• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.218-226
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• 2015

Background: The present study aimed to analyze the index value trends of injured employed persons (IEPs) covered in Pakistan Labour Force Surveys from 2001-02 to 2012-13. Methods: The index value method based on reference years and reference groups was used to analyze the IEP trends in terms of different criteria such as gender, area, employment status, industry types, occupational groups, types of injury, injured body parts, and treatment received. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was also performed to investigate the inter-relationship of different occupational variables. Results: The values of IEP increased at the end of the studied year in industry divisions such as agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing, followed by in manufacturing and construction industry divisions. People associated with major occupations (such as skilled agricultural and fishery workers) and elementary (unskilled) occupations were found to be at an increasing risk of occupational injuries/diseases with an increasing IEP trend. Types of occupational injuries such as sprain or strain, superficial injury, and dislocation increased during the studied years. Major injured parts of body such as upper limb and lower limb found with increasing trend. Types of treatment received, including hospitalization and no treatment, were found to decrease. Increased IEP can be justified due to inadequate health care facilities, especially in rural areas by increased IEP in terms of gender, areas, received treatment, occupational groups and employment status as results found after Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Conclusion: The increasing trend in the IEP% of the total employed persons due to agrarian activities shows that there is a need to improve health care setups in rural areas of Pakistan.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2016

Background: With the increase in the number of particle accelerator facilities under either operation or construction, the accurate calculation using Monte Carlo codes become more important in the shielding design and radiation safety evaluation of accelerator facilities. Materials and Methods: The calculations with different physics models were applied in both of cases: using only physics model and using the mix and match method of MCNPX code. The issued conditions were the interactions of 600 MeV proton and $290MeV{\cdot}n^{-1}$ oxygen with a carbon target. Both of cross-section libraries, JENDL High Energy File 2007 (JENDL/HE-2007) and LA150, were tested in this calculation. In the case of oxygen ion interactions, the calculation results using LAQGSM physics model and JENDL/HE-2007 library were compared with D. Satoh's experimental data. Other Monte Carlo calculations using PHITS and FLUKA codes were also carried out for further benchmarking study. Results and Discussion: It was clearly found that the physics models, especially intra-nuclear cascade model, gave a great effect to determine proton-induced secondary neutron spectrum in MCNPX code. The variety of physics models related to heavy ion interactions did not make big difference on the secondary particle productions. Conclusion: The variations of secondary neutron spectra and particle transports depending on various physics models in MCNPX code were studied and the result of this study can be used for the shielding design and radiation safety evaluation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.233-241
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• 2002

Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) of rodent origin are produced with ease by hybridoma fusion technique, and have been successfully used as therapeutic reagents for humans after humanization by genetic engineering. However, utilization of these antibodies for therapeutic purpose has been limited by the fact that they act as immunogens in human body causing undesired side effects. So far, there have been several attempts to produce human mAbs for effective in vivo diagnostic or therapeutic reagents including the use of humanized xenomouse that is generated by mating knockout mice which lost Ig heavy and light chain genes by homologous recombination and transgenic mice having both human Ig heavy and light gene loci in their genome. Methods: Genomic DNA fragments of mouse Ig heavy and light chain were obtained from a mouse brain ${\lambda}$ genomic library by PCR screening and cloned into a targeting vector with ultimate goal of generating Ig knockout mouse. Results: Through PCR screening of the genomic library, three heavy chain and three light chain Ig gene fragments were identified, and restriction map of one of the heavy chain gene fragments was determined. Then heavy chain Ig gene fragments were subcloned into a targeting vector. The resulting construct was introduced into embryonic stem cells. Antibiotic selection of transfected cells is under the progress. Conclusion: Generation of xenomouse is particularly important in medical biotechnology. However, this goal is not easily achieved due to the technical difficulties as well as huge financial expenses. Although we are in the early stage of a long-term project, our results, at least, partially contribute the successful generation of humanized xenomouse in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.472-485
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• 2014

This study focuses on the news making system of the prime time news of PSB in Korean society, where the presence of ethnic minorities is increasing rapidly. Although the World Wide Web has become one of the most attractive media over the last decade, Korean PSB, Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), still remains the most popular and influential medium. Therefore, the process of analyzing news making system of ethnic minorities in Korean society represented in Korean PSB as a social construction is meaningful in that it provides an important key to understand the cultural and political background and characteristics of society. For this purpose, the article tries to understand news making process when producing news related to ethnic minorities in the Korean society such as migrant workers, married migrant women and mixed-heritage children of multicultural families by interview with ten reporters in KBS. As a result, most KBS reporters had stereotypes towards multiculturalism and migrants and news reports relating to ethnic minorities are usually produced routinely, using a set of rules that have become part of KBS culture.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

Background Breast reconstruction refers to the rebuilding of a woman's breast using autologous tissue or prosthetic material to form a natural-looking breast. It is increasingly offered to women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer. However, there is no systematic analysis available for the expanding area of research on breast reconstruction. Methods A bibliometric method was used to obtain a view of the scientific production about breast reconstruction by data extracted from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Specific parameters were retrieved from the ISI. Articles about breast reconstruction were analyzed to obtain a view of the topic's structure, history, and document relationships using HistCite software. Trends in the most influential publications and authors were analyzed. Results The number of articles was constantly increasing. Most highly cited articles described the methods of flap construction in the surgery. Other highly cited articles discussed the psychological or emotional aspects of breast reconstruction, skin sparing mastectomy, and breast reconstruction in the irradiated breast. Conclusions This was the first breast reconstruction scientometric analysis, representing the characteristics of papers and the trends of scientific production. A constant increase in the number of breast reconstruction papers and also the increasing number of citations shows that there is an increasing interest in this area of medical science. It seems that most of the research in this field is focused on the technical aspects of surgery.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.849-864
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• 2019

