• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.61-81
• /
• 2020

Purpose - This paper examines how the consumer animosity of partner country influences the purchase of foreign products. We analyzed news sentiment to determine whether Chinese consumer's animosity affect the purchase of the products made in Korea around the time when the U.S. Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile system was deployed in South Korea. Design/methodology - To measure the tone of Chinese consumer animosity more carefully, we utilized a text mining technique of the Chinese language to read the public's opinion. Using Chinese news paper's editorials of 2015.1-2018.10, we analyzed the sentiment toward Korea and regressed it with Korean export to China. Findings - Empirical results report that Chinese consumers tended to reduce their purchase of consumer goods from Korea when the animosity increased, that is, the sentiments of Chinese news editorials were negative. In contrast, the animosity did not affect the purchase of Korean intermediates or raw materials. We further analyzed the effect by dividing the animosity into three categories; politics, economics, and culture. Among these groups, political news exhibits a unique effect on Chinese purchase on consumer goods from Korea. Originality/value - Existing literature on animosity models has measured the animosity by collecting the consumers' opinions through survey at a given time point, whereas it is measured by analyzing the tone of the press release by sentiment analysis during the time period around the event occurrence in this study.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.321-336
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study aims to investigate how consumer awareness and purchasing behavior are affected by the type of animosity against the nation. This study classified animosity into three categories: sociocultural, economic, and war-based. Additionally, the consumer's cognition toward animosity was split into two categories-empathic concernt and personal distress-and the direction of consumption behavior was split into two categories-individual brand avoidance behavior and collective bandwagon behavior. The concept of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) was introduced for the direction of consumption behavior, further validating the moderating impact. Structural equation modeling method was used to measure the general consumption behvior of Korean consumers' animosity. The results were analyzed using a total of 279 samples. As a result, animosity motivated by war and by economics had a substantial impact on empathic concern, while animosity motivated by socioculture had a significant impact on personal distress. Personal distress had a good impact on an individual's brand antipathy behavior, which in turn led to brand dislike and avoidance. Empathic concern also had a positive impact on the phenomena of group sympathy, which leads to identification of conduct and social conformity. Also, it was proven that the group that had a high level of FoMO reacted strongly to the phenomenon of group collective behavior.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.111-128
• /
• 2022

This study tried to verify the effect of situational consumer animosity on consumer attitudes and behaviors with the moderating effect of cultural internalization. For this purpose, 460 valid survey data were collected from Koreans. The causal and regulatory relationships between the variables were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural model analysis using AMOS with the collected data. It was confirmed that the national situational animosity had a negative effect on quality evaluation, while personal situational animosity did not. Also, the positive relationship between quality evaluation and purchase intention was confirmed. In addition, it was found that internalization of individual culture moderates the effect of quality evaluation on purchase intention.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.79-91
• /
• 2020

This research aims to study the effect of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity towards the purchase of Korean visual arts products by Chinese consumers. Total of 302 questionnaires were distributed for measuring the constructs using the online survey website (www.sojump.com). All the questionnaires were validated and tested for further statistical analysis through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and later a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 statistical systems. In addition, structural equation modeling technique (SEM) was applied for testing the hypotheses. Among all variables, consumer ethnocentrism plays the most negatively significant role, followed by animosity toward buying Korean products. Fortunately, there is a positive variable, cosmopolitanism, that can help mitigate the impact of this hostility, and more interesting results are described in detail in the current paper. This study has been added value between theory and practice exploring ethnocentrism and animosity effects, and more theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제37권7호
• /
• pp.894-906
• /
• 2013

The Chinese fashion market is a fierce battlefield for foreign brands and domestic brands. This research carefully analyzed several effects based on theories related to the country of origin for brands and consumer attitudes. All data were collected by a questionnaire distributed to Chinese consumers who have experienced global fashion brands. Data collection was conducted in March 2011. A total of 382 complete responses were used for the analysis. The results were as follows: First, for Chinese brands, there was a direct consumer ethnocentrism (CET) effect on brand attitudes. Second, CET showed no effect for European brands; however, conspicuous consumption had a significant positive influence. Third, there existed direct effects of CET and economic animosity on brand attitudes for brands from an unfriendly country. There was a positive moderating effect of conspicuous consumption on the association between CET and Japanese brand attitudes; in addition, a negative situation perception aggravates the negative relationship between economic animosity and Japanese brand attitudes. The results of the study can help marketers obtain more specific knowledge of brand attitudes for target consumer groups as well as enable them to plan and implement well-suited strategies for fashion businesses in China.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제16권9호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2018

Purpose - In recent, Japanese retailers have expanded their business into Korea, although Korean customers have anti-Japan sentiment in their mind, It is, thus, necessary to investigate how Korean customers react to Japanese retailers, when selecting a shopping place. Research design, data, and methodology - The authors have developed a research model with five hypotheses, based on the literature review process, and used confirmative factor analysis(CFA) as well as a structural equation model(SEM) as a research technique, in order to verify hypotheses. Results - All of hypotheses are accepted. Anti-Japan sentiment significantly influences consumer ethnocentrism and animosity. Interestingly, consumer ethnocentricity affects the formation process of animosity. Rather than ethnocentrism, animosity relatively influences customer attitudes towards Japanese retailers, when Korean customers choose a retailer. Conclusions - The authors found that anti-Japan sentiment has significantly affected Korean customer attitudes. In order for Japanese retailers to increase their market shares in the Korean market, they have to make a significant effort to alleviate the degree of anti-Japan sentiment, together with Japanese government. In contrast with research findings, Japanese retailers have done their business very well in Korea. Considering that Japanese retailers target younger customers in Korea, demographic elements should be involved in the future research.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.185-206
• /
• 2013

