• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.171-192
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• 2011

This paper focuses on the retail industry of industrial share of the GDP, productivity of distribution industry and input-out analysis between Korea and Japan, also results are summarized as follows. First, the share of GDP in agriculture, forestry and fisheries of the both countries is falling. That of manufacture increases in South Korea, while Japan is falling. While distribution industry shows vice versa. Employed population by industry is falling both countries also. The relative labor productivity shows that agriculture, forestry and fisheries, retail industry needs more labor, while manufacture has been met for both countries. Second, compare to Japan, the retail industry of Korea has been increased since 1990. Likewise, overall productivity of distribution industry in Korea has been increased while almost that of Japan has declined. Third, production inducement effects of Japan are greater than that of Korea. On the other hand, import inducement effects show vice versa. Fourth, as shown from the final demand of distribution industry and the rate of dependence on production inducement, we can see that the “increase in stocks” increases while gross government fixed capital formation shows vice versa. Korea's private consumption expenditure increases while Japan shows versa. South Korea's government consumption expenditure and exports are rising, on the other hand, that of Japan is declining. Fifth, the rate of dependence on distribution industry and import inducement shows the same tendency from both countries. As we can see from the private consumption expenditure, government consumption expenditure, gross government fixed capital formation, gross private fixed capital formation, increase in stocks, the rate of dependence on import inducement is more effective than the rate of dependence on production inducement. While the exports are comparatively ineffective. Sixth, the degrees of influence of retail industry are similar between Korea and Japan, while sensitivity of the Korean industry has been weakened. In this sense, strong policies are needed to boost the industry. Seventh, the investments in the retail industry of Korea showed the public-led trend, while Japan showed private sector-led investment trend. The investment trend of Korea's retail industry will be switched into private sector-led investment step by step in the future. This finding will be an important clue to set the policy direction of Korea distribution industry. Finally, both Korea and Japan are still in need of employment in retail industry. Not addressed in this paper, such as value-added-induced effects, employment inducement effect, will be remaining challenges in the following paper.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.713-720
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• 2013

The objectives of this study are to identify whether the small area variation also exists in the oriental medicine and, if it exists, what causes, to expand our boundary of research interests on the small area variation observed at the western medicine toward the oriental medicine as one of the fundamental research foundations and to provide any fundamental findings from this study results to the healthcare politicians to promote consumer's rational behaviors for the use of healthcare. This study analyzed the health insurance claim data (2010, 2011) which were the patients of western medicine and the outpatients of the oriental medicine with the top 10 most frequent diseases and looked into the variation of healthcare utilization among the areas after grouping resident area into an 86-area category. The study result shows that the small area variation was also observed at the part of the oriental medicine in which the characteristics of patients critically affect the healthcare expenditure per visit day rather than those of providers and the characteristics of both patients and providers equally affect the healthcare expenditure per patient. Therefore, this study suggests that government set up healthcare policies on the standardization of oriental medicine to prevent its over-utilization and unmet need, enforcing the roles of oriental medicine in the markets, enhancing the appropriate health care utilization, and expanding provision and sharing the health care information to reduce unnecessary health care utilization.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.62
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• pp.321-346
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among customer access service, internal response, and consumption behavior of security agency users through a structural model. The research will be meaningful in that it can contribute to the development of the security industry by identifying the importance of customer access service, which is an empirical face of buyers using security agency, and thus establishing the relationship between consumer reaction and consumption behavior. The study subject is a store that uses security agency in areas with dense shopping districts in Cheonan and Asan of South Chungcheong Province, where 375 store representatives and employees were selected to conduct the research. Research tools were modified and used to suit the purpose of the research based on domestic and foreign prior research. Using two statistical programs, SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0, data processing was performed: frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmed factor analysis, and structural model analysis. The statistical significance level was analyzed by setting a value of .05 and the following conclusions were obtained. First, the customer access service of security agency users has a positive impact on consumption behavior. Second, the customer access service of security agency users has a positive effect on the internal response. Third, the internal response of security agnecy users has a positive effect on consumption behavior. Fourth, the internal response has a positive effect as a medium effect between customer access service and consumption behavior of security agency users.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-74
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• 2013

