• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2000

뼈의 성장에 미치는 많은 요소들 중에서 implant의 상대적인 미세운동(relative micromotion)은 뼈의 implant와의 접합을 방해하는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 그런데 이러한 상대적인 운동 및 spinal stability에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 하중조건, spinal material의 물성치, spinal geometry 및 뼈와 implant의 접촉면에서의 마찰계수를 고려하기 위하여, 하나의 titanium interbody cage 가 삽입된 human lumbar segments (L4-L5)의 유한요소 모델이 개발되었다. 이러한 유한요소 모델의 해석을 통하여 상대적인 미세운동, Posterior의 수직적인 변위, von Mises 응력 및 마찰력이 예측되었다. Cancellous bone. annulus fibers 및 ligaments의 기계적인 물성치의 감소 또는 접촉면에서의 마찰계수의 감소는 상대적인 미세운동 (relative micromotion or slip distance)을 증가 시켰다. 접촉면에서의 normal force는 뼈의 밀도 (cancellous bone density) 가 감소하거나 접촉마찰계수가 증가하면 감소했다. 특히 하중조건에 있어서, compressive preload에 대한 torsion의 추가는 접촉면의 anterior부위에서 상대적인 미세운동을 증가 시켰다. 하지만 디스크면적이 증가할수록 상대적인 미세운동은 감소했다. 결론적으로, 접촉면의 기계공학적 거동 (Relative micromotion, stress response, posterior axial displacement and contact normal force)은 접촉면의 마찰계수 뼈의 밀도, 하중조건 및 노화에 따른 형상/물성의 변화에 매우 민감함을 보이고있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.295-313
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• 2016

In this study, the three-dimensional finite element method is used to determine the stress intensity factor in Mode I and Mixed mode of a centered crack in an aluminum specimen repaired by a composite patch using contour integral. Various mesh densities were used to achieve convergence of the results. The effect of adhesive joint thickness, patch thickness, patch-specimen interface and layer sequence on the SIF was highlighted. The results obtained show that the patch-specimen contact surface is the best indicator of the deceleration of crack propagation, and hence of SIF reduction. Thus, the reduction in rigidity of the patch especially at adhesive layer-patch interface, allows the lowering of shear and normal stresses in the adhesive joint. The choice of the orientation of the adhesive layer-patch contact is important in the evolution of the shear and peel stresses. The patch will be more beneficial and effective while using the cross-layer on the contact surface.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 유한요소해석법을 사용하여 V홈 오링의 밀봉거동과 내구 안전성에 관련된 변형률, 응력, 접촉법선응력 해석결과를 제시하고 있다. 밀봉거동과 내구 안전성에 관한 FEM 해석결과에 의하면, V홈 형상을 갖는 오링에 작용하는 최대변형률, 최대압축응력, 최대접촉법선응력은 기존의 오링에 비해 약 1.2배나 더 높게 나타났다. 이것은 오링이 두 개의 원형을 겹치도록 형성된 중간부에 V홈을 넣었기 때문에 가능한 것으로 판단되고, V홈 오링은 볼밸브, 압력용기, 가스기기의 밀봉을 하는데 매우 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그리고, V홈 오링에서 가스압력을 높여도 압출에 의한 파손현상이 발생되지 않았는데, 이것은 V홈이 형성되어 있기 때문이다. 따라서, V홈 오링은 기존 오링에 비해 밀봉수명을 연장시킬 수 있다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.189-207
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• 2023

In the present study, the thermoshearing experiment on a rough rock fracture were modeled using a three-dimensional grain-based distinct element model (GBDEM). The experiment was conducted by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology to investigate the progressive shear failure of fracture under the influence of thermal stress in a critical stress state. The numerical model employs an assembly of multiple polyhedral grains and their interfaces to represent the rock sample, and calculates the coupled thermo-mechanical behavior of the grains (blocks) and the interfaces (contacts) using 3DEC, a DEM code. The primary focus was on simulating the temperature evolution, generation of thermal stress, and shear and normal displacements of the fracture. Two fracture models, namely the mated fracture model and the unmated fracture model, were constructed based on the degree of surface matedness, and their respective behaviors were compared and analyzed. By leveraging the advantage of the DEM, the contact area between the fracture surfaces was continuously monitored during the simulation, enabling an examination of its influence on shear behavior. The numerical results demonstrated distinct differences depending on the degree of the surface matedness at the initial stage. In the mated fracture model, where the surfaces were in almost full contact, the characteristic stages of peak stress and residual stress commonly observed in shear behavior of natural rock joints were reasonably replicated, despite exhibiting discrepancies with the experimental results. The analysis of contact area variation over time confirmed that our numerical model effectively simulated the abrupt normal dilation and shear slip, stress softening phenomenon, and transition to the residual state that occur during the peak stress stage. The unmated fracture model, which closely resembled the experimental specimen, showed qualitative agreement with the experimental observations, including heat transfer characteristics, the progressive shear failure process induced by heating, and the increase in thermal stress. However, there were some mismatches between the numerical and experimental results regarding the onset of fracture slip and the magnitudes of fracture stress and displacement. This research was conducted as part of DECOVALEX-2023 Task G, and we expect the numerical model to be enhanced through continued collaboration with other research teams and validated in further studies.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2019

