• 한국조리학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.199-212
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• 2006

The objective of this study were to examine the consumption pattern and awareness of Kimchi, which is our traditional food, preference for Kimchi, and the way of quality improvement in order to understand the recognition about the position and importance of Kimchi. The results are as follows. As for the recognition about regional way of making Kimchi, it turned out that married women in Seoul and Daejeon don't know their own ways of making Kimchi, and those in Daejeon don't know it more than those in Seoul. The rate of using Kimchi made at home was higher in Daejeon than in Seoul, and the rate of using Kimchi in both ways turned out higher in Seoul than in Daejeon. The reason why they use home-made Kimchi was that they generally prefer their own specific tastes both in Seoul and in Daejeon. Daily Kimchi ingestion was higher in Daejeon than in Seoul. Besides, the recognition about the superiority of our traditional Kimchi turned out high both in Seoul and in Daejeon. The survey of preferring Kimchi taste has been found that well pickled and proper seasoned Kimchi were most preferred both in Seoul and in Daejeon. Preference rate of various kinds of Kimchi came in the following order: Baechu Kimchi, Mu Kimchi, Oisobaki, Pa-buchu Kimchi in the Seoul area while Baechu Kimchi, Mu Kimchi, Pa-buchu kimchi, Oisobaki in the Daejeon area. In general, a sort of Kimchi stew was most popular as a dish using Kimchi with 63.8% both in Seoul and in Daejeon. It has been found in Seoul as well as in Daejeon that Kimchi served at a restaurant was usually untasty in comparison with Kimchi at home. The rate of preferring Kimchi on the markets in Seoul and in Daejeon as a whole came in the following order: Baechu Kimchi, Chongkak Kimchi, Baek kimchi People thought both in Seoul and in Daejeon that materials and cleanness were top priority when choosing Kimchi on the market. According to the result as above, recognition rate of Kimchi in the Seoul and Daejeon areas was shown rather low. Consequently, a further detailed research on Kimchi is thought to be needed. As the recognition of Kimchi increases, Kimchi consumption will increase accordingly. In order to prevent adult diseases, I think we should increase the consumption of Korean traditional fermentation food including Kimchi by increasing recognition of importance of nutrition, function, superiority, and the role of fermentation of Kimchi.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제4권11호
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• pp.369-382
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• 2015

에너지 절감형 서버 클러스터에서는 에너지 절감을 고려하지 않는 기존 서버 클러스터에 비해 서비스 품질을 보장하면서 전력소비를 절감하는 것을 목표로 하며, 현재의 부하를 처리하는 데 필요한 최소수의 서버들만 ON 하도록 고정 주기 또는 가변 주기로 서버들의 전원모드를 조정한다. 이에 대한 기존 연구들은 전력을 절감하거나 열을 낮추는데 노력해왔지만 에너지 효율성을 잘 고려하지 못했다. 본 논문에서는 기존 자율학습기반의 서버 전원 모드 제어 방법의 단위전력당 성능과 QoS를 높이기 위한 에너지 효율적인 클러스터 관리기법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 다중임계기반의 자율학습 방법과 전력소모 예측 방법을 결합한 서버 전원 모드 제어이다. 일반적인 부하 상황에서는 다중임계 학습기반의 서버 전원 모드 제어를 적용하고, 급변하는 부하 상황에서는 예측기반의 서버 전원 모드 제어가 적용된다. 일반적 상황과 급변하는 상황의 구별은 현재의 사용자 요청과 관찰된 과거 몇 분의 사용자 요청의 비율에 따라 이루어진다. 또한, 동적종료 기법을 추가로 적용해 서버가 OFF 하는 데 소요되는 시간을 단축한다. 제안 방법은 16대 서버로 구성된 클러스터 환경에서 3가지 부하 패턴을 이용하여 실험을 수행한다. 다중임계 학습, 예측, 동적종료를 함께 이용한 실험에서 단위전력당 성능(유효응답 수)과 표준화된 QoS 측면에서 가장 우수한 결과를 보여준다. 제안하는 방법과 파라미터 로드된 단일임계 학습을 비교할 때 뱅킹 부하패턴, 실제 부하패턴, 가상 부하패턴에서 단위전력당 유효응답 수가 각각 1.66%, 2.9%, 3.84% 향상되고, QoS 관점에서는 각각 0.45%, 1.33%, 8.82% 향상되었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.580-591
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• 2017