This research developed standardized satellite accounts for household production to measure the entire production in Korea using representative Korean data. This study utilized standardized methods for measuring the expenditure and consumption of expendable supplies as an element of intermediate goods in household production. The results of this research can be summarized as follows. First, the total value of household production in Korea in 2009 turned was 268 trillion won, which would be 10.16% of the GDP, based on using the method of replacement by specialty for estimating the value of housework, while it was 356 trillion won, which would be 13.5% of the GDP (2,636 trillion won), based on the method of opportunity cost. Second, the economic value of labor invested in household production was 220 trillion won when using the data from 12 main corresponding wages in the market, while it was 203 trillion won when using the method of total replacement, which used the wages of housekeepers, and 290 trillion won when using the method of opportunity cost in measuring the value of housework labor. Third, in estimating the proportion by section in terms of the total value of household production, the portion of labor in household production was measured from 76% to 82%, depending on the methods used, which is the most significant section. These results indicate that housework has the characteristics of labor-centered work. On the other hand, the value of expenditure on and consumption of expendable supplies, as one element of intermediate goods, is 63 trillion won, which is 17.7% (using the method of opportunity cost in measuring the labor of housework) of household production. Also, the value of capital goods, as the other element of intermediate goods is 2.3 trillion won, which is 0.9% (using the method of opportunity cost) of household production. In conclusion, as an element of household production, housework labor was higher in household production than expenditures on expendables, especially for cooking, cleaning, and caring for children. In the future, people should be cautious about estimating that the amount of household work could be reduced, as women's labor in the market and the household work produced by the market will increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.3_4 s.141
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• pp.523-534
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• 2005

This study was to examine the factor structure of pursuing benefit and satisfaction at casual and official wear, to analyze the differences of pursuing benefit, satisfaction, and clothing purchase behavior among the consumer groups segmented by store pursuing benefits, and to provide useful information for establishment of marketing strategies. The subjects were 500 female consumers experienced in purchasing clothes at fashion outlet stores. A total of 500 questionnaires were analyzed with $X^2$-test, ANOVA, factor analysis and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as follows: 1. Pursuing benefit and satisfaction at casual wear and official wear were composed of 5 factors. 2. Pursuing benefit and satisfaction at casual and offcial wear, and clothing purchasing behavior variables such as informants, frequency of purchase, shopping time, and average monthly expenditure on clothes were significantly different among the 3 segmented groups. Product pursuing group was shown to seek higher level of esthetic feeling, suitability for self image and body, fsshion and symbolic meaning of brand than other groups in casual and official wear and to be most satisfied at symbolic meaning of brand, social recognition, and practicality in casual wear of outlet and at suitability and social recognition in official wear of outlet. Store convenience pursuing group was shown to seek higher level of suitability for self image and body, quality, and practicality than other groups in casual and official wear and to be most satisfied at quality and practicality in casual wear of outlet and at practicality and suitability in of cial wear of outlet. Price pursuing group was shown to seek and to be most satisfied at practicality in casual and official wear of outlet.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.61-77
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• 2009

This study investigates the disposal of clothing and the purchasing behavior and usage of environmentally friendly clothing. After compiling data from 500 consumers who reside in Seoul, it was analyzed by ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square, and multiple regression analysis. The behavioral score for buying environmentally friendly clothing was lower than the average value of the three. The lowest value was for the purchase of used clothing, but the purchase of environmentally friendly clothing was also shown to have a low value. For the usage and disposal of clothing, unused clothing, which was mostly just left in dresser drawers, was the most preferable method. Also, exchange or resale via anInternet mall was shown to be lower than the other methods. The analysis between clothing purchase and usage as well as the disposal of clothing with socio-demographics, consumption tendencies, opinions of friends and groups, commercials and advertisements, and environmental perceptions points out differences among groups. There are statistically significant differences in the purchasing intentions of slow fashion according to socio-demographics. Female consumers between $20{\sim}25$ years of age were more likely to purchase slow fashion clothing. Consumers with a high consumption tendency who were highly influenced by commercials, friends, and groups were more likely to purchase slow fashion clothing. The influence of the average clothing expenditure on an environmentally friendly purchasing behavior and the influence of the age group on repairing and usagewas the most effective. All in all, contribution to an environmentally friendly perception was the most effective variable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.422-431
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• 2012

