• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1691-1695
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the association between tea consumption and the risk of renal cell carcinoma. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus between 1970 and November 2012. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles based on predetermined selection criteria. Results: Twelve epidemiological studies (ten case-control studies and two cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. In a meta-analysis of all included studies, when compared with the lowest level of tea consumption, the overall relative risk (RR) of renal cell carcinoma for the highest level of tea consumption was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-1.21). In subgroup meta-analyses by study design, there was no significant association between tea consumption and renal cell carcinoma risk in ten case-control studies using adjusted data (RR=1.08, 95% CI 0.84-1.40). Furthermore, there was no significant association in two cohort studies using adjusted data (RR=0.95, 95% CI 0.81-1.12). Conclusion: Our findings do not support the conclusion that tea consumption is related to decreased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Further prospective cohort studies are required.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 1999

Background: We studied 150 patients who received intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) after total abdominal hysterectomy to evaluate pain relief, analgesic consumption, patient's satisfaction and side effects. Methods: We made total 40 ml of analgesic mixture with morphine 40 mg, ketorolac 120 mg, droperidol 3 mg and normal saline. Loading/bolus/basal infusion dose and lockout interval was 2 ml, 1.5 ml, 0.5 ml/hr and 10 min, respectively. Numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score, cumulative analgesic consumption, degree of satisfaction, and incidence of side effects were evaluated. Also, correlation of age and edu ion with analgesic consumption were evaluated. Results: The average pain scores using NRS were $3.1{\pm}1.7$ (6 h), $2.1{\pm}1.5$ (24 h), $1.7{\pm}1.5$ (48 h). The average cumulative analgesic consumption were $11.7{\pm}5.0$ ml (6 h), $23.0{\pm}6.7$ ml (24 h), $32.1{\pm}3.7$ ml (48 h). The degree of satisfaction in postoperative pain control was good in 94% of patients. There was no correlation between degree of satisfaction and analgesic consumption. Also age and level of edu ion did not correlated with analgesic consumption. Conclusions: Intravenous PCA with morphine, ketorolac, and droperidol is an effective method of postoperative pain control because it provides adequate pain relief and a few side effects with high patient's satisfaction. However, age and level of education did not correlated with analgesic consumption.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.312-334
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• 2023

In large-scale computing, cloud computing plays an important role by sharing globally-distributed resources. The evolution of cloud has taken place in the development of data centers and numerous servers across the globe. But the cloud information centers incur huge operational costs, consume high electricity and emit tons of dioxides. It is possible for the cloud suppliers to leverage their resources and decrease the consumption of energy through various methods such as dynamic consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs), by keeping idle nodes in sleep mode and mistreatment of live migration. But the performance may get affected in case of harsh consolidation of VMs. So, it is a desired trait to have associate degree energy-performance exchange without compromising the quality of service while at the same time reducing the power consumption. This research article details a number of novel algorithms that dynamically consolidate the VMs in cloud information centers. The primary objective of the study is to leverage the computing resources to its best and reduce the energy consumption way behind the Service Level Agreement (SLA)drawbacks relevant to CPU load, RAM capacity and information measure. The proposed VM consolidation Algorithm (PVMCA) is contained of four algorithms: over loaded host detection algorithm, VM selection algorithm, VM placement algorithm, and under loading host detection algorithm. PVMCA is dynamic because it uses dynamic thresholds instead of static thresholds values, which makes it suggestion for real, unpredictable workloads common in cloud data centers. Also, the Algorithms are adaptive because it inevitably adjusts its behavior based on the studies of historical data of host resource utilization for any application with diverse workload patterns. Finally, the proposed algorithm is online because the algorithms are achieved run time and make an action in response to each request. The proposed algorithms' efficiency was validated through different simulations of extensive nature. The output analysis depicts the projected algorithms scaled back the energy consumption up to some considerable level besides ensuring proper SLA. On the basis of the project algorithms, the energy consumption got reduced by 22% while there was an improvement observed in SLA up to 80% compared to other benchmark algorithms.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Curcumin, an active ingredient in turmeric, is highly consumed in South Asia. However, curry that contains turmeric as its main spice might be the major source of curcumin in most other countries. Although curcumin consumption is not as high in these countries as South Asia, the regular consumption of curcumin may provide a significant health-beneficial effect. This study evaluated whether the moderate consumption of curry can affect blood glucose and lipid levels that become dysregulated with age. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2012 to 2013, to assess curry consumption frequency as well as blood glucose and blood lipid levels. The levels of blood glucose and lipids were subdivided by age, sex, and body mass index, and compared according to the curry consumption level. The estimates in each subgroup were further adjusted for potential confounding factors, including the diagnosis of diseases, physical activity, and smoking. RESULTS: After adjusting for the above confounding factors, the blood glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the moderate curry consumption group compared to the low curry consumption group, both in older (> 45) male and younger (30 to 44) female overweight individuals who have high blood glucose and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that curcumin consumption, in an ordinary diet, can have health-beneficial effects, including being helpful in maintaining blood glucose and triglyceride levels that become dysregulated with age. The results should be further confirmed in future studies.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2010