One way to achieve sustainable construction is to reduce concrete consumption by use of more sustainable and higher strength concrete. Modern building codes do not cover the use of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) in the design of composite structures. Against such background, this paper investigates experimentally the mechanical properties of steel fibre-reinforced UHSC and then the structural behaviors of UHSC encased steel (CES) members under both concentric and eccentric compressions as well as pure bending. The effects of steel-fibre dosage and spacing of stirrups were studied, and the applicability of Eurocode 4 design approach was checked. The test results revealed that the strength of steel stirrups could not be fully utilized to provide confinement to the UHSC. The bond strength between UHSC and steel section was improved by adding the steel fibres into the UHSC. Reducing the spacing of stirrups or increasing the dosage of steel fibres was beneficial to prevent premature spalling of the concrete cover thus mobilize the steel section strength to achieve higher compressive capacity. Closer spacing of stirrups and adding 0.5% steel fibres in UHSC enhanced the post-peak ductility of CES columns. It is concluded that the code-specified reduction factors applied to the concrete strength and moment resistance can account for the loss of load capacity due to the premature spalling of concrete cover and partial yielding of the encased steel section.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6375-6378
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• 2012

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (also known as SCLC) is an aggressive form and untreated patients generally die within about 3 months. To obtain further insight into mechanism underlying malignancy with this cancer, an miRNA synergistic regulatory network was constructed and analyzed in the present study. Method: A miRNA microarray dataset was downloaded from the NCBI GEO database (GSE27435). A total of 546 miRNAs were identified to be expressed in SCLC cells. Then a miRNA synergistic network was constructed, and the included miRNAs mapped to the network. Topology analysis was also performed to analyze the properties of the synergistic network. Consequently, we could identified constitutive modules. Further, common target genes of each module were identified with CFinder. Finally, enrichment analysis was performed for target genes. Results: In this study, a miRNA synergistic network with 464 miRNAs and 2981 edges was constructed. According to the topology analysis, the topological properties between the networks constructed by LC related miRNAs and LC unrelated miRNAs were significantly different. Moreover, a module cilque0 could be identified in our network using CFinder. The module included three miRNAs (hsa-let-7c, hsa-let-7b and hsa-let-7d). In addition, several genes were found which were predicted to be common targets of cilque0. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that these target genes were enriched in MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusions: Although limitations exist in the current data, the results uncovered here are important for understanding the key roles of miRNAs in SCLC. However, further validation is required since our results were based on microarray data derived from a small sample size.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.233-239
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• 2010

The research which sees the fact that about model found of the duty factor whom follows in old person welfare facility worker holding office duration and organized performance researches in purpose. From theoretical background about the old person welfare facility system investigated a theory about the duty factor and organized performance of literature investigation and the old person welfare facility worker. A theory analysis of positive data led based on about the effect factor of the causality which the duty factor of the old person welfare facility worker reaches in organized performance under verifying boil the modulating effect of holding office duration. The repair which is a duty factor of the old person welfare facility worker, according to the holding office duration which is a personal quality factor job satisfaction the promotion and organized natural features, business environment and organized structure are organized performance and organization immersion and loyalty degree different assumed with the fact that will affect. From positive analysis about the research object verifies a suitable degree about demographics school register analytical and study model, structural equation model leads and construction verification and modulating effect analysis under executing boil.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.167-180
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• 2007

In this study, we explored the role of analysis in the algebra development. For this, we classified ancient geometric analysis into an analysis by reduction and a Pappusian problematic analysis. this shows that both analyses have the function of reduction. Pappus' analysis consists of four steps; transformation, resolution, construction, demonstration. The transformation, by which conditions of given problem is transformed into other conditions which suggest a problem-solving, seems to be a kind of reduction. Mathematicians created new problems as a result of the reductional function of analysis, and became to see mathematics in the different view. An analytical thinking was a background at the birth of symbolic algebra, the reductional function of analysis played an important role in the development of symbolic algebra.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.157-165
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is on identifying charactreistics and management direction of complementary pond of Dalmaji village in Gangjin. Accordingly, this village was indicated as Experience and Resort village by Korean government. This study describes the construction background and characteristics and identifies species diversity and characteristics through field survey. For this, literature and field survey was performed. In field survey, vegetational survey was performed in Aug. of 2015. D(Dominant degree) and S(Sociability degree) was measured by Brown-Blanquet's method. The answer was searched from Myungsanron(明山論), a textbook of Fengsui(風水) in Joseon dynasty. Of these causes, it was considered that the representative one is a protection of fire and infectious disease because the Wolgak mountain is a fire mountain(火山) as a stone mountain in Fengsui. The results demonstrate decline of aquatic ecosystem because of neglect management. The total number of species was 24. Of the species, Zelkova serrata is a natural vegetation of this complementary forest. This is nominated as Lagerstroemia indica and Camellia japonica community. Species composition demonstrate the characteristics of Korean southern region as mixed forest of evergreen trees and deciduous ones which are indigenous plants. It was considered Juniperus chinensis KaizukaVariega in central round island was planted in Japanese colonial period and it have to be removed. It was considered that name of moon pond and moon island etc. projects the mind of village ancestors which are going to reach an ideal condition of moon. And management of quantity and depth of pond water was critical for restoration of disappearing lotus from related literature. Periodic management was needed for ecological structure and function improvement because of ecological disturbance by the invasive plants like Humulus japonicus.