• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2014

The laws and policies governing Korea's game regulations are becoming more and more topics for debate as we enter the Age of Internet. The nature of the basis for Internet regulations and policies are not rooted in freedom of speech or fundamental values of democracy, but rather focused on solving real-world problems such as protection of the youth. Furthermore, the reality is that regulatory devices for keeping the social order such as regulating gambling are being applied directly to games without consideration on the characteristics of Internet gaming, raising concerns that the expansion of constitutional values and innovative empowerment inherent to the Internet are being weakened. The Geun-Hye Park Administration which succeeded Myung-Bak Lee's Administration, even went so far as to implement the so-called "Shutdown Policy", which prohibits access to Internet games during pre-defined time zones and also instigated a time zone selection rule. In order to curb the gambling nature of Internet games, government-led policies such as the mandatory personal identification and prohibition of player selection or in other words mandatory random player selection are being implemented. These institutions can inhibit freedom of speech, which is the basis of democracy, violate the right of equality through unreasonable discrimination between domestic and foreign service providers, and infringe upon the principles of administrative law, such as laws, due process in policies, and balance in among policies and governmental bodies. Going forward, if Korea's Internet game regulations and polices is to develop in a rational manner, regulatory frameworks will need to be designed to protect the nature of the Internet and its innovative values that enable the realization of constitutional values; for example, the Internet acting as the "catalytic media for freedom of expression as a fundamental human right ", which has already been acknowledged by the Korea's Constitutional Court. At the same time, transparent procedures should be put into place that will allow diverse participation of stakeholders including game service providers, game users, the youth and parents in the legislation and enforcement process of regulatory institutions; policies will also need to be transformed to enable not only regulatory laws but also self-regulation system to be established. And in this process, scientific and empirical analysis on the expected effects before introducing regulations and the results of enforcing regulations after being introduced will need to be strengthened.

• 의료법학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.141-178
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• 2012

Korea's medical law prohibited medical advertisements in principle and permitted them on an exceptional cases. However, the decision of the Constitutional Court of 20005. 10. 27. 20003 Heonga 3, it was changed to a negative system which allows advertisements in principle and restricted only exceptionally. Dramatic increase of medical advertisements was made after that and many argued more deregulation because there was actually heavy regulations. In particular, there is almost no actual regulation on the article type advertisement due to the reason of protection of the freedom of press, media and occupation. However, there may be an unjust result if a specific article or specialists' opinion is made using a newspaper, broadcasting or magazine as a form of article type advertisement to specific medical specialists or medical institution or medical treatment method that falsifies consumers or makes consumers confused by unjust medical expectations or reliability, that also deteriorates just competition and that causes the misrecognition of consumers. In fact, there were actual damages of article type advertisements on the eye whitening surgery not long after the transfer to a negative system of medical advertisements. Victims raised a medical proceeding against the doctor who carried out the surgery, but there is actually no systematic warranty except for the indemnity request. Thus, this case demonstrated a vulnerable result of a negative system. As such, it is problematic that there is no proper regulations defined in the current law and regulations because of the reason of the protection of the freedom of press, publication and occupation despite damages of such article type advertisements. Accordingly, it is urgent to apply the current prevention regulations on the article type advertisements strictly, and to set up specific regulations.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2010

