedure and intensify operation management. In addition, what we should do is to expedite the infrastructure layout construction, guide the differentiated but coordinated development of general aviation industries in various areas, establish a united supervision mechanism of general aviation, redistrict the responsibilities of Chinese Air Control Agency and set up legislation, law enforcement and judicial systems with clarified institutions, clear positioning and classified responsibilities, so as to usher in a new era of the legislative management of Chinese general aviation industry. Second, shift the focus from regulations to both regulations and services. Considering the particularity of the general aviation, we should use American practices for reference and take into account both regulation and service functions when enacting general aviation laws. For example, we should reduce administrative licensing and market supervision, and adopt "criteria" and "approval" management systems for non-commercial and commercial aviation. Furthermore, pay attention to social benefits. Complete social rescuing mechanism through legislation. It should be clarified in legislation that general aviation operators should take the responsibilities of, and ensure to realize social benefits of environmental protection and ecological balance .Finally, rise in line with international standards. Modify Chinese regulations which is inconsistent with international ones to remove barriers to international cooperation. Specify basic legislative principles. One is the principle of coordination. Realize coordination between the civil aviation and general aviation, between military aviation and civil aviation, and among departments. Two is the principle of pertinence. The general aviation has its own rules and specialties, needing to be standardized using specialized laws and regulations. Three is the principle of efficiency. To realize time and space values of general aviation, we should complete rules in aerospace openness, general aviation airport construction, general aviation operations, and regulation enforcement. Four is the principle of security. Balance the maximum use of resources of Chinese airspace and the according potential threats to Chinese national interests and social security, and establish a complete insurance system which functions as security defense and indemnificatory measure. Establish a unified legal system. Currently, the system of Chinese general aviation laws consists of national legislation, administrative laws and regulations and civil aviation regulations (CAR). Some problems exist in three components of the system, including too general content, unclear guarantee measures, incomplete implementation details, and lacking corresponding pertinence and flexibility required by general aviation regulations, stringency of operation management and standards, and uniformity of standards. A law and regulation system, centered on laws and consisting of administrative laws regulations, industrial regulations, implementation details, industrial policies and local laws and regulations, should be established. It is suggested to modify the Civil Aviation Law to make general aviation laws complete, enact the Regulations of General Aviation Development, and accelerate the establishment, modification and abolition of Chinese general aviation laws to intensify the coordination and uniformity of regulations.

Enhanced Expression of Angiotensinogen mRNA in Rat Central and Peripheral Tissues Following Hemorrhage

  • Do, Eun-Ju;Yang, Eun-Kyoung;Kim, Kyung-Soon;Kim, Suk-Hee;Park, Yoon-Yub;Ahn, Dong-Kuk;Park, Jae-Sik;Lee, Won-Jung
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.259-267
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    • 1995
  • The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and in body fluid homeostasis. There is increasing evidence for generation of endogenous angiotensin II in many organs and for its role in paracrine functions. Studies were designed to investigate whether hemorrhage produces rapid changes in the gene expression of angiotensinogen in peripheral and brain tissues. Wistar rats received saline drinking water for 7 days, were bled at a rate of $3\;ml\;kg^{-1}\;min^{-1}$ for 7 min, and then decapitated 0, 2, 4, 8, or 24 hr after hemorrhage. Hemorrhage produced a produced hypotension with tachycardia at $2{\pm}8\;hr$, but blood pressure and heart rate had not fully recovered to the basal level at 24 hr. Plasma renin concentration was significantly increased at 2, 4, and 8 hr (maximum sixfold increase at 4 hr) and had returned to the basal level at 24 hr. Renal renin content was significantly increased only at 4 hr after hemorrhage. Angiotensinogen mRNA in both the kidney and liver were stimulated at 2 to 8 hrs, but recovered to the basal level at 24 hr. On the other hand, angiotensinogen mRNA levels il the hypothalamus and brainstem were continuously increased from 2 to 24 hrs. The present study demonstrates the presence of angiotensinogen mRNA in both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, and more importantly, their up-regulation after hemorrhage. These results suggest that the angiotensinogen-generating systems in the liver, kideny and brain are, at least in part, under independent control and play a local physiological role.

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게임물 등급분류제도의 국제 비교 연구 (A Global Comparative Study on the Game Rating System)

  • 김성원;이환수;정해상
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.91-108
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    • 2019
  • 게임은 세계인의 보편적인 여가문화로 자리 잡게 되었다. 그러나 게임 산업 발전에 따른 여러 긍정적인 영향과 함께 청소년들에게 악영향을 미치거나, 범죄 행위를 조장하는 등의 다양한 사회적 문제 또한 초래하고 있다. 이러한 영향을 최소화하기 위해서 세계 각 국가에서는 아동·청소년부터 일반 대중에게까지 연령과 사회적 가치에 적절한 게임물을 제공할 수 있도록 게임물 등급분류제도를 운용하고 있다. 게임이라는 새로운 디지털 콘텐츠에 대한 제도인 만큼 아직 등급분류 제도의 한계점은 여전히 많은 연구들에서 논의되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내를 포함하여 다양한 국가의 게임등급분류제도를 조사하여 글로벌 게임규제 현황을 고찰한다. 또한 우리나라의 게임물 등급분류제도와 다른 국가의 등급분류제도를 비교분석하여 우리의 제도가 보다 적절하게 개선될 수 있는 방향을 제시한다. 본 연구 결과는 국내 게임물 등급분류제도의 실효성 확보와 표준화에 기여할 것이다.

