• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2014

Modern enterprise activity and consuming pattern which have been continued since the industrial revolution are causing a great burden on the environment, so that the strategy for sustainability in the whole industry cannot but be realistic and inevitable alternative. Presently various brands which applied the concept of sustainability exist, however they also can be said to play a part in current environmental damage by creating value aiming at only growth and pursuing short-term profit in accordance with it with simple commercial logic. Hereupon, this research aimed at eventually preparing the base of guidelines of sustainable design of space branding by newly drawing the value of sustainability in the aspect of space branding and systematically deducing design elements along with it. For this, the researcher reestablished value and design elements for sustainability in space branding by comprehending the concept of sustainability, design method of sustainable design and environmental value hidden in it, after comprehending the concept of space branding and brand value suggestion and interrelation through advanced researches. The previous studies related to the existing space branding have had mainly focused on the design of the marketing point of view to promote consumer culture. But this study can be found the meaning that new roles and methods of design in space branding from the perspective of sustainable. Now companies need to figure out a variety of strategic ways to find the right balance depending on their situation between contradictory concept of 'Consumption' and 'Sustainability'.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.435-450
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• 2007

To find out what foods and dishes are being consumed by people with dyslipidemia, we have researched which food groups and dish groups are utilized in order to use for nutrition educations. The data was obtained from participants in 2001 KNHNS using the 24hours recall method. Ages over 30 years old are used for the analysis. Food and dish group intakes are analyzed by gender, age, residence, education, and economic status. Dyslipidemia are divided into A, B and C groups using guideline of dyslipidemia. The differences in food consumption were analyzed and assessed by GMDVF, DDS and DVS. SAS and SPSS were used for the data analysis. Overall, In food group, people in B and C (with dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of vegetables, while people in A (without dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of fruits (p < 0.05). In dish group, people in B and C (with dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of rice dish, soups and kimchi, while people A (without dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of breads and snacks, salad and fruits (p < 0.05). In the dietary patterns of main food group (GMDVF), the pattern excluding dairy (11011) revealed the highest proportion in all groups. DDS = 4 has the highest proportion in all groups. The proportions of subjects with the low dietary diversity score increased in B and C (with dyslipidemia). Food groups that most people do not consume were dairy and fruits. The level of DVS in A (without dyslipidemia) is higher than in B and C (with dyslipidemia). With these results, it is shown that people with dyslipidemia had worse quality patterns of food intake than those without dyslipidemia. Thus we should emphasize the balanced diet and educate people how to choose foods. So it is necessary to develop food guide for people with dyslipidemia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7277-7281
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• 2013

Background: Globally, there have been important changes in trends amongst gender, histology and smoking patterns of lung cancer cases. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 466 patients with lung cancer who were registered in Regional Cancer Center, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur from January 2008 to December 2012. Results: Most were more than 60 years of age (67.8%) with a male: female ratio of 1.09:1. Some 78.8% of patients were chronic smokers with male smoker to female smoker ratio of 1.43:1. Consumption of alcohol was found in 29.4%, both smoking and alcohol in 27.5%, betel nut chewing in 37.9% and tobacco chewing in 25.3%. A history of tuberculosis was present in 16.3% of patients. The most frequent symptom was coughing (36.6%) and most common radiological presentation was a mass lesion (70%). Most of the patients had primary lung cancer in the right lung (60.3%). The most common histological subtype was squamous cell carcinoma (49.1%), also in the 40-60 year age group (45.9%), more than 60 year age group (51.6%), males (58.1%) and females (41.8%). As many as 91.9% of squamous cell carcinoma patients had a history of smoking. About 32.5% of patients had distant metastasis at presentation with brain (23.8%) and positive malignant cells in pleural effusions (23.1%) as common sites. The majority of patients were in stage III (34.4%), stage IV (32.5%) and stage II (30.2%). Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the gender gap has been narrowed such that about half of the patients diagnosed with lung cancer are women in this part of India. This alarming rise in female incidence is mainly attributed to an increased smoking pattern. Squamous cell carcinoma still remains the commonest histological subtype. Most of the patients were elderly aged and presented at locally or distantly advanced stages.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.488-498
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• 2016