Geosynthetic reinforced soil method in coarse-grained soils has been widely used in last decades. Two effective factors on soil-geosynthetic interaction are confining stresses and loading rate in clay. In terms of methodology, one pull-out test with four different strain rates, namely 0.75, 1.25, 1.75 and 2.25 mm/min, and three different normal stresses equal to 20, 50, and 80 kg have been performed on specimens with dimensions of 30×30×17 cm in the saturated, consolidated condition. The obtained results have demonstrated that activation of geosynthetic strength at contact surface depends on the applied stress. In addition, the increase in normal stress would increase the shear strength at contact surface between clay and geogrid. Moreover, it is concluded that the strain rate increment would increase the shear strength.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.331-344
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• 2003

The plane contact problem for two infinite elastic layers whose elastic constants and heights are different is considered. The layers lying on a Winkler foundation are acted upon by symmetrical distributed loads whose lengths are 2a applied to the upper layer and uniform vertical body forces due to the effect of gravity in the layers. It is assumed that the contact between two elastic layers is frictionless and that only compressive normal tractions can be transmitted through the interface. The contact along the interface will be continuous if the value of the load factor, ${\lambda}$, is less than a critical value. However, interface separation takes place if it exceeds this critical value. First, the problem of continuous contact is solved and the value of the critical load factor, ${\lambda}_{cr}$, is determined. Then, the discontinuous contact problem is formulated in terms of a singular integral equation. Numerical solutions for contact stress distribution, the size of the separation areas, critical load factor and separation distance, and vertical displacement in the separation zone are given for various dimensionless quantities and distributed loads.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.33-37
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• 2009

Finite-element methods are used to study non-adhesive, frictionless rough contact of elastic and plastic solids. Roughness on spherical surfaces is realized by self-affine fractal. True contact area between the rough surfaces and flat rigid surfaces increases with power law under external normal loads. The power exponent is sensitive to surface roughness as well as the curvature of spherical geometry. Surface contact pressures are analyzed and compared for the elastic and plastic solids. Distributions of local contact pressure are shown dependent on the surface roughness and the yield stress of plastic solids.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 접초피로에 있어서 균열의 발생, 진전 등의 관찰을 위해, 균열의 발생, 진전 등이 2차원적으로 되어 시험편측면에서 관찰이 가능한 평판 ring형 시험편을 이용하여 반복수 증대에 따른 균열의 발생, 진전과정을 조사하였다. 그 결과 pitting, flaking형 파손의 초기손상은 접촉면하의 내부에 생기는 접촉면에 평행방향의 균열에 의해 일어나며, 이 균열은 그 방향 밀 파면형태에 의해 접촉응력이 접촉면에 평행방향의 전단응력성분에 의한 모드 ll 피로진전과의 차는 중첩부하된 압축응력의 유무라고 생각되며, 이 가저에 근거로 하여 재료고유의 모드 ll 피로균열진전특성을 구할 수 있는 장치를 개발하였다. 이 장치를 이용하여 알루미륨합금 및 공구강에 대한 da/dN-${\Delta}k$ ll 관계의 시험결과를 얻었다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 제35회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.291-295
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• 2002

O-ring seal is usual component part in various mechanical apparatus for sealing that makes efficient performance of the equipments. The sealing performance of O-ring is affected in environments of the O-rings, like that applied pressure, working temperature, pre-compressed ratio and materials. In this paper, a pressurized, compressed elastomeric bi-polymer O-ring inserted into a rectangular groove is analyzed numerically using the MARC finite element program. The calculated FEM results showed that bi-polymer O-ring that is manufactured by NBR for an inner and FFKM for an outer ring shows a low temperature distribution among various bi-polymer O-ring models. But, the normal contact stress between the flange and upper part of the O-ring is small compared to other bi-polymer model.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

Construction equipment is heavily loaded during normal operation. In recent years, there is a trend that lower gear noise levels are demanded for drivers to avoid annoyance and fatigue during operation. For articulated hauler's final drive, meshing transmission error(T.E.) is the excitation that leads the tonal noise known as gear whine, and radiated gear whine is also the dominant source of noise in the whole gearbox. This paper presents a method for the analysis of the tooth profile modification, and the prediction of transmission error under the loaded torques for the spur gear pair of the articulated hauler's final drive. And the transmission error, transmission error harmonics and contact stress are also calculated and compared before and after tooth modification under one torque. The simulation result shows that the transmission error and contact stress under the loads can be minimized by the appropriate tooth profile modification.