• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.169-189
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• 2008

There are few studies on the characteristics of defaulters, though research in this field is needed. The purpose of this study was to find out social, economic and psychological characteristics of defaulters who are married and in their thirties. For this study, an in-depth interview was used. The major findings were as follows. The focus of this study is defaulters who are married, in their thirties, have managed small businesses by themselves or with their spouses and have experienced job fluctuation. There were a lot of reasons for their becoming defaulters. Most of all, a slump in business with the occurrence of individual events caused them to be enrolled as defaulters. The monthly mean income of defaulters was $1,800,000{\sim}5,000,000$ won, yet it was irregular. Moreover, they were dependent upon labor income or business income. The monthly mean expenditure of defaulters was $1,000,000{\sim}2,300,000$ won, which constituted about $26%{\sim}57.5%$ of their monthly mean income. The defaulters needed to budget a number of expenditures such as food and private education. Defaulters had $25,000,000{\sim}128,000,000$ won in debts and $300,000{\sim}3,000,000$ won per month in debt payments. Most of them didn't have any emergency funds, monetary assets or fixed assets. Interestingly, they showed high tendency to use debt and low skill for their money management. Defaulters had short time horizons and were likely to buy something on the spur of the moment.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.27-54
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• 2008

본 연구는 가정 내 유통업체(In-home shopping channel)의 다채널 고객관리에 시사점을 제공하기 위하여 가정 내 쇼핑채널로서 TV, 카탈로그 및 인터넷 쇼핑채널 간 소비자의 정보탐색과 구매행동과의 관계를 고찰하였다. 가정 내 쇼핑채널들의 정보탐색과 구매행동과의 관련성을 채널 내 고객 고정(channel lock-in)과 채널 간 시너지(cross-channel synergy)로 구분하여 영향력을 비교 평가하였다. 이를 위하여 1개월 동안의 가정 내 쇼핑채널 이용에 대한 자료를 345명의 가정주부를 대상으로 수집하였다. 소비자의 구매채널 이용행동을 선택, 빈도 및 지출행동으로 구분하여 분석을 수행만 결과 가정 내 쇼핑채널 간 정보탐색과 구매행동 간에는 높은 채널 내 고객 고정 효과가 나타나고 있으며 낮은 채널 간 시너지 효과가 나타나고 있었다. 또한 TV 채널의 경우 카탈로그와 인터넷 채널 간 대체성이 나타나는 반면에 카탈로그와 인터넷 채널은 보완성이 나타나고 있다. 이러만 결과는 가정내 다채널 유통기업에게 채널 간 조정과 통합 및 고객관리에 많은 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors mainly recognized by customers regarding environmental elements of clothing store. The respondents are classified into several groups according to their preferences on the environmental elements of clothing store. Also the relationship between the factors and the shopping characteristics of customers is reviewed based on the results. This survey was carried out through a questionnaire of male and female university students(Busan region) in their twenties. The data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test as a post identification and regression analysis. The results of this research can be summarized as follows; The perceived 7 factors about environmental elements of clothing store were service policy, store atmosphere, product variety, shopping convenience, trend of products, freedom of shopping and reception service. The respondents were classified into three groups(high recognizing group, middle recognizing group and low recognizing group) by the level of recognizing 7 factors. There were significant differences among 3 groups divided by the degree of recognizing the factors regarding environmental elements of clothing store and there was the meaningful relationship between these 7 factors and shopping characteristics. The high recognizing group has shopping characteristics like more shopping time, large expenditure for clothing and a lot of comparative stores. They are frequently in contact with clothing shopping environment and easily purchase clothes. Finally, the factors perceived by the environmental elements of clothing store significantly affected the shopping characteristics of the customers. So, store managers have to look for the perceived environmental elements of store by business and seek after the marketing factors which efficiently stimulate consumer.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.19-41
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• 2016

