• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2003

The iron status and its relations with nutrient intake, coffee drinking, and cigarette smoking were evaluated through the blood analysis and 3-day dietary recalls in 102 apparently healthy Korean adults (48 males, 54 menstruating females) aged 20-49 years and living in Daejeon City. Mean values of hemoglobin (Hb) in males and females were 15.5g/dL and 13.2g/dL, mean corpscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 36.0% and 36.8 %, serum iron (SI) 135 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL and 97 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, transferrin saturation (TS) 39.4% and 29.2%, and serum ferritin (Ft) 88.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L and 23.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L, respectively. For males the prevalences of abnormal values of iron status indicators were 4.2% in Hb, 2.1% in TS, and 4.2% in Ft, and for females 16.7% in Hb, 25.9% in TS, and 35.2% in Ft. Among females 9.3% had abnormal Ft, TS, and Hb, which was considered as iron-defeciency anemia, and 14.8% had abnormal Ft and TS. As a whole, the impaired iron status prevalences were estimated to be 2.1 - 4.2% for males and 9.3 - 35.2% for females. Mean daily intakes of iron and heme-iron were 13.7mg and 1.51mg in males, and 12.3mg and 1.45mg in females. Ft was positively correlated with dietary energy, protein, iron, and vitamin A, Hb with energy and iron, and MCHC with iron and heme iron. Vitamin A also tended to show positive correlations with Hb, SI, and TS. Coffee drinkers taking 3 cups per day or more had higher levels of Hb, MCHC, and Ft in males and MCHC in females, compared to non-coffee drinkers. Higher levels of Hb and MCHC were found in male smokers than in non-smokers. Coffee drinkers took more energy and vitamin A in males and MPF protein in females than non-coffee drinkers. From the above results, it was suggested that the iron status of men was much better than that of women, and the intakes of energy, iron, heme iron, and especially vitamin A were positively associated with the iron status. Cigarette smoking elevated Hb and MCHC, but the effect of coffee drinking on iron staus was not clear. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 44∼50, 2003)

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.1 s.79
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• pp.159-179
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• 2006

Each ethnic group has different cultural backgrounds and each culture has developed with its own traditions. The interaction between different cultures is getting more active through acculturation and cultural contacts. The purpose of this study was to compare domestic living of Korean immigrants with Australians in the form of a Cross-Cultural study. For this, usage of domestic space and seating style of 52 Korean households and 53 Australian households in Melbourne were analyzed. Ethnographic research with questionnaire was used. The results of the research were as follows. 1. The most popular type of Living-Dining-Kitchen arrangement was L+ K. D for Koreans and L. D . K for Australians. 2. A laundry room was indispensable for both and they all wanted to do ironing in there as well as dry. Both were satisfied with the type which toilet was separated from the bathroom Drain hole on the floor of the bathroom was not indispensable for most Koreans and Australians. 3. Koreans and Australians were doing various activities in living area and both were getting together around kitchen(dining) area. The particular thing of Koreans was that they were using the main bedroom with multiple purpose. 4. The seating style of Koreans and Australians belong to chair-seating style generally. But Koreans were using floor seating style in making bed for the guest and making Kimchi. Koreans and Australians were using mixed style of floor seating and chair-seating in relaxing time with watching TV, treating guest or so. 5. Koreans were not satisfied with using carpet cause of dust but Australians were satisfied with the carpet cause of warmness. 6. Most Koreans and Australians were take off shoes inside of the house. Koreans were organize shoes around the front door of the house usually and Australians were organize shoes in bedroom usually. 7. The most popular heating system was ducted heating for both. The level of satisfaction about ducted heating was low for Koreans because they though that it could contaminate air. Australians were satisfied with ducted heating because they though that this one was fit on the weather of this area. 8. Living room was the most important one for Koreans and Australians and they also thought it should be decorated well for entertaining guests. Most Koreans were estimate that the brightness of the light of the house was not enough but it was estimated to moderate for Australians on the contrary.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-198
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• 2014

This study aims to suggest useful information for tteokbokki franchise businesses to enter foreign markets by market testing and surveying preferences of foreign consumers with various kinds of tteokbokki. For this research, a survey was conducted from July 16 to August 20, 2012, targeting the people who live in Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS for Windows Version 18.0. The relationship between the general details of consumers and the results of the market test were analyzed using canonical correlation analysis. Research results and utilization plans are expected to use for improving the image of the country and ripple effects on exporting agricultural and fishery products, along with the effect of increasing spread of overseas personnel export and domestic Korean overseas supply of cultural content. Nurturing restaurant franchise business, creating jobs, and contributing to the increase in the income of the rural economy are also expected. Fermented tteokbokki franchise business should create new added value. The development of fermented tteokbokki will build a new culture of consumption, expand consumption, academic cooperation and joint technology development, and activate employment linked. Consequently, it is necessary to understand eating habits of local consumers from a variety of perspectives such as texture, taste, and colors of sauce when globalizing Korean food.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2020