인간의 존엄과 가치의 존중은 모든 기본권의 이념적 전제인 동시에 모든 기본권 보장의 목적이므로, 이러한 목적을 달성하는데 필요한 자유와 권리는 그 어느 것이나 보장되어야 한다. 인간의 존엄과 가치의 실현이라는 목적 달성을 방해하는 행위는 금지되어야 한다. "인간으로서의 존엄과 가치를 가진다."는 개인 대 국가의 관계에서 국가는 개인을 위하여 존재한다는 반 전체주의적 이념을 선언한 것이며, 헌법의 각 조항과 법령의 효력이 문제될 경우 그에 관한 궁극적 해석기준이 된다. 또한 행복추구권은 인간이 행복을 추구하는데 필요한 것이며 헌법에 열거되지 아니한 자유와 권리까지도 그 내용으로 하는 포괄적 기본권으로 보고 있으나, 최소한의 수준에서 사회적 기본권과 같은 적극적 권리성의 성격도 볼 수 있다. 헌법재판소의 결정례에 따르면 행복추구권은 일반적 행동의 자유권, 개성의 자유로운 발현권, 자기결정권의 영역으로 범주화되고 있기에 의의와 연혁입법례를 통해 행복추구권의 중요성을 강조하고자 한다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The law pertaining to medical service technologists does not discuss the scope and limits of doctors' guidelines. My paper aims to discuss these topics. METHODS: This study was based on a review of literature and an analysis of judicial precedents. RESULTS: Physical therapists have often noted the need for independent practitioners in their articles on health care. Their continued discussions on professional and educational differences have centered round this issue, but their ideas have not been accepted. Practitioners have continued to interpret doctors' guidelines in hospitals without discussing their scope. However, the Supreme Court presented a meaningful decision outlining the conceptual limits and the scope of medical practice. The court suggested, basing its interpretation in the goal of clarifying the concept of medical activities smoothly, was to follow a specific judgment on the levels of education, testing, and professionalism. CONCLUSION: The role of physical therapists is expanding in this country, in order to meet the needs of the ultra-aged society. Education is already responding to rising training needs. By dividing the doctors' guidelines into indirect and direct types, if there's no medical risk near or around the health center or hospital, it is a good idea to allow the management of physical therapy partially, while understanding the scope and limitations of these guidelines clearly. A teleological interpretation of the law is especially relevant, and can be implemented immediately by the authoritative interpretation on part of the health authorities without any legal amendments.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제6권
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• pp.187-211
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• 1979

Persons who are waiting for decision of the court concerning whether they are guilty or not after they are involved in the criminal case and detained in the special institution isolated from society, will desire to de found innocent and acquited or to be slightly punished. Inmates are the suspected persons and the accused persons who are detained in the correctional institution. They have the right to de assisted by lawyes in order to receive the favorable verdict in the court. However, the right of the poor and the ignorant, in reality, cannot be perfectly protected due to the imperfection and defect of the defense counsel system itself and its application. Therefore, as a means to guarantee the so-called access to the court, the fundamental constitutional right, the law libraries are established and the legal information services are provided to the inmates within the correctional institution in the advanced country such as the United States. In addition, the judicial precedent and the various kinds of professional organizations provide the managerial guide-lines for such libraries to enoughly collect materials and to provide the effective information services to the inmates. In order to furnish the management of the correctional institution of Korea with useful information, the legal information services, materials collected, and information service personnel of the law libraries within the correctional institution are minutely examined in this paper.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2021

This article aims to introduce German discussion on the approval of the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD), which started with the development of PrenaTest^® by LifeCodexx AG. The discussion started with the concern that the non-invasive nature of NIPD, such as PrenaTest^®, may rapidly expand the use and scope of similar tests, thus leading to a new era of eugenics. Based on this concern, the need for clear clinical guidelines on specific indications for NIPD has been suggested. Along the same line, it was discussed whether PrenaTest^® is against the Basic Law prohibiting discrimination on grounds of disability and whether the test is outside the scope of the purpose of gene testing limited by Genetic Diagnosis Act. Through such discussion, the Federal Ministry of Health of Germany established the preconditions for inclusion of NIPD in the German public health insurance system. For this, the German motherhood guideline was amended and the information for the insured persons provided to pregnant women was included in the amended guideline. Such discussion made in Germany provides insight on which points should be considered when various gene testings are accepted in Korea, in which genetic communication has not been systematized yet. In particular, German counseling system for pregnant women will provide valuable insights for Korea where the direction for regulations on abortion has not been established even after the ruling by the Constitutional Court that charges for abortion are against the constitution.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2005