소비자의 제품에 대한 평가는 구매의도에 영향이 미친다는 연구 논문들이 이미 나오고 있다. 소비자의 제품 평가는 제품의 품질, 구매 후 만족도와 기타 유형적인 가치에 기초를 두고 있을 뿐만 아니라 원산지 이미지, 브랜드 이미지 등 같은 무형의 가치에 두기도 한다. 일반적으로 소비자의 제품평가는 실질적인 품질이나 구매 후 만족에 의해 편성된다. 이러한 편성은 원산지 이미지와 같은 사회심리적인 영향으로 나타나기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 소비자 자민중심주의와 더불어 과거 수입국 소비자들이 잊을 수 없는 경제적. 정치적이나 심지어 군사적인 활동에 관여됨에 의해 나타나는 제품 원산지에 대한 선입관의 일환인 적대감이 구매의도에 미치는 관계를 연구하고자 한다. 분석 결과, 제품 평가는 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 주고 있음을 확인하였으며 소비자 자민중심주의와 적대감은 제품평가와 구매의도에 부(-)의 영향을 주고 있음을 발견하였다. 중국 시장의 경우, 자민중심주의적인 소비자는 외국 제품 구매에 대해 부정적인 인식을 가지고 있으며 또한 중국 소비자들의 일본 제품에 대한 강한 적대감이 제품평가 및 구매의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 일본 기업들은 중국 기업과의 협력과 정부간 친밀감 증대를 위한 노력을 확대시킬 필요가 있다. 반면에 한국 제품의 경우, 제품 평가가 일차적으로 소비자의 구매의도에 영향을 미치고 있으므로 한국 기업들은 소비자의 제품평가의 개선을 위해서 제품의 품질, 구매 후 만족도, 브랜드 이미지와 무형의 요소들을 개선시킬 필요가 있다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2016

An extensive body of research on the effects of country-of-origin has emerged in the international marketing and business literature streams. Nonetheless, extant studies do not satisfactorily demonstrate whether and how a foreign firm's choice of market entry mode influences consumers' purchase intentions of its product in country-related affect contexts. Using a survey and an experimental design, we aimed to provide evidence of the effects of the choice on consumers' evaluation and attitude of its product in an animosity context and in a national image context. Through the survey, we collected data regarding consumer animosity, national image, product evaluation, and product attitude from 185 university students and tested the hypotheses that consumer animosity and national image have effects on foreign product evaluation and attitude. The results of the survey research show that personal animosity has a negative effect on consumers' evaluation of foreign products and that a country's image regarding economics has positive effects on consumers' attitude toward foreign products as well as consumers' evaluation of foreign products. In the experimental design, we divided subjects into four groups and exposed them to several descriptions of hypothetical purchase situations. Conducting a 2 (market entry modes)${\times}2$ (country-of-origin) ANOVA, we tested the hypothesis that a market entry mode influences foreign product evaluation and attitude. The results of the experimental study reveal that in a high country-related product association (Germany), market entry modes have insignificant effects on foreign product evaluation and attitude. In addition, in a low country-related product association (China), international partnership has more positive effects on foreign product evaluation and attitude than does exporting.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.69-87
• /
• 2005

최근 일본의 역사교과서 왜곡과 독도에 대한 영유권 주장은 한국 소비자들에게 반일감정을 불러일으키고 있다. 이러한 사건은 두 나라 사이의 정치적 관계 뿐 만이 아니라 경제적 관계를 악화시키고 더 나아가 일본제품에 대한 불매운동으로까지 번질 수가 있다. 본 연구에서는 일본에 대한 원한과 소비자들의 자국중심주의 성향이 일본제품에 대한 만족과 재구매의도에 영향을 미치는 지를 살펴보았다. 일본에 대한 반일감정인 원한이 제품 재구매의도에 부정적으로 영향을 미치며, 소비자 자국중심주의에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 자국중심주의가 제품만족과 재구매의도에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 가실을 설정하였다. 공분산구조분석에 의한 통계적 검정결과 제안된 모형이 지지되는 것으로 나타났으며, 일본에 대한 원한이 재구매의도구와 소비자 자국중심주의에 각각 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 국제지역연구
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.133-158
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 중국소비자의 한국에 대한 적대감과 자민족중심주의가 한국산 제품에 대한 신뢰와 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 실시되었으며, 실증분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국소비자의 적대감과 자민족중심주의가 긍정적인 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 중국소비자의 한국에 대한 적대감이 한국산 제품신뢰 및 구매의도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 그러나 중국소비자의 자민족중심주의는 한국산 제품에 대한 신뢰 및 구매의도에 통계적으로 유의한 어떠한 영향도 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 마지막으로 중국소비자들의 한국산 제품에 대한 신뢰는 구매의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 위의 연구결과는 중국 내수시장을 목표로 하는 국내 기업들과 국제마케터들 모두에게 중요한 시사점을 줄 것이라 생각된다.