Physical and sensory characteristics of commercial yogurts are important aspects for consumer acceptability. In addition, beneficial functions of commercial yogurts are also emphasized for the probiotic dairy products. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional properties of yogurts with the combination of bacteriocin-producing Pediococcus acidilactici. Yogurts fermented with commercial starter culture (control yogurt) and control yogurt together with P. acidilactici HW01 (yogurt+HW01), P. acidilactici JM01 (yogurt+JM01), or P. acidilactici K10 (yogurt+K10) were prepared. During 28 days after fermentation, the viability of lactic acid bacteria, pH, and brix, in the yogurt samples were assessed with standard methods. Moreover, to investigate the antilisterial activity of the yogurt samples, Listeria monocytogenes was simultaneously inoculated when the yogurts were prepared with lactic acid bacteria, and the viability of L. monocytogenes was determined. Although yogurt+K10 did not completely remove L. monocytogenes, control yogurt, yogurt+HW01, and yogurt+JM01 eradicated L. monocytogenes at day 2 after fermentation. However, yogurt+K10 also removed L. monocytogenes at day 3 after fermentation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the combination of yogurt with P. acidilactici does not affect its quality and they may consequently aid in the development of new probiotic yogurt.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-144
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to investigate the self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and clothing benefit pursuit the gap between subjective age and real age according to gender and age of middle-aged consumers. For the study, the questionnaire was developed by the authors and distributed to male and female consumers in their forties or fifties on september 1~10, 2014. A total of 470 questionnaires was collected and used for the final analysis. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Tukey's test, using the SPSS 18.0 Package Program. The findings were summarized as follows. There were significant differences in the subjective age of middle-aged consumers according to gender and age. Female consumers in their fifties perceived their subjective age to be younger than male consumers in forties and fifties. There were no significant differences in self-esteem among the groups according to gender and age. Significant differences were found in appearance satisfaction of male consumers in their fifties having higher appearance satisfaction than female consumers in their forties. There were significant differences in some factors of clothing pursuit benefits including pursuit of fashion, pursuit of youth, pursuit of rationale, pursuit of leisure, and pursuit of loyalty, among the groups according to gender and age with female consumers placing more importance on clothing-related benefits than their male counterparts. Local fashion businesses to consumers who target middle-aged consumers, this study can provide a basic data.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2002

This research investigated experimentally on the population growth in the aquatic microcosm with the wastewater of plating factory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of culture conditions of the characteristic growth pattern of the examined species. Population of the system is consists of three organisms; Chlorella vulgaris as a producer, Cyclidium glaucoma as a consumer and Pseudomonas putida as a decomposer. The different growth patterns of each population are followed by surfactant type; Especially C. glaucoma was sensitive, Ch. uvlgaris was maintained population size stably even at high level of surfactant and p. putida was not significantly affected. After treatment of waste water from plating factory, it began to be affected at 1.0% solution treatment to Ch. vulgaris which the cell number was decreased prominently after 2 days, and C. glaucoma was disappeared at 2.5% solution treatment. P. putida was showed increasing pattern according to treatment concentration, at 2.5% solution and population size grew double. The result from current microcosm study indicates that this model system can be applied to environmental assessment method for various pollutants.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.4 s.100
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• pp.511-529
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate traditional Kyunggi area Korean foods suitable for standardization and commercialization as well as to investigate the perceptions of experts about these foods, and to analyze the important value factor characteristics according to classified traditional food groups by residents of the Kyunggi(n=104)areas of Korea. We determined the degree of value of various traditional foods by asking respondents to 13 items based on a 5 point Likert scale, and used the total scores of the items to determine their value. Based on the results of the total scores and frequently chosen foods, we attempted to select the foods suitable for standardization and commercialization. The results are summarized as follows. For main dishes Ogok-bap was selected as the primary suitable for standardization and commercialization. Next were Incheon yeong yang bap, Hobak-beombek, Hobak-juk, Gesungpyeonsu, Tteokguk, Kimchibap, Kimchimandu, and bap, respectively. Of the side dishes Bossam-kimchi was selected as the primary suitable food for standardization and commercialization followed by Bindaetteok, Sondubu, Samgyetang, Baekkimchi, Doenjang-jjigae, Suwongalbi, Japchae, and Cheonggukjang-jjigae, respectively. Finally, for favorite foods, Duteop-tteok was selected as the primary food suitable for standardization and commercialization. Next were Jeungpyeon, Yakgwa, Yaksik, Maejakgwa, Ssuk-tteok, Yeongeunjeonggwa, Songpyeon, and Osaekdasik, respectively. This study shows that a resident's evaluation of a traditional Kyunggi Korean food is affected by the their sense of value of the food, as well as by the social structure, which includes the population, economic condition, food policies, industrial technology, and culture. This research was conducted to preserve traditional Kyunggi Korean foods and to improve this area's regional income from the prospect of sellable goods. We expect that this research to be used as basic data in the development of new commercial traditional foods by the food industry, by offering a better understanding of diverse consumer sense and to also be used with dietary education data relative to following traditional meal patterns for diverse age groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.7
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• pp.172-183
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• 2014