많은 정보가 데이터로 저장되면서, 데이터를 분석하거나 특수 상황을 예측하기 위한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 특히, 전력 데이터의 경우 환경적 요인에 의한 예측 연구 및 신재생 에너지를 활용하는 스마트그리드와 마이크로그리드 연구들이 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 전력 데이터의 예측을 위해 주변 환경에서 나타나는 데이터를 활용하고자 한다. 이때, 단순 기상 데이터가 아닌 이전 시간에 따른 여러 인자를 반영하여 데이터 예측이 올바르게 이루어지는지를 검증하고자 한다. 검증 과정에서는 유사 기온을 가지는 전력 데이터 선별 예측 결과와 전력 데이터의 길이에 따른 전력 수요 예측 결과를 비교군으로 두고, 기상 정보를 추가 활용하였을 때의 전력 수요 예측 결과를 비교 분석한다. 실험 결과를 통해 기상 정보를 이용할 경우 평균 15% 이내의 최대 오차율 감소 효과를 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.539-553
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• 2004

Up to the present time, many methods to estimate emissions from a particular diesel engines have wholly depended on the quantity of diesel fuel consumed. Then, the recommended emission factors were normalized by fuel consumption, and further total activity was estimated by the total fuel consumed. One of main purposes in the study is newly to develop emission factors for the railroad diesel rolling stock (RDRS) and to estimate a total amount of major gaseous pollutants from the RDRS in Korea. Prior to develop a Korean mode emission factor. the emission factor from the USEPA was simply applied for comparative studies. When applying the USEPA emission factors, total exhaust emissions from the RDRS in Korea were estimated by 28,117tons of NOx, 2,832.3tons of CO, and 1,237.5tons of HC, etc in 2001. In this study, a emission factor for the RDRS, so called the KoRail mode (the Korean Railroad mode) has been developed on the basis of analyzing the driving pattern of the Gyeongbu-Line especially for the line-haul mode. Explicitly to make the site specific emission factors, many uncertainty problems concerning weighting factors for each power mode, limited emission test, incomplete data for RDRS, and other important input parameters were extensively examined. Total exhaust emissions by KoRail mode in Korea were estimated by 10,960tons of NOx, and 4,622tons of CO, and so on in the year of 2001. The emissions estimated by the USEPA mode were 2.6 times higher for NOx, and 1.6 times lower for CO than those by the KoRail mode. As a conclusion, based on the emission calculated from both the USEPA mode and the KoRail mode, the RDRS is considered as one of the significant mobile sources for major gaseous pollutants and thus management plans an(1 control strategies for the RDRS must be established to improve air quality near future in Korea.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2015

손쉬운 제어성, 운용성 등 다양한 이유로 디지털 부하가 급증하고 있고 이와 함께 부하의 소비 패턴은 직류화 되고 있다. 그러나 공급되는 전력은 교류 전원이므로 실질적으로 필요로 하는 부하의 공급 전원인 직류 전원을 만족하기 위하여 교류 전원을 다시 직류로 변환하여 사용하고 있다. 태양광, 풍력, 연료전지 등 신재생 에너지원의 경우 직류 발전을 하는 발전원으로 교류로 변환을 통해 계통에 유입되고 다시 직류로 변환되어 부하에 공급하게 되는 다단 변환을 하게 되어 손실은 지속적으로 증가하게 된다. 에너지원의 효율적인 사용을 위한 직류 기반의 배전 시스템이 필요로 하나, 부하뿐만 아니라 보호 기능을 구현하기 위한 직류 배선용 차단기의 개발이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 영구 자석을 이용한 아크 소호 기술과 하이브리드 아크 소호 기술을 이용한 직류 아크 소호 기술에 대한 연구를 통하여 안정적인 직류 배전 시스템 운용을 위한 계통 및 기기 보호가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.748-755
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find out effects of treatment of ginsenoside Re, Rc and EGCG on mRNA expressions of leptin, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and resistin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The concentrations of EGCG were treated with $0.01{\times}10^{-7},\;0.1{\times}10^{-7},\;1{\times}10^{-7}\;and\;1{\times}10^{-6}\;or\;100{\mu}g/ml$ ginsenoside Re, Rc in culture cell for 13 days. mRNA expression of leptin wasn't expressed in preadipocyte but according to differentiation of adipocyte, the that of mRNA expression was decreased at gensenosids or EGCG treated cells compared with non treated adipocyte. Expression of HSL mRNA was increased in G-Re, G-Rc and EGCG treated cells compared with non treated cells. The resistin level was significantly decreased in adipocytes treated with G-Re, G-Rc and EGCG. These pattern was similar to leptin expression. These results support that treatment of gensenosides or EGCG in 3T3-L1 adipocyte resulted to affect of leptin and resistin as well as HSL mRNA levels, accordingly, levels of leptin and HSL will be acted by signalling body fat stores to the hypothalamus which in turn regulates food intake andenergy expenditure to maintain body weight homeostasis. And also regulation of resistin mRNA will prevent to diabetics attacked with obesity. In conclusion, we suggest that consumption of ginseng saponine or EGCG might prevent human diabetics or/and obesity.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.803-810
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• 2012

