• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the critical features of Word of mouth (WOM) advertising and their impact on sport consumer behavior. Research design, data, and methodology: Target population of the study consisted of all sports consumer of the Federation of Special Patients and Organ Transplantation, Tehran (Iran), who had indirectly watched the World Organ Transplant Competition documentary at least once on others' advice. For this purpose, 360 sports consumers of the federation were purposefully selected and they were asked to complete the standard WOM advertising questionnaire of Asda and Ko. Pearson correlation coefficient test and modeling of structural equations were performed using Spss24 and Smart PLS software at an error level of 0.05 used to analyze the data. Results: The findings show that there is a significant relationship between experience and expertise, trust and validity, content richness, and the power of message transmission through WOM advertising and its predictability. Finally, interpersonal relationships and work involvement also had a moderating role in this regard. Conclusions: The general conclusion is that the components of WOM advertising as well as involvement and homophily with the mediating role directly as one of the presuppositions for persuasion. The sports consumer was promoting WOM.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 2015

This paper compared the properties of cosmetics depending on the shopping tendency of female consumers in Korea and China. The data on Chinese women living in Korea and Korean women in their 20s was collected using an offline survey. The data on Chinese women living in China in their 20s was collected using an online survey. Three hundred twenty-seven questionnaires out of a total of 330 questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. The survey was conducted from January to February 2014. Eighteen questions on shopping tendency and eight questions on the properties of cosmetics were analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale. Data was analyzed by Descriptives, Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, ANOVA and Cluster Analysis, and SPSS 21 statistical program. In accordance with the analyses, the shopping tendency comprised a showing-off tendency, pleasure-seeking tendency, and practicality tendency; the properties of cosmetics were classified into conformity and functionality. On the basis of the elements in the shopping tendency, the female consumers were categorized into a low involvement consumer group, high involvement consumer group, and hedonic consumer group. The Chinese women emphasized conformity or functionality of cosmetics more than the Korean women regardless of the countries where they lived. Regardless of shopping types or countries where they lived, the Korean and Chinese women in their 20s emphasized functionality over conformity of cosmetics. Furthermore, Chinese women living in Korea showed a similar shopping tendency to Chinese living in China.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.215-228
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the attributes of consumers global luxury fashion brands and to find the impact of consumer value, meaning the social and pleasure values derived from brands on product purchase involvement. The method in this study was analysis of a total of 298 responses to a questionnaire. The results indicate, first of all, that among the attribute evaluations of global luxury brands, traditionality and splurge affect purchasing involvement. However, prestige and originality were found to have no influence on purchasing involvement. Second, the responses to the questionnaire indicate that social and pleasure values had a statistically significant effect on purchase of luxury brands. Third, the value of cross-group attributes evaluation and consumption value to differences in purchase involvement has had statistically significant results. In conclusion, the traditional and Splurge natures of the luxury global fashion industry's brand, social consumption value and pleasure consumption value affect the level of purchase involvement. This underscores the importance of attribute Evaluation(traditional and splurge) and consumption value(social and pleasure) when planning consumer marketing strategies for global luxury fashion brands in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.699-709
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate consumer shopping orientation toward foreign brands in the context of clothing involvement, ethnocentrism, country-of-origin effects and demograpic variables. Prior to this paper, shopping orientation was studied in connection with ethnocentrism and country-of-origin effects. The questionnaire was distributed to 300 female consumers over twenty years old living in Pusan area and finally 213 data serfs were used for statistical analysis. By factor analysis, 6 clothing involvement factors were identified; fashion interest, symbolism, pleasure interest, inclination to harmony, aesthetic expression and perceived risk. A result of canonical correlation analysis about shopping orientation factors and clothing involvement factors is as follows. Two shopping orientation factors (follow to foreign brands and country-of-orion consciousness) positively correlate with three clothing involvement factors (fashion interest, symbolism and pleasure interest) , and two shopping orientation factors (preference to domestics and country-of-orion consciousness) positively correlate with author clohting involvement factor (percived risk). Anocova procedure revealed that five shopping orientation factors were related to clothing involvement factors, groups according to ethnocentric disposition, country-of-origin effects and demograpics respectively, even though there are some differences. Based on the conclusions, marketing strategies were developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate influences of consumer's shopping value, brand alliances and apparel product involvement on purchasing behavior. The subjects of 172 hedonic shopping value and 208 utilitarian shopping value were chosen to participated for data collection. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, and ANOVA. The main results of study were summarized as follows: 1. When an Internet Private Brand(PB) did not form brand alliance with a National brand(NB), utilitarian shopping value consumers did not differ in preference irrespective of whether product involvement was high or not. However, when the PB formed brand alliance with well-known NB, they showed higher preference for the high involvement apparel product than the low involvement product. 2. When an Internet PB did not form brand alliance with well-known NB, the utilitarian shopping value consumers' word-of-mouth intention did not differ between the high involvement apparel product and low involvement apparel product. 3. It was revealed that when an Internet PB did not form brand alliance, the utilitarian shopping value consumers showed higher intention to purchase than that of the low involvement product.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-40
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• 2008

