• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2018

Regulation of gastrointestinal hormones have been reported in animal models for constipation undergoing laxative therapy when administered herbal products. We undertook to investigate whether the laxative activity of gallotannin-enriched extracts isolated from Galla Rhois (GEGR) affects the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones, by examining the concentration of four hormones and the activation of their receptors in the loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation model. Stool parameters, including number, weight and water content, were significantly recovered in the Lop+GEGR treated group, relative to the Lop+ vehicle treated group; however, food intake and water consumption were maintained at a constant level. Also, a similar recovery was detected for thickness of mucosa, muscle and flat luminal surface in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Furthermore, concentration of the four gastrointestinal hormones evaluated, namely, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS) and motilin (MTL), were lower in the Lop+vehicle treated group than the No treated group, but were remarkably enhanced in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Moreover, the downstream signaling pathway of MTL and SS receptors were recovered after GEGR administration. Results of the present study therefore indicate that the laxative effects of GEGR treatment may be tightly related with the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones in the Lopinduced constipation model.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.661-669
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• 2020

Samgak-Kimbap is a popular ready-to-eat (RTE) food at convenience stores, in Korea. Although Samgak-Kimbap is distributed through the cold chain supply system, inappropriate temperature storage conditions prior to consumption are a cause of concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of Staphylococcus aureus growth in Samgak-Kimbap in the retail market. The prevalence and contamination levels of S. aureus in Samgak-Kimbap (n=170) were monitored, and the predictive growth model of a five-strain cocktail of enterotoxin-producing S. aureus (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE) was developed in Samgak-Kimbap as a function of temperature (4, 10, 11, 20, 25, and 37℃). We could not observe the growth of S. aureus and enterotoxin-producing S. aureus in Samgak-Kimbap at temperatures below 10℃. The probability of illness with S. aureus per serving of Samgak-Kimbap was 1.44×10-10 per day. The most influential factor in increasing the risk of foodborne illnesses was the contamination level of S. aureus in Samgak-Kimbap.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.153-166
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• 2011

Recent trends in mobile device market whose services are rapidly expanding to provide wireless internet access are drawing people's attention to mobile security. Especially, since threats to information leakage are reaching to the critical level due to the frequent interchange of important data such as personal and financial information through wireless internet, various encryption algorithms has been developed to protect them. The encryption algorithms confront the serious threats by the appearance of side channel attack (SCA) which uses the physical leakage information such as timing, and power consumption, though the their robustness to threats is theoretically verified. Against the threats of SCA, researches including the performance and development direction of SCA should precede. Among tile SCA methods, the power analysis (PA) attack overcome this misalignment problem. The conventional methods require large computational power and they do not effectively deal with the delay changes in a power trace. To overcome the limitation of the conventional methods, we proposed a novel alignment method using peak matching. By computer simulations, we show the advantages of the proposed method compared to the conventional alignment methods.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.474-484
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• 2020

Objectives: The number of schools offering school lunches has increased in China. This study examined the dietary quality of the lunches consumed by Chinese school-age children and adolescents, with a focus on comparing school lunches with home lunches. Methods: The first weekday 24-hour dietary recall data of 6~17-year-old students (n=1,084) from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. The subjects were divided into the school lunch group and the home lunch group, and the dietary quality of lunches was compared between the two groups among 6~11-year-old students (n=634; 177 in the school lunch group and 457 in the home lunch group) and 12~17-year-old students (n=450; 144 in the school lunch group and 306 in the home lunch group), respectively. Frequently consumed foods, amount of food group intake, food group intake pattern, Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), and Dietary Variety Score (DVS) were examined. Results: The most frequently consumed foods in both lunch groups were rice and pork. An excessive intake of meat and insufficient intake of seafood were noted in both lunch groups. The school lunch group showed a lower level of vegetable consumption than the home lunch group (P=0.017 in 6~11-year-old students, P=0.003 in 12~17-year-old students). Although more students ate meals with a better dietary pattern in the school lunch group than the home lunch group, there were no significant differences in DDS and DVS between the two groups. Conclusions: Overall, the dietary quality of lunches was not superior in the school lunch group compared to the home lunch group. This suggests that much room remain for improving dietary quality of school lunches in China.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2021

