• 한국항만학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-73
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• 1988

Since the middle of 1950's when sea transportation service by container ship was established, containerization has been rapidly spread over the world with realization of intermodalism, and becomes an index of economy growth of a country. Our country has established Pusan Container Terminal at Pusan harbour in 1978 in step with worldwide trend of containerization, and is constructing New Container Terminal at Pusan outharbour which will be completed in 1990. This paper aims to make a quantitative analysis of the Pusan Container Terminal system through the computer simulation, especially focusing on its subsystems such as ship stevedoring system, storage system and transfer system. First, the capacity of various subsystems are evaluated and it is checked whether the current operation is being performed effectively through the computer simulation. Secondly, the suggestion is presented to improve the operation by considering the throughput that Pusan Container Terminal will have to accept until 1990, when New Container Terminal will be completed. The results are as follows ; 1) As the inefficiency is due to the imbalance between various subsystems at Pusan Container Terminal on the basis of about 1.2 million TEU of container traffic, transfer equipment level must be up to 33% for transfer crane, and free period must be reduced into 4/5 days for export/import. 2) On the basis of about 1.4 million TEU of container traffic, transfer equipment level must be up to $12\%$ for gantry crane, $11\%$ for straddle carrier and $66\%$ for transfer crane, and free period must be reduced into 3/4 days for export/import. 3) On the basis of about 1.7 million TEU of container traffic, transfer equipment level must be up to $25\%$ for gantry crane, $28\%$ for straddle carrier and $100\%$ for transfer crane, and free period must be reduced into 3/4 days for export/import. 4) On the basis of about 2 million TEU of container traffic, transfer equipment level must be up to $25\%$ for gantry crane, $30\%$ for straddle carrier and $110\%$ for transfer crane, and free period must be reduced into 2/3 days for export/import, and it is necessary to enlarge storage yard.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.1112-1118
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• 2004

Automated container terminals have been developed over the world years and many countries are interested in them because the amount of containers exported or imported is rapidly increasing. The conventional container terminals were not designed to handle this kind of heavily many containers. They would face many structural problems soon or later, although they have been managed to do well so far. One of the most important things in automated container terminal is the handing equipments able to transfer many containers efficiently. Those are maybe automated transfer cranes, automatic guided vehicles and automated quay-side cranes. The word 'automated' means the equipment is operated without drivers and those equipments are able to work without any interruption in working schedule. Through the researches on the conventional transfer cranes, we decided that the structure of conventional transfer cranes is not proper in automated container terminal and it is not possible to handle so many container in limited time. Therefore we have been studying on the proper structure of the automated container for past several years and a new type of transfer cranes has been developed. Design concept and control method of the new crane are introduced and experimental results are presented in this paper.his paper.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.998-1007
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• 2013

At container terminals, a major measurement of productivity can be work efficiency. For improving the productivity of container crane, the more efficient container yard operation method is necessary in container terminals. Recently, container terminal operators make an experiment on the dual cycle operation, which ship loading/unloading were carried out simultaneously, for increasing the productivity of container crane. In this paper, propose a system operating efficient dual cycle methods as utilize Ad-hoc technology in distributed port operation system. The dual cycle methods that proposed recognizes position information of Y/T during an action in Ad-hoc networks in case of container transfer works by real time as load an Ad-hoc module to Y/T taking charge of a container transfer with quay and yard. Utilize Ad-hoc networks technology in an operating system of container yard, and efficiently distributed processing done Y/T to container crane compare with operation systems of the existing dedicated method, and an improvement can do an operating system of an yard.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 항만 자동화를 위해 새로이 제안된 리니어 모터 기반 컨테이너 이송시스템에 지능제어기법을 이용하여 그 정밀도를 향상시키고자 한다. LMCTS(Linear Motor-based Container Transfer System)는 스케일의 거대함 때문에 일반 리니어 모터에서 중요시 되지 않는 정지마찰력과 디텐트럭(detent force)이 정밀제어에 큰 문제가 된다. 특히, 컨테이너 적제유무에 따라 시스템 자체가 급격히 변하므로 기존의 PID형 제어기로는 좋은 성능을 얻기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 같은 구조를 갖는 두 개의 DR-FNN(Dynamically- constructed Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network)를 제어기와 에뮬레이터로 구성하여 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 하였다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2004