The term "new woman" (신여성 [Sinyeoseong], 新女性) refers to an idealized image of contemporary women during the so-called modern period in East Asia. In Korea, these "modern girls" were also referred to as modan (毛斷), or "cut-hair", reflecting changes in appearances that rejected the traditional value system in favor of "the new" in everyday life. Although it was used to refer to the perceived educated leaders of this new period, it also had the negative connotation of referring to frivolous women only interested in the latest fashion. The popular discourse on this "new woman" was constantly changing during this early modern period in East Asia, ranging from male-driven women's movements to women-driven liberal and socialist movements. The discourse often included ideals of what constituted female impeccability in women's domestic roles and enlightened views on housekeeping, yet in most cases the "new woman" was also expected to be a good wife and mother as well as a successful career woman. The concept of the "new woman" was also accompanied by an upheaval in women's social roles and their physical boundaries, and resulted in women repositioning themselves in the new society. The new look was a way of constructing their bodies to fit their new roles, and this again was rapidly reproduced in visual media. Newspapers, magazines, and plays had gained immense popularity by this time and provided visual material for the age with covers, advertisements, and illustrations. This research will explore the fashion of the "new woman" through archival resources, specifically magazines published in the 1920s and 1930s. It will investigate how women's appearances and the images they pursued reflected the ideal image of the "new woman." Fashion information providers, trendsetters, and levels of popular acceptance will also be examined in the context of the early stage of the fashion industry in East Asia, including production and distribution. Additionally, as the idea of the "new woman" was a worldwide phenomenon throughout the 19th and early 20th century, the effect of Japanese colonialism on the structure of Korean culture and its role as a cultural mediator will also be considered in how the ideal image of beauty was sought, and whether this was a western, colonial, or national preference.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.931-944
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• 2013

With the expansion of EC and the development of culture industry, Web-site shopping of cultural products have become recognized as one of the major purchasing channels for customers, as well as one of the competitive distribution channels for film distributors or theater group. The research is to investigate the impact of information quality and user interface quality on information service satisfaction and online purchasing intention of cultural products. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Both information quality and interface quality have meaningful influence on information service satisfaction and purchase intention. 2) Information service satisfaction gives significant impact on online purchasing intention irrespective of the level of customer involvement. 3) Information quality has a meaningful influence on online purchasing intention in case of high level of customer involvement, while interface quality gives strong impact on online purchasing intention in case of low level of consumer involvement. In conclusion, there is a need to consider the level of customer involvement for building a successful marketing strategy of online purchase sites of cultural products.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.13
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• pp.45-65
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• 2008

The animation industries of Korea and China shares the effort for transition from work-for-hire Industry Into creative industry. In spite of similar industry background and characteristics, and the aggressive government policy to support this industry transition at the same point of time, the current status of animation industries in Korea and China are showing very different statistics as of the end of 2007. The production amount of Chinese original animation has grown rapidly since 2004, which has made China the top class country in the world in original animation production amount, and more than 600 million audience of Chinese TV animation has firmly established the Chinese domestic animation market basis. On the other hand, despite the Korean government support, original animation production of Korea has been showing a slow and sluggish growth, and Korean animations are losing the domestic market basis with only 1% TV ratings due to unfavourable Korean TV stations' programming practices against Korean animations. This different status of animation Industries of two countries are the result of different government policies and the fallacy of Korean government. While the Chinese government has focused its industry policy on the facilitating the domestic market by establishing the stable broadcasting TV distribution and encouraging the animation production through organic cooperation between related government agencies, Korean government spent lots of effort into facilitating the development of original animation projects, without cooperative structure In the government, and without sincere consideration on the importance of establishment of domestic market consumer basis.