This study examines the human capital, economic capital, and psychological factors that influence social participation among the elderly in the future. The data, 'Survey on the Elderly in 2014', were collected from 'The Ministry of Health & Welfare' and the 'Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs'. The samples included 10,279 elderly people who were over 65 years of age. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the research model. The findings are as follows. First, the highest participation awareness level of all was for the hobbies and leisure activities, and the lowest participation awareness level was for volunteer activities. Second, human capital factors such as age, education level, and health status, and economic capital factors such as household consumption expenditure and standard of living signigicant affected social participation awareness among the elderly. Psychological factors such as self-esteem, depression, and the subjective age of becoming elderly, also affected the social participation awareness. Third, awareness differed by sex. In particular, age and depression were restrictions of social participation awareness that were more common among elderly women than among elderly men, although single women were more likely to participate in religious, learning, and hobby and leisure activities. In contrast, chronic diseases and household consumption expenditures were more restrictive of social participation awareness among elderly men compared to elderly women. These results show that human capital, economic capital, and psychological factors heavily influence the social participation awareness of the elderly, although the degree of influence of these factors differs by sex.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate the rate of credit card payment for private education. The results of study can be used to improve credit card handling problems of private educational institutes, leading toward improvements in income transparency, increase in tax burden equity and long-term economic welfare improvement for individual households. 424 households out of 586 household that were surveyed in September of 2002 had 1,700 cases private extracurricular education. 67 of the 1,700 cases that did not have expenditure records were removed from the analysis. Only 3.67％ out of 1,633 cases were paid by a credit cards and the amount of credit card payment were only 5.65％ of the total amount spent for private education. The average fee of private educational institutes that allow credit card payment was higher than the fees of private institutes which don't allow a credit card payment or those of private institutes where consumers don't know whether a credit card payment was allowed. The average fee of private education paid by credit cards was 34,465.46 won higher than that paid by cash. Credit card payments to private educational institutions is an important social issue with respect to fair tax collection and tax burden equity since most private educational services operate in fairly small sizes and are offered by the self-employed, and the expense of private education is a fairly large proportion of the household income. It is also important for consumers if credit card acceptance expands alternatives that consumers can choose in private education. Therefore, credit card payment should be encouraged in private extracurricular education. To do this, private education providers should be forced to join a credit card payment service by the National Tax Service. A regulation that prohibits the refusal of credit card payments should be required, and credit card service charges of private education providers should be incrementally decreased. Also, consumer education and public promotions for credit card use instead of cash in paying for private education fees are recommended.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2018

In general, an increase in consumer income increases interest in safe foods and increases consumption of environmental friendly foods. Meanwhile, even in Malawi, interest in safe food and environmentally friendly food has been increasing due to increase in per capita income, but research related to this has not been done yet. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of environmentally friendly foods in Malawi consumers. For this purpose, we surveyed the consumption patterns and estimated the value of organic chicken for consumers visiting supermarkets. As a value estimation technique, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used. Probit model analysis showed that price, expenditure on regular chicken, and knowledge of organic food affect the willingness to pay for organic chicken. CVM analysis shows that Malawi supermarket consumers are willing to pay MK2,514 (3.59) dollars per kilo of organic chicken, which is 25.7% higher than the average price of a regular chicken. Thus, Malawi supermarket consumers can deduce that they have a higher value for environmentally friendly food than regular food. These findings can be used in formulating policies on food safety by government officials, organic chicken meat marketing strategies by supermarket mangers, decision making to enhance organic food production by producers, in order to develop organic food industry.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2021

Purpose: Despite the fact that face (i.e. Chemyon) is deeply-rooted in Korean culture and significantly affects the behavior of Korean people, the effect of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior has only reported mixed findings, that is, significant and/or insignificant face effects have been reported. It is necessary to integrate prior research findings, and comprehensively examine the effect of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect (i.e. effect size, and moderating variables) of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior through meta-analysis. Research design, data and methodology: Among 1,019 face-related academic studies, retrieved from the academic research information services (RISS), 34 studies and 300 cases examining the effect of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior were finally included for meta-analysis. Face measured as face sensitivity and/or a face sensitivity sub-component (shame-consciousness, formality-consciousness, and other-consciousness) were integrated in the meta-analysis. Leisure consumers' consumption behavior was classified as antecedents of purchase (overall conspicuous consumption tendency, overall symbolic consumption tendency, personality, high price, high quality, brand seeking, fashion seeking, enjoyment, other person (interpersonal) consideration, position, reference group, and attitude), purchase (purchase intention, unplanned purchase, purchase, and expenditure), and post-purchase (satisfaction, repurchase, and post-purchase). The data used in the meta-analysis was comprised of correlation coefficients, and the meta-analysis was performed using the R-program. Results: The overall mean effect size of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior was .248. It was found that the effect size was the largest in the order of shame-consciousness face, formality-consciousness face, and other-consciousness face. Among the types of leisure consumers' consumption behavior categorized as dependent variables, the effect size was found to be largest in the order of position, attitude, reference group, post-purchase behavior, brand seeking, personality, trend seeking, etc. In addition, it was found that the leisure types moderated the effect size of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior. The effect size was found to be largest in the order of skin diving, baseball, various leisure participation, dance, gambling, golf, etc. Conclusions: Face moderately or significantly influence leisure consumers' consumption behavior.

• 경제분석
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.43-69
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• 2021

한국은 중국과의 교역 규모가 큰 데다 금융부문의 연계성 또한 점차 강화되고 있어 중국 통화정책 변화가 다양한 경로를 통해 한국 경제에 파급영향을 미치고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중국 통화정책 운영상의 특징과 최근 운영 현황을 살펴보고, VAR 모형을 이용하여 중국 통화정책 변화가 한국 경제에 미치는 영향과 파급경로에 대해 분석하였다. 중국 통화정책 변화의 파급경로를 대중 수출 및 무역수지 등 한국 교역변수(무역경로)와 이자율, 주가, 물가 등 금융변수(금융경로, 원유가격경로)에 미치는 영향으로 나누어 분석한 결과, 중국 통화정책 완화 충격은 무역경로 중 수직적 무역통합 경로를 통해 한국의 대중 중간재 수출을 증가시킨 것으로 나타났다. 반면 지출전환 경로와 소득수요 경로는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 금융경로 및 원유가격경로에서는 글로벌 투자자금 흐름 재조정, 금리차 및 원자재가격 변동 등을 통해 중국 통화정책 완화 충격이 한국 금리 하락과 주가 및 물가 상승을 유발하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 복식
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2007