With the explosive growth of the Internet, Internet shopping malls have become recognized as one of the major purchasing channels for consumers, as well as one of the competitive distribution channels for companies that allow them to contact with customers without intermediaries. It has motivated information systems(IS) researchers to examine the factors influencing consumer behavior and the purchase decision process in the context of Internet shopping malls. Despite the extensive research that has been conducted on the purchase decision process of consumers in online shopping malls, the results have demonstrated a need for further understanding of consumer behavior due to the unique features of virtual space and the characteristics of online consumers. Previous studies from marketing and consumer behavior domains have suggested that the concept of involvement plays an important role in explaining consumers' purchase behavior. Despite the critical role of involvement and the explosive growth of e-commerce, little research has examined the role of involvement in the Internet shopping mall context. With this motivation, this study has two research objectives. First, it introduces and tests an theoretical model capable of better explaining consumers' intention to purchase in the Internet shopping mall context. The proposed model extends and integrates existing models on purchase intention by incorporating purchase experience, innovativeness, and perceived self-control as the consumer factors, along with perceived risk, information provision, and perceived price as the Internet shopping mall factors. Second, this study examines how involvement differences may affect consumers' intention to purchase. For this purpose, two factors from involvement theory, involvement type and involvement level, are introduced into the research model as moderating variables. In order to test the proposed model, the overall approach employed was a field study using the structural equation model. We developed our data collection instrument by adopting existing validated questions wherever possible. All question items were measured with a seven-point, Likert-type scale, with anchors ranging from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree.' Two IS researchers reviewed the instrument and checked its face validity. We collected empirical data for this study over a period of two weeks from subjects who had purchase experiences through Internet shopping malls. A total of 473 complete and valid responses were obtained. We carried out data analysis using a two-step methodology with AMOS 4.0. The first step in the data analysis was to establish the convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs. In the second step, we examined the structural model based on the cleansed measurement model. The empirical results partly support the proposed model and identify the moderating effect of involvement differences. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed, along with its limitations.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2005

The study is to find the relationship between brand concept consistency and the consumer attitude toward the extended brand and the moderating roles of knowledge, involvement and typicality on their relationships in the food-service industry. In the severely competitive market, brand extension strategy has become a key strategy to the companies that are trying to expand in the new market and to cut down the marketing cost. First , the similarity which is measured by consistency of brand concept has a positive effect on the consumer attitude toward the extended brand. Second, the knowledge on the original brand has moderating effect on the relationship between consistency of brand concept and the consumer attitude toward the extended brand. More knowledge brings on more favorable attitudes.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.87-114
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to find the effects of consumer values on eco-friendly buying behavior. This study examines environmental attitudes and involvement as moderating variables to explain eco-friendly buying behavior of consumers. Hypotheses were developed based on Focus Group Interviews, Depth Interviews, and literature reviews. To test such hypotheses, questionnaires were distributed and collected among female adults aged 18 or above, and who are either office workers or housewives. The analysis results show that personal values, sociocultural values, and values related to ecofriendly products affect consumers in their eco-friendly buying behavior. Among those values, concern about safety and health, eco-friendly culture and trend, willingness to pay price premiums and functional effects of eco-friendly products have significant effects on eco-friendly buying behavior. Reflecting these results, business marketers must appeal to consumers with more focus on safety and health, perceived consumer effectiveness, self-monitoring, eco-friendly culture and trend, media exposure, willingness to pay price premiums, design excellence and functional effects, to implement marketing communication strategies accordingly.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2015

This study investigates the effects of information security awareness arising from E-Commerce in terms of the Elaboration Likelihood Model(ELM) and analyzes the moderating effect of the trust's involvement and experience. Consumers are using E-Commerce Web sites, depending on the level of involvement and experience in E-Commerce. This study is based on the ELM, the information security awareness of consumer confidence in E-Commerce form, according to the degree of experience and involvement suggested a theoretical model to describe the effect that the scaling and, through empirical studies validation of model. Consumer confidence is formed the attitude of the E-Commerce company through different paths, depending on the type of awareness in the E-Commerce web site, this moderate has the effect of consumer involvement and experience. Studying the information security awareness of consumer in the on E-Commerce is considered to present a new perspective on trust.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.532-545
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• 2024

Purpose: The globalization of food has increased consumer demand for imported food products. China is attracting attention as one of the major overseas consumer markets for Korean ramen. Nevertheless, further understanding of consumer needs is required to adapt to local market conditions and sustain sales growth. This study addressed this gap by investigating the intrinsic and extrinsic food attributes and local consumer characteristics using a hybrid approach of structural equation modeling and artificial neural network analysis to influence loyalty to Korean ramen. Methods: Two hundred Chinese consumers who participated in the survey had experience in consuming Korean ramen. Data were collected through paper questionnaires. A causality validation model was constructed to screen for factors with an impact on loyalty. The importance of attributes is then further discussed using artificial neural network models. Results: A causality validation model was constructed using structural equations to confirm the significant effects of intrinsic attributes (e.g., noodles), extrinsic attributes (e.g., packaging), food involvement, and income on loyalty. Using these factors as inputs, further analysis through an artificial neural network model showed that food involvement as an intrinsic consumer characteristic was the most critical factor in predicting loyalty to Korean ramen, followed by packaging, noodles, and income. Conclusion: These findings revealed the important roles of product attributes and consumer characteristics in predicting loyalty. Therefore, increased attention to food-involved consumer segments, selection of appropriate packaging formats, and meeting consumer product sensory needs and their demand for variety may be more conducive to promoting loyalty to imported foods.