• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1060-1067
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• 2009

The authors have proposed a linear motor driven container crane system, in which the linear motor to drive trolley chassis is also used to control swaying motion of a hanging container. To utilize the proposed system, it is needed to develop a power saving control system for the linear drive system. In this paper, an integrated control system to minimize required electric power to drive a trolley chassis with the suppressed swaying motion of a hanged container, is proposed. The validity of the proposed control system is investigated by the simulation using Simulink.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1091-1096
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• 2010

This study was conducted to provide reference data for designing an alarm system that can help prevent the overturning of a container crane under wind load. Two methods, namely, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis and windtunnel test, were adopted in this investigation. To evaluate the effect of wind load on the stability of the crane, a 50-ton-class container crane that is widely used in container terminals was adopted as the analysis model and 19 values were considered as design parameters for wind direction. First, the wind-tunnel test for the reduced-scale container crane model was performed according to the wind direction by using an Eiffel type atmospheric boundary-layer wind tunnel. Next, the FSI analysis for the real-scale container crane was conducted using ANSYS and CFX. Then, the uplift force determined from the FSI analysis was compared with that determined from the wind-tunnel test. Finally, a formula to compensate for the difference between the results of the FSI analysis and the wind-tunnel test was proposed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.502-508
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• 2000

The amount of container freight is continuously increasing recently, but freight congestion problem frequently occurs at ports due to low efficiency of container crane in transportation and cargo handling. In this paper, a method for designing a fuzzy controller of the container crane system is presented. In this scheme a mathematical model for the system is obtained in state space representation. The response of the proposed fuzzy controller is compared with that of the optimal controller at the same condition. Through the simulation results, the performance of the fuzzy controller was observed better than that of optimal controller in respect of reference change, disturbances and parameter change. The fuzzy controller was also more stable and robust than the optimal controller.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.54-59
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• 2017

This paper presents an efficient finite analysis model and a simulation-based reliability analysis method for stowage device system failure of a container crane with respect to lateral load. A quasi-static analysis model is introduced to simulate the nonlinear resistance characteristics and failure of tie-down and stowage pin, which are the main structural stowage devices of a crane. As a reliability analysis method, a subset simulation method is applied considering the uncertainties of later load and mechanical characteristic parameters of stowage devices. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is applied to sample random variables. Analysis result shows that the proposed model is able to estimate the probability of failure of crane system effectively which cannot be calculated practically by crude Monte Carlo simulation method.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1287-1294
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• 2004

Automated container terminals have been being developed over the world for recent years and many countries are interested in it because the amount of containers exported or imported is rapidly increasing. The conventional container terminals were not designed to control this kind of heavily many containers. They would face many structural problems soon or later, although they have managed to do well so far. One of the most important things in developing automated container terminal is to develop the equipment able to handle many containers efficiently. Those are maybe automated transfer cranes, automatic guided vehicles, and automated quay-side cranes. The word 'automated' means the equipment is operated without drivers and those equipments are able to work without any interruption in working schedule. Through the researches on the conventional transfer cranes, we decided that the structure of the conventional transfer cranes is not efficient in automated container terminal and it's not possible to handle so many containers in limited time. Therefore we have been studying on the proper structure of the automated container crane for past several years and a new type of transfer crane has been developed. Design concept and control method of a new type of transfer crane had been presented in the previous paper: Part Ⅰ. Experimental features will be presented with a model transfer crane in this paper: Part Ⅱ.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.131.6-131
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• 2001

During the operation of crane system in container yard, it is necessary to control the crane trolley position and loop length so that the swing of the hanging container is minimized. Recently an automatic control system with high speed and rapid transportation is required. Therefore, we designed a controller to control the stacking crane system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.281-291
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• 1999

Productivity of container cranes and gantry cranes is influenced by the performance of crane hardware and cycle time. Cycle time in container handling is influenced by the path of containers and relative positioning of containers. So we have to minimize the sway of containers and spreaders to minimize relative positioning time. And sway minimization is influenced by the skill of workers in manual gantry cranes. In this paper, we will develop anti-sway system using mechanical and electrical method. Proposed hybrid system uses the basic structure of general manual gantry crane. So, it is very useful and effective. Electrical methods are main methods and mechanical methods are auxiliary methods.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.249-252
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• 1997

In this paper the sway-control problem of a container crane is investigated in the perspective of controlling an underactuated mechanical system. For fast loading/unloading of containers from the ship, quick suppression of the remaining swing motion of the container at the end of each trolley stroke is crucial. Known nonlinearities are fully incorporated by feedback linearization. Robustness is enhanced by variable structure control. Compared with the linear LQ control, much better performance can be obtained.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

The recent increase in earthquake activities has highlighted the importance of seismic performance evaluation for civil infrastructures. In particular, the container crane essential to maintaining the national logistics system with port operation requires an exact evaluation of its seismic response. Thus, this study aims to assess the seismic vulnerability of container cranes considering their seismic characteristics. The seismic response of the container crane should account for the structural members' yielding and buckling, as well as the crane wheel's uplifting derailment in operation. The crane's yielding and buckling limit states were defined using the stress of crane members based on the load and displacement curve obtained from nonlinear static analysis. The derailment limit state was based on the height of the rail, and nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to obtain the seismic fragility curves considering defined limit states and seismic characteristics. The yield and derailment probabilities of the crane in the near-fault ground motion were approximately 1.5 to 4.7 and 2.8 to 6.8 times higher, respectively, than those in the far-fault ground motion.

• IE interfaces
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2001

This paper describes the simulation study which estimates the container crane efficiency in container terminal. In most simulation studies, it is assumed that container cranes are available at any time. Though the failures of container cranes don't occur often, they are very serious problems on terminal efficiency. As usual, the failures of container crane cause arrived ships to delay the departure time. In this study, a queueing simulation model for container terminal, which focuses on the failures of container cranes, is designed. The simulation approach appears to be the most appropriate one because it allows to avoid the usual exponential assumption on interarrivals of ships and service times of container cranes. Using the developed model, we tested the efficiency of container cranes considering failures with a real system size and performed the simulation experiment on real container terminal to validate the developed simulation model. The results of simulation experiment were analyzed using output statistics, which include the waiting times of vessels and yard tractors, the utilization for container cranes, and the berth occupancy rates.