In accordance with 2015 Paris agreement, each individual country around the world should voluntarily propose not only its (individual) reduction target, but also actively develop and present expansion targets of its scope and concrete reduction goals exceeding the previous ones. Accordingly, it is necessary to prepare a macroscopic, long-range strategy for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, which can cover a single building, town, city and eventually even a province. The purpose of this research is to gather and compile government-acquired data from various sources and (in accordance with contents and specificity), combine building data by stages by using multi-variable matrix and then analyze the significance of combined data for each stage. The first order data presents the probability and the cost effectiveness of energy saving on the scale of a city or a province, based only upon general information, size and power consumption of buildings. The second order data can identify a pattern of energy consumption for a building of a specific purpose and which tends to consume a larger amount of energy during one particular season (than others). Finally, the third order data can derive influential factors (base load, humidity) from the energy consumption pattern of a building, and thus propose an informed and practical energy-saving method to be applied in real time.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 1997

A dietary intake survey in 2 major city area was conducted as a part of the study which determined the level of exposure of people to harmful substances in foodstuff. A total of 800 randomly selected men and women aged 20-49 yr and living in the cities of Seoul and Taegu were invited to participate in the survey. All subjects were interviewed by trained dietitians to answer for demorgraphic characteristics and dietary intake for 1 day by 24hr recall method, and asked to record what day ate for following 2 more days by themselves. Results were analyzed and presented for the amount and frequency of food intake by area, sex body weight. Food consumed most by adults resifing in these 2 city area was rice and followed by kimchi in the amount of 225.7g/persn/day and 85.0g/person/day, respectively. In the list of foods consumed most frequently, items used for condiments were included in addition to rice and kimchi. And the total daily intake of food per person was summed up to be 1, 534g for men and 1, 304g for women. Considerable part of this sexual difference in total intake was originated from the difference in beverage consumption including alcoholic beverages and the higher intake of certain foodstuff due to higher body weight of men. Intake data were presented din terms of per capita and per kg body weight, and compared among adults in different categories of body weight, also. The data gathered here, food intake by individuals, reflect our own dietary culture in terms of food assortment and relative contribution of each food item to total food intake include the consumption of "extreme" eaters might be found useful also especially for the sake of food safety such as risk assessment using ADI and PTWI for contaminants in the food supply.od supply.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.245-253
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• 1998

In this study, the food cost for the urban worker's living expenses was estimated for the Korea Labor Union. The urban workers living expenses are minimum of healthy and decency level expenses with allowances for minimum quality of life. Thus, the food cost should be enough for purchasing proper kinds and amount of foods which can supply sufficient nutrient to maintain health and which should reflect current food consumption patterns. To estimate the food cost, the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances was used to calculate the amount of nutrients which should be supplied. The National nutrition survey and the Food balance sheet, were used to estimate the current consumption patterns for the kind and amount of food. To estimate price for each food item, the market survey was executed in six large cities. Also, to verify the estimated food cost, actual food costs were surveyed. For 5 kinds of model household, dietary allowances were calculated for the each nutrient. Using the Korean food guides, the number of serving for each food group were decided for the model households. In each food group, the amount and kind of foods were decided by the current food consumption pattern. The kind and amount of food were adjusted by the amount of calculated nutrient. When the amount of nutrient was between 90% and 110% of the recommended dietary intake, it was accepted. With these amount and kinds of foods, the food cost were calculated using the market survey. Considering extra expenses for the eating-out and processed foods, extra expenses are added. As a results, for single person family, the estimated food cost was 149,210won per month. For two, three, four and five person family, the estimated food costs were 245,179won, 381,182won, 501,669won and 687,980won per month, respectively. The estimated food cost were lower in the single and two person family than the actual food cost by the survey. The cost for eating-out gave major differences. In the future, to estimate food cost, the food consumption patterns for the different kind of household, sex and age should be studied carefully. Also, the pattern of eating-out should by analyzed.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the consumption patterns of Makoli and to provide age-specific suggestions to increase the popularity of newly developed products. The subjects of the study were 373 men and 329 women, and information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire in December of 2010. One major finding of the study was that regardless of gender, consumption of Makoli was correlated to age: older respondents drank more Makoli. Those in their thirties and older, especially women, drank Makoli at home with family. The reasons given for liking or disliking Makoli differed among age groups, but were the same between genders. More subjects in their twenties liked Makoli because of its distinctive taste, while more in their forties liked it for its cultural value. Subjects in their thirties disliked it because it caused headaches, while more in their forties complained of burping. Both genders in their twenties suggested that TV and internet advertisements may be the best strategy to increase the popularity of newly developed Makoli products, and women in their forties suggested promoting Makoli's health benefits. The low calorie content of new Makoli products appealed to women of all age groups and men in their twenties and thirties. Women in their forties were also attracted by Makoli's possible effect to alleviate constipation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1747-1756
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• 2013