과거 집시법이 예정하지 못했던 우발적 시위, 긴급집회, 해상시위, 자동차전용도로상의 시위 등 시간적, 장소적 특성을 지니는 새로운 유형의 집회시위가 사회적으로 문제되고 있다. 특히 이 중에서 해상시위에 대하여 집시법을 적용할 수 있는지, 있다면 어떠한 논리를 전개해야 한지 내지 적용할 수 없다면 어떠한 법을 적용해야 한지가 공법영역에서 문제되고 있다. 그 동안 학설은 소극적, 적극적 입장으로 대립하여 왔지만, 해상시위는 장소적 자가결정권에 입각한 헌법상 집회시위자유권의 하나로 보장되어야 한다, 이에 따라 집시법상 집회시위개념은 헌법에 합치되는 방향으로 해석되어야 하므로 해상시위와 같은 집시법상 비전형적 집회에 집시법을 유추적용 한다든지 아니면 경찰관직무집행법과 감은 일반경찰법을 적용하여야 한다간 견해간 설득력이 없다. 그리고 현대적 시위상황에 비추어 해상시위도 소수자보호를 위한 민주주의적 기능을 보유한다는 것을 그려할 때 집시법을 직접 적용하여 규율함이 정당하다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2024

소설 '분노의 포도'는, 오클라호마에서 캘리포니아로 이주할 수밖에 없었던 톰 조드 가문의 이주 여정과 캘리포니아에서의 역경을 통해 대공황 시대 미국민들의 고통스러운 현실을 보여주고, 그들의 분노에 대한 공감과 형제애적 해결에 대한 희망을 제시한다. 이 글은 각 소설적 상황을 소재로 헌법, 노동법, 경쟁법적 관점에서의 제도적 해결책을 제시하고 있다. 헌법적 관점에서 오클라호마 소작농들의 빈곤이 선택의 결과가 아닌 자연환경과 자본집중화 탓에 비롯된 현실이므로 국가가 개입하여 최저생활을 보장해주는 것이 평등권 실현이라는 점을 제시하고, 노동법적 관점에서 근로자공급사업이 노동력의 중간착취에 해당하므로 위헌이고 조드 가족과 같은 이주민들에게 노동조합을 결성할 권리가 있으며, 경쟁법적 관점에서 대지주들의 과일가격 설정이 약탈적 가격설정에 해당하고, 농장주들이 유사하게 낮은 임금을 지불하려고 하는 것이 담합에 해당한다는 점을 보였다. 이를 통해 법제도가 현재 있을 법한 대중의 분노를 해결해야 하는 수단임을 인식시키고, 소설 속 이야기가 소수자에 대한 공감과 이해를 가져올 수 있는 소재임을 보여주려 하였다. 소설 읽기가 실질적 차원의 법 해석과 정의로운 사회의 지표로서 타인에 대한 공감을 이끌어내는 방법이 되기를 희망한다.

• 의료법학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.107-152
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• 2020

2019년 선고된 의료판결 중에는 의료행위로 인한 합병증이 발생하였다는 것만으로 과실이 추정되지 않는다는 사건, 최근 소제기가 많이 되고 있는 낙상사고 관련 사건, 세간을 떠들썩하게 했던 유명 가수의 사망사건, 최근 국내를 포함하여 전 세계를 강타하고 있는 전염병인 COVID-19로 인한 피해와 관련되어 더욱 의미가 있는 2015년 메르스로 인한 손해배상사건 등 관심의 대상이 되었거나 의미 있는 판결들이 다수 선고되었다. 법원은 의료행위로 인한 합병증이 발생하였다는 것만으로 과실이 추정되지 않는다는 법리를 설시하면서 '과실이 추정되지 않는 합병증의 범위'를 재판부에 따라 달리 판단하였는 바, 그 기준을 구체적으로 제시하지 못하고 있었다. 낙상사고와 관련하여 의료기관의 과실을 인정하면서 의료기관의 책임을 제한하는 구체적인 사정들이 제시되었다. 손해배상 범위와 관련하여 연예인의 일실수입 판단기준, 의료사고로 유족연금을 받게 된 경우 일실수입 판단기준, 의료사고 발생 당시 이미 노동능력이 상실된 경우 일실수입을 부정한 사건 등 일실수입 산정과 관련된 쟁점에 관한 판단들이 이루어졌으나, 좀 더 명확하고 합리적인 기준에 따른 판단이 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다. 의료광고와 관련하여 의료법 위반의 기준인 의료법 제27조 제3항에서 나열한 구체적 금지행위에 준하는 것으로 해석되거나 의료시장의 질서를 현저히 해친 것에 해당하는지 여부에 관한 구체적 판단논리가 제시되었다. 의료기관 중복운영 금지조항에 대하여 헌법재판소는 과잉금지원칙에 위배되지 아니하여 합헌이라고 판단하면서, 금지되는 '중복운영'의 범위를 합리적으로 제한하였고, 대법원은 의료법을 위반하여 개설 및 운영된 의료기관이라 하더라도 의료 기관에서 시행한 모든 요양급여가 국민건강보험법에 따라 수령이 불가능한 것은 아니라고 최초로 판단하는 의미 있는 판결을 선고하였다. 감염병 관리에 있어서 국가의 국민에 대한 구체적 보호의무의 존재를 인정한 의미 있는 판결들이 확정되었다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.28-48
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• 2001

