A Study on the Toxicity Assessment of Plating Wastewater using Aquatic Microcosm

수계 Microcosm을 이용한 도금폐수의 독성평가

  • 위성욱 (일본국립환경연구소) ;
  • 도삼유평 (일본국립환경연구소) ;
  • 조경 (서강정보대학 소방안전관리과) ;
  • 나명석 (광주여자대학교 식품 환경보건학부) ;
  • 이종빈 (전남대학교 생명과학부)
  • Published : 2002.09.01

Abstract

This research investigated experimentally on the population growth in the aquatic microcosm with the wastewater of plating factory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of culture conditions of the characteristic growth pattern of the examined species. Population of the system is consists of three organisms; Chlorella vulgaris as a producer, Cyclidium glaucoma as a consumer and Pseudomonas putida as a decomposer. The different growth patterns of each population are followed by surfactant type; Especially C. glaucoma was sensitive, Ch. uvlgaris was maintained population size stably even at high level of surfactant and p. putida was not significantly affected. After treatment of waste water from plating factory, it began to be affected at 1.0% solution treatment to Ch. vulgaris which the cell number was decreased prominently after 2 days, and C. glaucoma was disappeared at 2.5% solution treatment. P. putida was showed increasing pattern according to treatment concentration, at 2.5% solution and population size grew double. The result from current microcosm study indicates that this model system can be applied to environmental assessment method for various pollutants.