The aim of this paper was to study the effect of spent medium recycle on Spodoptera exigua Se301 cell line proliferation, metabolism, and baculovirus production when grown in batch suspension cultures in Ex-Cell 420 serum-free medium. The results showed that the recycle of 20% of spent medium from a culture in mid-exponential growth phase improved growth relative to a control culture grown in fresh medium. Although both glucose and glutamine were still present at the end of the growth phase, glutamate was always completely exhausted. The pattern of the specific glucose and lactate consumption and production rates, as well as the specific glutamine and glutamate consumption rates, suggests a metabolic shift at spent medium recycle values of over 60%, with a decrease in the efficiency of glucose utilization and an increase in glutamate consumption to fuel energy metabolism. Baculovirus infection provoked a change in the metabolic pattern of Se301 cells, although a beneficial effect of spent medium recycle was also observed. Both growth rate and maximum viable cell density decreased relative to uninfected cultures. The efficiency of glucose utilization was dramatically reduced in those cultures containing the lowest percentages of spent medium, whereas glutamine and glutamate consumption was modulated, thereby suggesting that infected cells were devoted to virus replication, retaining their ability to incorporate the nutrients required to support viral replication. Recycle of 20% of spent medium increased baculovirus production by around 90%, thus showing the link between cell growth and baculovirus production.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2012

This study was done to analyze the consumption patterns of health functional food (HFF) as well as to perform needs assessment for the development of web-contents on HFF according to age of adults. The subjects were 238 male and female adults, divided into 4 groups by their age. This study collected all information by self-administrated questionnaires. The awareness on HFF was high in the older adults. The younger adults showed more negative responses to reliability and safety on HFF. The main reason for the consumption of HFF was to supplement nutrients and to prevent diseases. The main types of HFF consumed by adults were nutritional supplementary food, red ginseng products, and glucosamine products. There was higher consumption of nutritional supplementary food in the younger adults and glucosamine products in the older adults. Internet users had low level of satisfaction, with tendency to complain poor contents, reliability, difficulties in searching as problems of the pre-existing HFF websites. As useful methods for provision of information on HFF, most adults wanted general information, articles written by experts and videos. They also wanted to know the safety and side effects of HFF. Requirement of contents composition were various in-depth information, clear indication of citation, fresh updated data while that of display composition was easily-findable, uncomplicated, allowing mutual exchange of communication through bulletin board. These results can be used as basic data that reflect the consumer's needs for developing HFF web-contents according to age of adults.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

Using 2004 Household Income & Expenditure Survey, this study investigated difference in consumption pattern among the households with the different number of children, and estimated the monetary cost of rearing children. The findings were as following. First, the major consumption categories for raising children included the expenditures for education, food materials, utility, health, and communication. Second, the potential consumption needs for clothing & foot ware and culture & entertainment were not fully satisfied for the households with children compared to the households without children. Third, in the households with one child, the level of consumption was about two thirds of that in the households without children. It was slightly above half in the households with two children. Lower consumption level of the households with children was mainly due to the burden of the educational expenditure. Forth, the average monthly cost of raising children was estimated by 680 thousands Won for one child, and 104 thousand Won for two children. Lastly, the implications for the fertility policy and the methods for the estimation of the child cost were suggested based on the results.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2004

This study aimed at categorizing food product consumer's life types, understanding properties of each type, identifying differences in the food consumption pattern, and suggesting a strategical plan to implement market segmentation for the future food products. A demonstrative analysis revealed that consumption tendencies of the sample group in the Busan area could be categorized into four types-popular brand orientation, convenience and practicality orientation, and change and innovation oriention; an analysis of demographical differences in each group demonstrated that variabes of age and family formation showed a significant difference within a significant level. A test of differences in the significance among food consumption types in each group demonstrated that there was no signifcant difference in the number of dining-out, average cost of dining-out per person, dining-out of the week, cost of dinner, and attributes of food service selection. To the contrary, there was a significant difference in the purpose of dining-out, place of lunch, cost of lunch, menu of dinner, and food service information medium among consumption tendencies of each within a significant level.