This research how self-esteem and consumption behavior for adolescent consumers are differentiated different psychological home environment and how the psychological home environment during adolescence self-esteem and consumption behavior. The result of the research as follows. First, when the psychological home environment categorized in 4 subgroups, accomplishment-non-accomplishment zone had average 3 points sense of non-accomplishment. Setting the aspiration level and striving to achieve such level were reviewed to be low. In autonomous-heteronomous, it is thought that with more allowance more responsible for actions and autonomous actions such as respecting personal opinions. Secondly, all 5 sub-groups of the self-esteem level for adolescent consumers showed average of approximately 3 points, a normal standard self-esteem When the overall school score is high self-esteem was also given high points. It can be thought that the school scores provide positive or negative effect on pride, future and surrounding situations. When psychological home environment was deemed positive in the relationship between psychological home environment and self-esteem, evaluation and the faith how other people recognize one were also thought positively. Thirdly, 4 subgroups of the consuming behavior for adolescent consumers had under 3 points for trend pursuit, showing a less severe trend pursuit by adolescents then expected. Consumer behavior for different psychological home environment and self-esteem showed that consumers selected a utility, while trendy and unique consumer behavior was found with middle level of open-closeness when a sense of accomplishment was significant among the psychological home environment.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7321-7328
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• 2015

본 연구는 흡연 정도에 따른 식습관 및 정신 심리적 특성 차이와 상관관계를 분석함으로써 건강한 생활습관 형성에 바탕을 둔 흡연예방 및 금연교육 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시행되었다. 질병관리 본부가 실시한 2013년 청소년 건강행태온라인 자료를 바탕으로 SPSS 18.0 을 이용하여 기술통계, 교차분석, 상관분석 하였다. 연구결과 청소년의 흡연정도에 따라 식습관과 정신 심리적 특성에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 흡연량은 식습관과 부적 상관관계(r=-.154, p<.01), 정신 심리적 특성과는 정적 상관관계(r=.122, p<.01), 식습관과 정신 심리적 특성 간에는 부적 상관관계(r=-.165, p<.01)가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 청소년을 위한 흡연예방 및 금연교육 프로그램 개발 시 식습관과 정신 심리적 건강에 관한 내용이 포함되어야 할 필요가 있음을 제안한다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2014

In this paper, the new smart dimming algorithm which is mixed with PWM and PAM control method is proposed for reducing the power consumption of LED TV Backlight. The proposed technique is using the curve characteristics of LED forward voltage and current which is proportionally changing LED forward voltage as changing LED forward current. Therefore, each PWM and PAM control method has different LED forward voltage and current in the same brightness condition. The PWM control method adjusts the brightness of LED TV Backlight by only varying the duty ratio of PWM and constantly sustaining the amplitude of LED forward current and voltage. So, the level of LED forward current and voltage in the PWM control method is relatively high and constant regardless of duty ratio of PWM. On the other hand, the PAM control method adjusts the brightness of LED TV Backlight by directly varying the level of LED forward current. So, the level of LED forward current and voltage in the PAM control method is lowered according to the brightness level. For the above-mentioned reason, the PAM control method has the advantage of reducing the total power consumption of LED TV Backlight at the brightness condition of below 100%, compared with PWM control method. By implementing this characteristic to LED driver circuit with control algorithm in MCU, the power consumption of LED TV Backlight can expect to be reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method, new smart dimming algorithm, CPWAM(=Conditional Pulse Width Amplitude Modulation), has been verified by experimental results.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2021

본 연구는 설문을 통해 애슬레저 브랜드 커뮤니티 사용자 경험 만족도를 세대별로 측정하고 세대별 소비 취향에 따른 만족 요인을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 브랜드 커뮤니티 측정 도구는 스티븐 앤더슨(Stephen P. Anderson)의 감성 인터페이스 모형을 중심으로 작성된 설문지를 사용했고, 주요 수요층인 10대-40대의 여성을 중심으로 설문을 시행하였다. 설문 결과 세대별 소비성향에 따라 커뮤니티 참여율과 만족도 요인이 유의미하게 다르게 나타남을 추론할 수 있었다. 또한 태스크 중심의 만족도는 높았으나 경험 위주의 만족도는 비교적 낮은 결과가 도출 되었는데 이는 향후 온·오프라인 커뮤니티 활성화를 위한 경험 위주의 만족도 향상의 제고 방안이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 세대별 소비 취향에 따른 만족도 요인이 향후 세분된 수요자 중심의 브랜드 커뮤니티 연구의 자료로써 활용되길 기대한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.703-706
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• 1998

This paper presents an efficient substrate-bias generator(SBG)for low-power, high-density DRAM's The proposed SBG can supply stable voltage with switching the supply voltage of driving circuit, and it can substitude the small capacitance for the large capacitance. The charge pumping circuit of the SBG suffere no VT loss and is to be applicable to low-voltage DRAM's. Also it can reduce the power consumption to make VBB because of it's high pumping efficiency. Using biasing voltage with positive temperature coefficient, VBB level detecting circuit can detect constant value of VBB against temperature variation. VBB level during VBB maintaining period varies 0.19% and the power dissipation during this period is 0.16mw. Charge pumping circuit can make VBB level up to -1.47V using VCC-1.5V, and do charge pumping operation one and half faster than the conventional ones. The temperature dependency of the VBB level detecting circuit is 0.34%. Therefore the proposed SBG is expected to supply a stable VBB with less power consumption when it is used in low power DRAM's.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1279-1282
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• 2006

An ultra low-power down-conversion level shifter using low temperature poly-crystalline silicon thin film transistors is proposed for mobile applications. The simulation result shows that the power consumption of the proposed circuits is only 17% and the propagation delay is 48% of those of the conventional cross-coupled level shifter without additional area. And the measured power consumption is only 21% of that of the crosscoupled level shifter.