백색 완두유묘의 IAA분해효소계에 미치는 저온의 영향 (Effects of low temperature on the IAA degradation system in etiolated pea(Pisum sativum L. var. Sparkle) seedlings)

  • 박노동;신용광;김광식;박창규
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.125-128
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    • 1990
  • 저온에서 완두유묘 줄기의 유리 IAA 수준과 그 전구체인 트립토판 수준이 저하하므로, IAA수준의 조절 메커니즘을 규명하기 위하여 IAA분해효소계에 미치는 저온의 영향을 조사하였다. $25^{\circ}C$에서 키운 백색 관두유표를 $5^{\circ}C$의 저온으로 옮기면 IAA oxidase와 peroxidase의 수준은 증가하였으며 catalase의 수준은 저하되었고 과산화수소는 축적되어, 전체적으로 IAA분해계가 저온에서 강화되었다. 저온에 놓였던 유묘를 상온으로 옮기면 IAA 분해계는 다시 대조구 수준으로 회복하였다.

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국내 사이버대학교 웹사이트 평가 및 개선방안 연구 (A Study on the Website Evaluation and Improvement of Korean Cyber University Websites)

  • 문태은;문형남
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.137-156
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구의 목적은 국내 사이버대학의 웹사이트 평가를 실시하여 웹 사용성(Web Usability)과 웹 접근성(Web Accessibility)을 분석하고, 사이버대가 웹사이트 상에서 이용자들에게 얼마만큼의 다양한 개인화 서비스와 양질의 콘텐츠들을 제공하는가를 분석하고 개선방안을 제시함으로써 웹사이트의 질적 향상을 도모하고 원격교육의 신뢰성에 기여 하고자 하는데 있다. 이를 위해 문형남(2001)의 SM-ABCDE 평가모델을 적용하여 원격대학에 알맞은 44항목의 체크리스트를 개발하고, 17개 사이버대학교 웹사이트에 대하여 고객흡인력(Attraction : A), 비즈니스(Business : B), 콘텐츠(Content : C), 디자인 및 사이트구성(Design : D), 기술평가(Engineering : E)의 다섯 분야에 대하여 웹사이트 평가를 실시하였다. 평가결과 Attraction 부분에서는 부산디지털대학, Business 부분에서는 공동으로 경희사이버대학과 사이버외국어대학이 가장 우수하게 평가 되었으며, Content 부분에서는 경희사이버대학, 디자인부분에서는 한양사이버대학이 가장 우수하게 평가 되었다. 종합적으로 경희사이버대학교, 부산사이버대학교, 한양사이버대학교 순으로 우수하게 평가 되었다. 그러나 Engineering 부분에서는 모든 사이트가 웹 접근성 준수 수칙을 제대로 지키고 있지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구 결과를 토대로 하여 국내 사이버대학들이 장기적인 안목으로 웹 접근성을 잘 준수해 나간다면 웹 사용성이 높아지므로 비장애인뿐만 아니라 장애인 등 기타 다양한 계층의 이용 고객을 확보하게 됨으로써 사이버대학의 발전과 나아가서는 지식정보사회에서 앞선 교육 방식을 지향하는 명실상부한 교육기관으로 자리 잡을 수 있을 것이다.

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공공정보자원에서의 인터넷 필터링에 관한 연구 (A Study of Internet Filtering for Public Information Resources)

  • 김유승
    • 한국문헌정보학회지
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.111-133
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    • 2007
  • 인터넷 상의 불법 유해 정보의 존재는 규제 당국뿐만 아니라 공공도서관과 학교를 비롯하여, 인터넷 서비스를 제공하는 모든 공공정보자원에서 큰 고민거리가 되어온 지 오래다. 특히 현대 정보사회에서 정보자원의 조직과 정보의 공개, 제공 및 이용서비스를 주 임무로 하고 있는 공공도서관의 경우 도서관 이용자들에 대한 인터넷 서비스의 제공은 필수적이라 할 수 있다는 측면에서 인터넷 정보를 둘러싼 규제 환경의 변화는 공공도서관 서비스 전반에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 1990년대 중반부터 본격화된 인터넷 정보에 대한 규제는 인터넷의 고유한 매체특성으로 인하여 법제도적 규제와 함께 기술적 규제 방식이 적극적으로 활용되어 왔다. 그러나 기술적 규제 방식 또한 각 나라마다. 매우 다양한 모습으로 발전하여 왔고, 더욱이 도서관 등과 같은 공공정보자원에서의 기술 규제는 표현의 자유와 알권리, 정보접근원의 침해라는 비판을 받아왔다. 이 글은 인터넷 규제와 표현의 자유에 대한 이론적 논의들로 시작하여, 인터넷에 대한 기술적 규제 방식으로 폭넓게 활용되고 있는 필터링 소프트웨어의 기술적 측면을 살피고, 인터넷 필터링을 중심으로 한 각국의 규제 양상을 비교 분석한다. 이를 통해 공공정보자원에서의 인터넷 필터링을 둘러싼 문제들에 대해 비판적으로 논의하고자 한다.