냉동컨테이너 화물의 해상운송이 증가함에 따라 냉동컨테이너 화물의 손상과 관련된 분쟁 및 클레임이 화물 소유자인 화주와 화물운송의 주체인 운송인 간에 빈번하게 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 냉장 냉동화물은 그 특성상 다른 일반화물에 비해 화물손상에 대한 분쟁 및 클레임이 많은 편이며, 일단 화물손상이 발생하면 관련 당사자들에게 분쟁이나 클레임으로 인한 불필요한 시간낭비 및 물류비용 즉, 손상화물의 검사비용, 손상화물의 폐기비용, 클레임관련 소송비용 등 불필요한 경제적 비용을 증가시킨다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 냉동컨테이너 화물손상의 개선방안을 모색하여 해상으로 운송되고 있는 냉동컨테이너 화물의 손상을 사전에 예방해 화물손상으로 인한 불필요한 물류비용 및 시간낭비를 감소시킴과 동시에 냉동컨테이너 화물을 목적지까지 보다 안전하고 효율적으로 운송하여 원활한 물류흐름에 기여하는데 있다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.230-234
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• 2009

It is significant technique to increase competitiveness that solar cells have a high energy conversion efficiency and cost effectiveness. When making high efficiency crystalline Si solar cells, evaporated Ti/Pd/Ag contact system is widely used in order to reduce the electrical resistance of the contact fingers. However, the evaporation process is no applicable to mass production because high vacuum is needed. Furthermore, those metals are too expensive to be applied for terrestrial applications. Ni/Cu/Ag contact system of silicon solar cells offers a relatively inexpensive method of making electrical contact. Ni silicide formation is one of the indispensable techniques for Ni/Cu/Ag contact sytem. Ni was electroless plated on the front grid pattern, After Ni electroless plating, the cells were annealed by RTP(Rapid Thermal Process). Ni silicide(NiSi) has certain advantages over Ti silicide($TiSi_2$), lower temperature anneal, one step anneal, low resistivity, low silicon consumption, low film stress, absence of reaction between the annealing ambient. Ni/Cu/Ag metallization scheme is an important process in the direction of cost reduction for solar cells of high efficiency. In this article we shall report an investigation of rapid thermal silicidation of nickel on silngle crystalline silicon wafers in the annealing range of $350-390^{\circ}C$. The samples annealed at temperatures from 350 to $390^{\circ}C$ have been analyzed by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy).

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2012

신선편이식품 생산업체의 가공환경에 대한 관리수준 평가 결과, 공통적으로 작업 중에 배수구 및 바닥의 오염과 출입구 손잡이와 같이 작업자의 손이 닿는 곳의 오염도가 심한 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 재료로 전이될 가능성이 높으므로 재료에 손이 직접 닿지 않도록 하는 등 이에 대한 관리가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다. 낙하균의 조사 결과, 전체적으로 오염 정도는 크지 않으나, 원료 전처리 작업실에서는 원료 표면에 있는 흙이나 미생물이 작업과정에서 공기 중으로 퍼져 검출되는 경우도 있고 세척작업실에서 검출된 낙하균의 경우 공정 중의 제품을 오염시킬 가능성이 있으므로 작업장 내 공기 유입 시 필터를 사용하거나, 천장 등 작업시설의 청소 작업을 통해 낙하균을 감소시키거나 검출되지 않도록 하는 등 이에 대한 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 가공공정 및 설비에 대한 관리수준 평가에서는 전반적으로 모든 미생물 군에서 도마 작업 후 증가율이 높았으나 대부분 청소 후에 완전히 제거되었다. 다만, 일반세균의 경우 작업 전에 모든 대상에서 검출됨에 따라 제품이 오염되지 않도록 이에 대한 처리방안이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 설비를 대상으로 미생물오염 정도를 조사한 결과, 청소 후에 대부분의 미생물이 제거되었으나 뜰망에서는 일반세균과 곰팡이 및 효모가 일부 검출되어 이에 대한 위생조치가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.