Despite the recovery of consumer expenditure and retailing in the Korean economy after 2001, the domestic apparel industry has been aggravated by negative growth in both productivity and production. The purpose of the stud? is to diagnose the develop competitive of the Korean apparel industry and derive implications for this after estimating the efficiency of the Korean apparel companies with Data Envelopment Analysis. Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is a methodology based in non-parametric analysis and linear programming. It was developed for measuring the relative efficiency of a set of firms that use inputs to produce outputs. Data used fer input and output variables in the analysis are drawn from financial statement recorded by the Korean Financial Supervisory Service. The initial input data comprise the number fo the employees, fixed assets, general management and selling expenses, and cost of sales. The initial outputs are the operating profit and the gross margin. To summary the results, the efficiencies of the Korean apparel companies has increased yearly in spite of being overabundance of investment in Labour and Capital. According to correlation between input and output variables, the Korean apparel industry has been revamping gradually from labor intensive industries to the capital. The companies need to reduce costs in the results from the number of employees, fixed asset and cost of sales to transform into an efficiently enterprise. The companies owning or obtaining a brand had bitter establish an outsourcing strategic in production, while OEM corporations are called far setting up a manufactory in domestic or abroad. Although the paper is derived some implications with production efficiencies, the relation between apparel companies and brand power, consumption level of consumer, and social trend is remained on a limitation to the study. The next research necessitates a topic with Fashion industry or examining the correlation between brand value, social propensity and profit margin.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제4권1_2호
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• pp.19-57
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• 1973

Laver io one of the most necessary and seasonal items in Korean food from oldtimes. Laver is lagely eaten in dried form, and its supply depends entirely upon culture weeds. The history of laver culture in Korea about sixty or seventy years is older than in Japan. Significance of laver culture is divided into two aspects, one is food supply in the nation, and the other is export to other countries. Houses engaged in laver culture are about foully thousands, and laver production in 1972 is estimated as 1, 3 bitten sheets. (1 sheet is a dried laver of 20 cm sq, in the shape of paper) Especcially meaning of layer production is the concentration of labour input, and systematic management of labour. From around 1920, the method of laver culture was introduced by Japanese Imperialism for mono culture in shallow seas, and mass products of laver is provided to Japan market, DOMESTIC MARKET Fundamental consume function calculates at below, $D_{(68_71)}$=16354 $Y^{0.471}$ $P^{-1.0662}$ where D is total layer demand, Y income variable, P price variable. It means income elasticity is 476. in the whole country, and price elasticity is 1, 07. But generally income elasticity is higher in urban area than in rural area, as shown at 1, 3 in Seoul city. Expence of laver in house expenditure is mutually correlated with another expence, See Table 12 about the relative function. See Table 14 and 16 about the relation between the gathering and the changes of price in auction, wholesale and retail price support system is for two effects, one of which is constraint of the upper price, the other is rise of the lower price. Before the system control, the equation in three year average calculated as below, $Y_{b}$ ＝18, 907.7455＋15435.9364 t (r=0.89) where the origin t＝0 is the November and the units are month. Post the system control, $Y_{p}$ =30, 047.9636+1, 631.1721t (r＝0.97) therefore, this system has an effect only on the rise of lower price, Average annual margins of laver products at four market levels according to the consumer spent is below. EXPORTING MARKET Japanese demand function of laver products is, Log D=5, 289+1, 108 Log Y-1, 395 Log P (r=0.987) where D is Japanese laver demand, Y income variable, P price variable. according to which income elasticity is 1. 1 and price elasticity is 1.4. Laver production in 1970 tile highest record till then, is estimated as six billion sheets. But the recent improvement of laver culture techniques, the production of seeds and freezing storage of seeds has been stabilized. Futher new culture farms have been developed by means of break- water fences or by floating culture method. These improvements have been backed up with increased demand of laver products. Import quantity and price of Korean laver products are restrained by three organizations, that is producer, distributor and consumer. This relationship calculated by regression equation shows that import is influenced only producer organization, at the sacrifice of consumer profit. For increase to export of laver products, we urgently require to open foreign trade of laver products for Japanese consumer, .and Japan has political responsibility to solve Korean laver structure. But with long run timeseries, as regards Japanese production and import quantity, importing function shows increasing trend as below, 250 million sheets ＜3, 947.1674+0.005 $L_{g}$ ＞) 600 million sheets where $L_{q}$ is relative production quantity of laver in Japan. (unit; 100 thousand sheets) Our Export effort should be put on the highly processed products whithin the restraind quote.ote.