• IE interfaces
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 1998

A decision support system is introduced for the efficient operation of port container terminals. It consists of ship planning subsystem, yard planning subsystem, resource management subsystem, real-time control subsystem, and simulation subsystem. The system is intended to support the planning process of the planners and the operation process of the administrators in the container terminals. It is assumed that the transfer cranes and the yard tractor/trailers are used to handle containers in the marshaling yard. The system is explained in terms of the functions of each subsystem and the data flows among various subsystems.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.28-40
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• 2010

One of the most important objectives of the schedules in a container terminal is to minimize the ship operation time, which consists of discharging and loading operation times. Recently, dual cycling techniques have been used for improving terminal operations, especially for reducing the total empty trips of handling equipment. The main focus of this study is to reduce the empty trip times of yard trucks with minimum delays for ship operations. A heuristic algorithm, modified from a previous algorithm, is proposed to solve this problem. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the effect of different types of discharging and loading schedules and different locating methods for discharging containers in terms of the performance of the system, including the percentage of the dual cycle operations of yard trucks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.443-449
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• 2004

In this paper, we established a simulation model for transport vehicle that carries the container transportation between apron and yard block on automated container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. Usually, the efficiency of container terminal is evaluated by productivity of container cranes at apron, and though there are enough support of transport vehicles and yard cranes, can improve the productivity of container cranes. Especially, transport vehicle is very important factor in productivity of container cranes and has variable work productivity according to loading and unloading situation of container cranes. Therefore, a method that can estimate work productivity of transport vehicle efficiently is required. We analyzed work productivity of transport vehicle using simulation model that has state transition of transport vehicle. We performed various simulation experiment and analyzed work productivity of transport vehicle and calculated the required number of transport vehicle by container crane additionally.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.157-172
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• 2012

In most container terminals, containers are piled up and stored in a yard in order to utilize the space efficiently. Hence, it requires unproductive container-handling operations to retrieve a container that is not placed on the top of a container stack. As a result, to streamline container-loading operations by which containers are transferred from a yard to a vessel, it is necessary to pre-marshal (i.e., shuffle in advance) containers in accordance with container-loading plan. We propose $A^*$ algorithm to find the optimal container-relocation sequence for the intra-bay container pre-marshalling problem. To work out the heuristic estimate for the proposed $A^*$ algorithm, we introduce the container rearrangement problem and obtain the lower bound of the length of the optimal relocation sequence. The performance of the algorithm is validated extensively by the numerical experiments on the problem instances that are given in the previous studies and generated randomly with various parameters.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.3 s.109
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• pp.203-209
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• 2006

Maritime transport has been occupying the biggest part of the container transportation market. With regard to container terminal management, the planning technology and the space allocation system on the yard are very significant factors to secure the stability of ship and to ensure the reliability of schedules of ship throughout keeping barycenter of vessel by right loading and fast handling of cargoes. The purposes of this paper are to illustrate the existing yard management systems such as Grouping method and Random Grounding method, and then to evaluate and compare the efficiency of yard availability between the existing management system(Grouping method) and Random Grouping which uses the forecasted inbound cargo volume at the gate by Time Base Operation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.10 s.96
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• pp.891-897
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• 2004

This paper provided a simulation model for transport vehicles that carry container from the ship to yard block and vice versa at automated container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. Usually, the efficiency of container terminal is evaluated by the productivity of container cranes at apron, and the stevedoring system for transport vehicles and yard cranes should be supported enough to improve productivity of container cranes. Especially, transport vehicle is very important factor in the productivity of container cranes and the performance of transport vehicles are changed according to the number and traveling type of vehicles. For these reason, a method that can estimate productivity of transport vehicle is required Finally, we developed the simulation model to analyze the productivity of transport vehicle and presented the productivity of container cranes for a varying operation of transport vehicles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.64-71
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• 2000

Yard cranes are very useful equipments for handling of heavy containers. But rope-driven yard cranes must have a little of sway and skew motion because ropes are passive mechanical device. So many researches have been concentrated on anti-sway algorithm controlling trolley speed. These approaches require sway angle. But it is very difficult to know sway angle and its derivative. Therefore control algorithm of trolley speed is not practical in general. On the contrary, control strategy using auxiliary rope is very useful to sway control of yard crane because rope length is shorter than quay-side container cranes. In this paper, we derive equations of motion of trolley system which have anti-sway controller to use auxiliary rope. And we propose the control strategy and analyse the behavior of the proposed system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.143-151
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• 2000

Yard cranes are very useful equipments for handling of heavy containers. But rope-driven yard cranes must have a little of sway and skew motion because ropes are passive mechanical device. So many researches have been concentrated on anti-sway algorithm controlling trolley speed. These approaches require sway angle. But it is very difficult to know sway angle and its derivative. Therefore control algorithm of trolley speed is not practical in general. On the contrary, control strategy using auxiliary rope is very useful to sway control of yard crane because rope length is shorter than quay-side container cranes. In this paper, we derive equations of motion of trolley system which have anti-sway controller to use auxiliary rope. And we propose the control strategy and analyse the behavior of the proposed system.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2011

During the design process of a terminal, the handling capacity of a container yard needs to be evaluated in advance. This study suggests formulas for estimating the expectations and the variances of cycle times for various types of operations of a yard crane. Statistical analysis is used to estimate the expectations and variances. The main focus of this study is to show the impact of interdependencies among handling time elements on the expectation and variance of the cycle times; these interdependencies have not been considered in previous studies. Numerical experiments are done for evaluating the difference in the variance of cycle times and the waiting of trucks between the cases with and without the consideration of interdependencies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3163-3169
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• 2009

To secure superiority in keen competition among ports and to satisfy demands of shippers and shipping companies who are a main customer of ports, logistics service should be improved. However, most of dissatisfaction for logistics service arises from frequent transportation changes of shippers and inaccuracy of cargo-working information offered from shipping companies and inaccuracy of cargo information carried in from carriers. Therefore, the study embodied BPR and yard management prototype system on the basis of the process of business flow in yard to settle the above problems. The study also checked that information of booking list in a yard-allocated plan could be applied to forming efficient collaborative supply networking in yard management by supplementing insufficient cargo.