The influence of a marketing mix on the consumer purchasing process is well documented in academic fields; however, studies of when consumers purchase fashion brands or products in terms of the day-of-the-week effect and 10-days-of-the-month effect on various channels to a given brand in practice are limited in the fashion industry. This study empirically describes the purchase timing behavior for athletic shoes using daily sales data from a domestic brand in Korea from January in 2006 to December in 2010. The results show that Saturday and Sunday have significantly higher sales than weekdays. In addition, the first and third 10-days-of-the-month yield a higher sales volume than the second 10-days-of-the-month. The department store's sales volume (compared with discount and franchised stores) was higher in the first 10-days-of-the-month; however, the discount and franchised stores have a higher sales volume in the second 10-days-of-the-month. Three store types have no significant differences in sales volume for the third 10-days-of-the-month. Based on the results, in practice, marketers for a specific domestic brand can develop a new marketing expenditure plan, store supply plan, and cash-in and cash-out plan to maximize profits. This research can introduce constructs such as purchase timing distribution, the day-of-the-week effect, and the ten-days-of-the-month effect for the fashion industry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2014

This study is to estimate a demand of coffee in Korea. And based on assumed data, this study is to investigate price elasticity, income elasticity and cross-price elasticity of coffee demand. The data used in this study is the household income and expenditure survey micro data (2003~2012) provided by the National Statistical Office. And LA/AIDS model and SUR method were utilized in order to forecast coffee demand. As a result, price elasticity and income elasticity are found to be correspond with economic theory as they were assumed to -0.259, 0.455 respectively. Meanwhile, it indicated characteristic of essential good by showing negative (-) income odds ratio estimate. When it comes to cross-price elasticity of coffee and cigarette, it was found to be a complementary relation as its cross-price elasticity was assumed to -0.121. Besides, it was found that male consume more coffee than female, while people in their age of 50s consumes mostly. In conclusion, this study suggests necessity of reconsidering coffee as important goods when Consumer Price Stabilization Policy is determined, as coffee shows characteristic of essential goods which is inelastic.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.365-410
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• 2015

Block-rate structures are widely used in utility-pricing, including the Korean residential electricity sector. In the case of the current pricing structure, Korean citizens are highly concerned about incurring excessive electricity costs. For these reasons, there have been many discussions concerning mitigation of the strict pricing structure. Existing studies on the residential electricity demand function under block-rate structure have the following three issues - the consumer's budget constraint is non-linear, perceived price under block-rate structure is uncertain, block-rate structure has endogeneity in the price variable. In this context, this paper estimates the residential electricity demand function using micro-level household expenditure data and simulates the impact of alternative block-pricing schedules.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1590-1600
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• 2009

This study investigates the fashion lifestyles and the effect on clothing purchase behavior by female consumers living in Mumbai India. Data were collected from 129 Indian women in their teens to thirties living in Mumbai and were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, ${\chi}^2$-test, frequency analysis using SPSS 12.0. The results of this study are as follows. Five factors of fashion lifestyle are identified: fashion consciousness, price orientation, advertisement/brand orientation, being aware of others, and tradition orientation. Female consumers were classified into four groups based on fashion lifestyle factors: display/brand oriented group, active profit seeking group, fashion oriented group, and a tradition oriented group. There were significant differences among the fashion lifestyle groups on five criteria (latest fashion, price, commonality with existing clothing, size, and the distance to the store) out of the 13 criteria. The display/brand oriented group showed high scores on the latest fashion and size. The active profit-seeking group generally showed high scores on all five factors. The fashion oriented group showed high scores on latest fashion and commonality with existing clothing when buying clothes. Finally, the tradition oriented group showed high scores only on the distance to the shop, while they (the tradition oriented group) showed low scores on the other criteria. The examination on the actual conditions of clothing purchase among fashion lifestyle groups showed that only the monthly expenditure for clothing is significantly different. The display/brand oriented group and active profit seeking group spent more on clothing than the other two groups.