1. Background and Purpose Since ${\ulcorner}$Dongri Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ was published in 1929, it had great effects on the publications related to Sasang Constitutional Medicine. However there had been no practical research or its applications about ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ at all in spite of its importance. So through the study on the ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ we highly intend to utilize the book. 2. Methods In this dissertation, you'll find our research of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ regarding the author, the people who were involved in the publishing, the formations and the contents, our another research of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun Chebang${\lrcorner}$(東醫四象新編劑方) to make its medical characteristics and meaning clear. 3. Results and Conclusion 1) Won Chi Sang was Chang Bong Young's granduncle's son-in-law. Nam Dae-hee is suspected of Nam Tae-hee who lived in YeoJu Bam Gol at that time though, it's not certain. 2) ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ is consisted of two pans. ${\ulcorner}$The Internal part${\lrcorner}$ is the basic explanation and ${\ulcorner}$The External part${\lrcorner}$, is the prescriptions depending on the symptoms. ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Byunron${\lrcorner}$,(四象辯論) is mostly that's for the explanations about analysis of Sasang Constitution. ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Kyunghum${\lrcorner}$(四象經驗) is mainly it's for the prescriptions depends on Sasangin's symptoms. ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Kukyul${\lrcorner}$(四象口訣), ${\ulcorner}$Tong Sasang Changbu Sochaedo${\lrcorner}$(通四象臟腑所在圖), ${\ulcorner}$Tong Sasang Chunche Sosokdo${\lrcorner}$(通四象全體所屬圖) are about the analysis of Sasangin's characteristics from metaphysical concepts to Changbustic concepts. In ${\ulcorner}$Sasangin oyak${\lrcorner}$(四象人要藥), among them, 10 types of medicines were categorized separately by constitutional difference in ${\ulcorner}$Dongui Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Dongmu Youg${\lrcorner}$(東武遺槁). The unique style of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Yongyak Huebun${\lrcorner}$(東醫四象用藥索分) is originated from ${\ulcorner}$Bangyak Happyun${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$Euibang Whaltu${\lrcorner}$(${\ulcorner}$方藥合編${\lrcorner}$${\ulcorner}$醫方活套${\lrcorner}$), ${\ulcorner}$Whaltu Chimsun${\lrcorner}$,(${\ulcorner}$方藥合編${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$活套鎭線${\lrcorner}$). 3) There are 293 prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun Chebang${\lrcorner}$. 36 out of 44 prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}$Gapont${\lrcorner}$(甲午本) are quoted in ${\ulcorner}$kyunghumbang${\lrcorner}$. Therefore it could be very possible that those unknown prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}$Kyunghumbang${\lrcorner}$ can be from lee Je Ma. 4) We are assumed that ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ was made by some other doctors not from one single person, based on Lee Je Ma's prescriptions, after Lee Je Ma died. ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ is very different from ${\ulcorner}$Dongeyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dongmu Yougo${\lrcorner}$(東武遺稿). ${\ulcorner}$Chobonkwun${\lrcorner}$(草本卷) by lee Je Ma since it was published for utilizing Sasang Constitutional Medicine and medical practice not for the basic principles of Sasang Constitution by Lee Je Ma. Therefore it could be highly possible to look over the spirit of Sasang Constitution by lee Je-ma.