Objective: The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in host physiology, metabolism, immunity, and behavior. And host genetics could influence the gut microbiota of hybrid animals. The three-way cross model is commonly utilized in commercial pig production; however, the use of this model to analyse the gut microbial composition is rarely reported. Methods: Two three-way hybrid pigs were selected, with Saba pigs as the starting maternal pig: Duroc× (Berkshire×Saba) (DBS) pig, Berkshire×(Duroc×Saba) (BDS) pig. One hundred pigs of each model were reared from 35 days (d) to 210 d. The body weight or feed consumption of all pigs were recorded and their feed/gain (F/G) ratio was calculated. On day 210, 10 pigs from each three-way cross were selected for slaughter, and cecal chyme samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: The final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG) of DBS pigs were significantly higher than those of BDS pigs (p<0.05), while the F/G ratios of DBS pigs were significantly lower than those of BDS pigs (p<0.05). The dominant phyla in DBS and BDS pigs were Bacteroidetes (55.23% vs 59%, respectively) and Firmicutes (36.65% vs 34.86%, respectively) (p>0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Prevotella, Roseburia, and Anaerovibrio in DBS pigs was significantly lower than in BDS pigs (p<0.01). The abundance of Eubacterium, Clostridium XI, Bacteroides, Methanomassiliicoccus, and Parabacteroides in DBS pigs was significantly higher than in BDS pigs (p<0.05). The FBWs and ADGs were positively correlated with Bacteroides, ClostridiumXI, and Parabacteroides but negatively correlated with the Prevotella, Prevotella/Bacteroides (P/B) ratio, Roseburia, and Anaerovibrio. Conclusion: These results indicated that host genetics affect the cecal microbiota composition and the porcine gut microbiota is associated with growth performance, thereby suggesting that gut microbiota composition may be a useful biomarker in porcine genetics and breeding.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.403-408
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• 2021

Currently, in the design process of civil structures such as bridges, it is common to make final products by repeating the process of redesigning, if the initial design is found to not meet the standards after a structural review. This iterative process extends the design time, and causes inefficient consumption of engineering manpower, which should be put into higher-level design, on simple repetitive mechanical work. This problem can be resolved by automating the design process, but the external analysis program used in the design process has been the biggest obstacle to such automation. In this study, we constructed an AI-based automation system for the bridge design process, including an interface that could control both a reinforcement learning algorithm, and an external analysis program, to replace the repetitive tasks in the current design process. The prototype of the system built in this study was developed for a 2-span RC Rahmen bridge, which is one of the simplest bridge systems. In the future, it is expected that the developed interface system can be utilized as a basic technology for linking the latest AI with other types of bridge designs.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.18-33
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• 2022

Beef contains functional fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid and longchain fatty acids. This review summarizes results from studies comparing the fatty acid composition of beef from cattle fed either grass or grain-based feed. Since functional lipid components are contributed through dietary consumption of beef, the fatty acid composition is reported on mg/100 g of meat basis rather than on a percentage of total fat basis. Beef from grass-fed contains lesser total fat than that from grain-fed in all breeds of cattle. Reduced total fat content also influences the fatty acid composition of beef. A 100 g beef meat from grass-fed cattle contained 2,773 mg less total saturated fatty acids (SFA) than that from the same amount of grain-fed. Grass-fed also showed a more favorable SFA lipid profile containing less cholesterol-raising fatty acids (C12:0 to C16:0) but contained a lesser amount of cholesterol-lowering C18:0 than grain-fed beef. In terms of essential fatty acids, grass-fed beef showed greater levels of trans-vaccenic acid and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; EPA, DPA, DHA) than grain-fed beef. Grass-fed beef also contains an increased level of total n-3 PUFA which reduced the n-6 to n-3 ratio thus can offer more health benefits than grain-fed. The findings signify that grass-fed beef could exert protective effects against a number of diseases ranging from cancer to cardiovascular disease (CVD) as evidenced by the increased functional omega-3 PUFA and decreased undesirable SFA. Although grain-fed beef showed lesser EPA, DPA, and DHA, consumers should be aware that greater portions of grain-fed beef could also achieve a similar dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Noteworthy, grain-fed beef contained higher total monounsaturated fatty acid that have beneficial roles in the amelioration of CVD risks than grass-fed beef. In Hanwoo beef, grain-fed showed higher EPA and DHA than grass-fed beef.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.300-307
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• 2022

Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (TR-SFX) is a powerful technique for determining temporal variations in the structural properties of biomacromolecules on ultra-short time scales without causing structure damage by employing femtosecond X-ray laser pulses generated by an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL). The mixing rate of reactants and biomolecule samples, as well as the hit rate between crystal samples and x-ray pulses, are critical factors determining TR-SFX performance, such as accurate image acquisition and efficient sample consumption. We here develop two distinct sample delivery systems that enable ultra-fast mixing and on-demand droplet injecting via pneumatic application with a square pulse signal. The first strategy relies on inertial mixing, which is caused by the high-speed collision and subsequent coalescence of droplets ejected through a double nozzle, while the second relies on on-demand pneumatic jetting embedded with a 3D-printed micromixer. First, the colliding behaviors of the droplets ejected through the double nozzle, as well as the inertial mixing within the coalesced droplets, are investigated experimentally and numerically. The mixing performance of the pneumatic jetting system with an integrated micromixer is then evaluated by using similar approaches. The sample delivery system devised in this work is very valuable for three-dimensional biomolecular structure analysis, which is critical for elucidating the mechanisms by which certain proteins cause disease, as well as searching for antibody drugs and new drug candidates.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.453-458
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• 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious disease in which blood sugar levels rise abnormally because of failed insulin production or decreased insulin sensitivity. Although many studies are being conducted for the treatment or early diagnosis of DM, it is not fully understood how mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) abnormalities appear in patients with DM. Here, we induced iPSCs from fibroblasts, PBMCs, or pancreatic cells of three patients with type 2 DM (T2D) and three patients with non-diabetes counterpart. The mtDNA mutations were detected randomly without any tendency among tissues or patients. In T2D patients, 62% (21/34) of iPSC clones harbored multiple mtDNA mutations, of which 37% were homoplasmy at the 100% mutation level compared to only 8% in non-diabetes. We next selected iPSC clones that were a wild type or carried mutations and differentiated into pancreatic cells. Oxygen consumption rates were significantly lower in cells carrying mutant mtDNA. Additionally, the mutant cells exhibited decreased production of insulin and reduced secretion of insulin in response to glucose. Overall, the results suggest that screening mtDNA mutations in iPSCs from patients with T2D is an essential step before pancreatic cell differentiation for disease modeling or autologous cell therapy.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.267-274
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• 2021

This study was designed to investigate the variables affecting Chinese university students' selection factors for Korean drama. Participants in this study were 379 university students from Hunan Province, China. An online survey program(www.wjx.cn) was used to collect data for this study. The tool of this study was 'a tool for measuring the selection factors of Korean Dramas', and it was composed of two areas: completeness of work and recognition. The results of this study are as follows: First, the completeness of work factor are higher than the recognition of Korean dramas by Chinese university students. Second, there are differences in the factors for selection Korean dramas according to the gender, grade, age, major, and Korean Drama watching frequency of Chinese university students. Third, when Chinese university students select Korean Dramas, their preferred genre influences the selection factors for the level of work completion and recognition. Finally, it was discussed according to the results of this study, and suggested for the qualitative re-leap of Korean Dramas in the global era. In order to expand the Korean Wave market in China, cultural contents must be developed to embrace the sentiment of Chinese university students, a propagation strategy that reflects the latest consumption trends of Chinese youth must be established, and the sophisticated visual beauty of Korean Dramas must be realized.