In this paper, we will introduce a control strategy based on the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) container transfer system using soft-computing algorithm. Linear motor-based container transport system (LMCTS) is horizontal transfer system for the yard automation, which has been proposed to take the place of automated guided vehicle in the maritime container terminal. LMCTS is considered as that the system is changed its model suddenly and variously by loading and unloading container. The proposed control system is consisted of two DR-FNNs that act the role of controller and system emulator. Consequently, the system had the predictable structure and an ability to adapt for a huge variation of rolling friction, detent force, and sudden changes of its weight by loading and unloading.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2008

In this paper, we introduced a linear motor-based transfer system with an active pid controller which can be replaced with an automated guided vehicle (AGV) for the port automation. This system, which is named LMCTS(liner motor-based container transfer system), is based on PMLSM (permanent magnetic linear synchronous motor) which basically consists of stator modules on the rail and shuttle car. Therefore more progressive and adaptive control mechanisms should be required to control a system with large variation of container weight, the difference of each characteristic of stator modules, a stator module's trouble etc. We introduced an active control mechanism with an online tuning scheme using modified evolutionary strategy. Some computer simulations are implemented to assess the robustness of the proposed system.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1479-1482
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• 2004

LMTT (Linear Motor-based Transfer Technology) is horizontal transfer system in the maritime container terminal for the port automation. The system is driven by PMLSM (Permanent Magnetic Linear Synchronous Motor) that is consists of stator modules on the rail and shuttle car. This paper investigates the effect of the drop height of container on impact reaction force of the Impact Absorber (IA) in shuttle car for LMTT. The results of this investigation are obtained from detailed finite element analysis for various parameters, such as the spring coefficient, the drop height of container.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1743-1746
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• 2003

Automated Container Terminals have been being developed over the world for many recent years and more and more countries get interested in it because the amount of containers exported or imported is steeply increasing. Existed Container Terminals were not designed to control this kind of heavily many containers. They would face many structural problems soon or later, although they have managed to do well until now. One of the most important things in developing Automated Container Terminal is to develop the equipment able to transfer the awfully many containers. Those are maybe Automated Transfer Cranes, Automated Guided Vehicles, and Automated Quay-Side Cranes. The word "Automated" means the equipment is operated without drivers and those equipments are able to work without taking any break. Through the researches on the existed transfer cranes, authors decided that the structure of existed transfer cranes is not proper to swift and fast transfer and it′s not impossible to handle so many containers in limited time. Therefore authors have been studying on the proper structure of the Automated Container Crane for past several years and a new type of transfer crane has been developed. Design concepts and control methods of a new crane will be introduced in this paper.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1287-1294
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• 2004

Automated container terminals have been being developed over the world for recent years and many countries are interested in it because the amount of containers exported or imported is rapidly increasing. The conventional container terminals were not designed to control this kind of heavily many containers. They would face many structural problems soon or later, although they have managed to do well so far. One of the most important things in developing automated container terminal is to develop the equipment able to handle many containers efficiently. Those are maybe automated transfer cranes, automatic guided vehicles, and automated quay-side cranes. The word 'automated' means the equipment is operated without drivers and those equipments are able to work without any interruption in working schedule. Through the researches on the conventional transfer cranes, we decided that the structure of the conventional transfer cranes is not efficient in automated container terminal and it's not possible to handle so many containers in limited time. Therefore we have been studying on the proper structure of the automated container crane for past several years and a new type of transfer crane has been developed. Design concept and control method of a new type of transfer crane had been presented in the previous paper: Part Ⅰ. Experimental features will be presented with a model transfer crane in this paper: Part Ⅱ.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1998년도 추계학술대회논문집:21세기에 대비한 지능형 통합항만관리
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• pp.51-58
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• 1998

This study is to define the Automated Container Terminal(ACT) and container terminal system. Also, we analyze the present condition of the container terminal system in Pusan port and its automation level by systems approach. And this paper aims at evaluating on the priority of R&D investment until the beginning of the second stage of New Pusan Port Project(2006). In this process we have considered 8 factors (cost, labor, area, time volume, reliability, safety, convenience) to analyze 6 subsystems. The priority order of R&D until target year by sub-systems is as follow : Cargo Handling System〉Transfer System〉Port Entry System〉Storage System(Distribution&Manufacturing System included)〉Inland Transport System〉Port Information System.