생태계를 평가하기 위한 평가법으로 주로 사용되는 이화학적 측정 평가법은 객관적인 측정치를 제시하는데는 용이하다. 그러나 단지 측정치의 단순한 평균이나 최고치만으로는 타 인자와의 복합 효과 또는 지속 시간에 의한 가중 효과 때문에 실상을 나타낼 수 없는 경우가 많다. 이에 따라 이화학적 측정치들을 객관적으로 종합하여 생태계의 상태를 파악할 필요성이 보다 중요하다. 즉 key factor나 trigger factor와 같은 생물체의 내성과 관련이 있는 인자들로 종이나 생태계의 조절 기구와의 관계를 평가해야 한다. 또한 생물을 이용하여 생태계를 평가하는 방법으로 지표종을 이용한 평가방법이 있으나 오염원에 대한 누적 효과나 종합적인 평가를 판단하는데는 한계성이 있다. 따라서 생태계를 하나의 단위로 하는 평가 방법 이 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 실험은 생산자, 분해자, 소비자로 구성된 microcosm이용하여 대표적인 산업폐수인 도금공장 폐수에 대한 독성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 도금 폐수의 이화학적 성상은 크롬 42,234.8mg\ell^{-1}$, 구리 3.1mg\ell^{-l}$, 아연 $521.3mg\ell^{-1}$로 크롬이 다량 함유되어 있었으며, 시안은 $42.9mg\ell^{-1}$이었다. 도금 폐수를 농도별로 microcosm 내에 첨가한 후 각 개체군들의 동태 변화를 조사한 결과 Ch. vulgaris는 모든 처리구에서 대조구보다 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, P. putida는 대조구에 비해 증가하였으며, C. glaucoma는 농도가 증가함에 따라 개체수가 감소하기 시작하였으며, 2.5%이상의 처리구에서는 모든 개체수가 사멸하였다. 본 연구 결과 제어된 생물환경 조건하에서 구성된 microcosm이 실험 재현성이 비교적 우수하고, 안정된 미소 생태계를 유지할 수 있어 산업 폐수 및 오폐수에 대한 새로운 독성평가 방법으로 적용이 가능할 것으로 본다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ecology v.75 no.4 The effects of enrichment of three species food chains with nonlinear functional responses Abrams PA;JD Roth https://doi.org/10.2307/1939435
  2. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater APHA-AWWA-WPCF (18th ed.)
  3. Ann. Rev. Biochem. v.41 Biochemical effects of mercury, cadmium and lead Bert LV;DD Ulmer https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.41.070172.000515
  4. J. Environ. Qual. v.8 no.2 Effect of heavy metals on the denitrificat ion process in soil Bollag JM;W Brabasz https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1979.00472425000800020012x
  5. EPA-60013-82-018 U.S. EPA Effect of soluble fractions of use dlight-weight lignosulfate type mud and hexavalent chromium on the complete larval development of the crabs Bookhout CG
  6. J. Kor. Environ. Engineers v.17 no.9 Treatment of Metal Plating Wastewater by Polysulfide Cho SH;JC Lee;YC Chung
  7. J. Nurt. v.122 Nuclear zinc uptake and interactions and metallothionein gene expression are influenced by dietary zinc in rats Cousins RJ;LM Lee Ambrose
  8. Eur. J. Soil. Biol. v.31 no.1 Microcosm study of the interactions between micro-or-ganisms and enchytraeid worms in grassland soil and litter Forster B;J Rombke;T Knacker;E Morgan
  9. Casarett and Doll's toxicology. 2nd edition Metals Hammond PB;RP Beliles;J. Doull (ed.);C.D. Klaasen (ed.);M.O. Amdur (ed.)
  10. DOE Symposium series v.52 microcosms in Ecological Research Hill J;RG Wiegert;J. P. Giesy
  11. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Fourth Ser. (Biol.) v.37 Studies of the interaction in a microcosms Kurihara Y
  12. Mutation Res. v.75 Carcinogenicity teratogenicity and mutagenicity of arsenic Leonard A;RR Lauwerys https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(80)90027-5
  13. Mutation Res. v.87 Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity of nickel Leonard A;GB Gerber;P Jacquet https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(81)90002-6
  14. Environ. Poll v.16 Effect of chromium on some aquatic plants Mangi J https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(78)90079-4
  15. Brookheaven. Symp. Biol. v.22 Divirsity and Stability: A Practical Propasal and a Model of Independence Margalef R
  16. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. v.15 no.4 The community conditioning hypothesis and its application to Environmental toxicology Matthews RA;WG Landis;GB Matthws https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1996)015<0597:TCCHAI>2.3.CO;2
  17. J. Water. Pollut. Control. Fed. v.48 no.8 Chromium effects on coastal organisms Mearns AJ;PS Oshida;MJ Sherwood;R Young;DJ Reish
  18. Water Res. v.17 The measurement of complexation capacity and conditional stability constants for ligands in natural water Neubecker TA;HE Allen https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(83)90280-4
  19. Fundamentals of Ecology Odum EP (3rd ed.)
  20. Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology v.IIA The metals Stokinger HE;G.D. Clayton (ed.);F.E. Clayton (ed.)
  21. Ecotoxicol. Safety v.6 Effect of hexavalent chromium in rainbow trout and prolonged exposure at two different pH levels Van der Putte Z https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(82)90015-X
  22. World Neurology v.90 Mutagenicity of a series of hexacoordinate chromium (III) Compounds Warren G;P Schultz;D Bancroft;K Bennett;EH Abbott;S Rogers
  23. J. Cell Biol. v.101 Morphological study of the mammalian stress response: Characterization of changes in cytoplasmic organelles, cytoskelton and nucleoli and appearence of intracellular actin filaments In rat fibroblasts after heat shock treatment Welch WJ;JP Suhan https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.101.4.1198
  24. 水環境學會誌 v.17 no.10 マイクロコズムを用いた除草劑の水圈生態系に及ばす影響と評價 高木博夫;高松良江;稻森悠平
  25. 日本淡水藻圖鑑 廣瀨弘幸;山岸高旺
  26. 第28回 日本 水環境學會年會 講演集 界面活性劑の水圈微生物生態系モデルシステムを用いた影響評價 稻森悠平;高木博夫;高松良江;須藤隆一
  27. 水環境學會誌 v.18 no.2 マイクロコズムにおける代謝産物を考慮した微生物間相互作用のシミュレ-ション解析 稻森悠平;田中伸幸;川端善一郞;森忠洋;須藤隆一
  28. 日本淡水動物プランクトン檢索圖說 水野壽彦;高橋永治
  29. 第28回 日本 水環境學會年會 講演集 マイクロコズムにおける非土着細菌の動態に關する數理的解析 田中伸幸;森忠洋;稻森悠平;川端善一郞
  30. 博士學位論文, 鳥取大學大學院連合農學硏究科 生物資源科學專攻 水系マイクロコズムを用いた構成種の個體群動態の解析と生態系影響評價に關する硏究 田中伸幸
  31. マイクロコズムを用いたプランクトン群集構造變化の解析 川端善一郞 ;日本微生物生態學會(編)