• 농촌계획
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.54-67
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• 1997

Korean societies have been experiencing the wholesale structural changes in the rapid currents of recent openness, globalization and democratization, which effect much more heavily in rural areas than in urban areas, so rural recomposition works being an important national concern. In order to systematically reconstruct the rural structure, the decision makers, with a four step hierarchy of rural resident-residents group-community-region, should be endowed with the objective judgement on basic elements of resource potentialities under their control. In this process. rational resource evaluation works would be firstly necessiated from expert groups. Based on the view mentioned above, this study principally aimed at developing a rational evaluation framework for rural resources. For that objective, the first step of the study pigeonholed the total resources items identifiable in rural areas from the existing study results, spatial planning and field surveying data. After then, using the formalized classification criteria of resources items, a tentative goal system for rural resources evaluation was proposed and the final one determined through expert-group checking. The results obtained during the study are summarized as follows ; 1. Using the existing examples of resources identification/classification and the basic data list for county-level development planning as the principal reference ones, total rural resources elements were classified into 3 constituent units : land, natural environment and human resources, which correspond to places to work, to play and to live, respectively, as 3 constituent ones of life-supporting space. 2. Three characteristic areal types were adopted to represent the total rural areas : lowland, upland and seashore areas, and also 3 practical use types to represent the objectives of resources evaluation systems : for land use planning, natural conservation policy and village improvement planning. Thus 9 different types of goal system for resources evaluation were developed(each system by 3 areal typesX3 practical use types) 3. Each goal system has 3-tier classification steps from the higher, middle and lower one. The higher and middle steps should contain equally applicable components to all the rural areas, of which allowable number being around 3 and 4 respectively. However the lower step would contain detailed sub-components changeable to areal characteristics of which allowable number being around 7.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

We in this paper have constructed herb and formula ontologies. Herb instances and formula instances can be distinguished by nature, used part, effect, disease pattern, symptom, and formula and constituent herb, dosage, effect, disease pattern, symptom, and medical book, respectively. The knowledge for herbs and formulas in ontology is formalized with the distinguishable elements and their relations. Based on the herb and formula ontologies, we propose the three reasoning rules as follows: In herb ontology, the relation between herb and disease can be reasoned if there are the relation between herb and effect, and effect and disease. In formula ontology, there are two reasoning rules. First, if each constituent herb, dosage, effect, disease pattern, and symptom of two formulas is same, it can be reasoned that two formulas are same though the medical books of the formulas are different. Second, if each constituent herb and dosage is same in two formula, it can be reasoned that each formula has all of effects, disease patterns, and symptoms of formulas. In future study, we study other ontologies such as disease ontology with respect to Korean Medicine and define the reasoning rules about the ontologies.

• 복식
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.109-124
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• 2005

The object of this study was to identify the production technique and immediate constituent of lingerie by examining the materials and the sewing techniques. Various papers are referenced for theoretical study and the elements and techniques of lingerie are analyzed based on photographical materials. From the late 20C century to the present time was the research time period. This paper concludes as follows: 1 Decorative method: Lace, Ribbons, piping, elastic bands were some of the decorative materials attached to the garments by zigzag stitch. 2. Flat pattern making: Lingerie patterns were drafted in smaller size than the patterns of outer garments. Bias cut would be applied for the noll-stretchable fabrics. 3. Draping: Bias grain would be applied for the non-stretch fabric. When draping stretch fabrics, follow the grain line of the fabrics and pull the fabric so that it could fit onto the body. 4. Production technique: Straight stitch would be applied for non-stretch fabrics. Zigzag stitch would be applied for stretch fabrics.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.562-577
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• 2003

The object of my research is to inquiry into the immediate constituent and techniques of underwear after looking into basic theory of underwear, techniques by materials classified according to the matter of elasticity, and studying flat pattern and draping which are basis of corset and brassiere structure focusing on corsetry among underwears and production techniques. Various papers are referenced for theoretical study and the elements and techniques of underwear are analyzed based on photographical materials. This paper concludes as follows. To make the flat pattern of corset and brassiere fit to the body tightly, design dart two times without any space and draw smaller than the body. To support the breast sufficiently, move the side seam 1¼″ to the front panel and the seam should pass the apex in all occasions. For draping, dart should be added into short of elasticity materials in the past but dart is no use these days since the material today is extremely elastic. It is possible now to show the body line with only the seam or a pattern. In a case of elastic material, set the elastic direction to the grain line and have a draping as pulling from the center to the out side. As production technic, for an hem, put a zigzag stitch in elastic materials with a 10-20% short elastic band, pulling the band. Then make 3/16″-1/4″ short inseam.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.373-407
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• 2008

This paper will examine the possibilities of the virtual tests of composite structures by simulating mechanical behaviors by using supercomputing technologies, which have now become easily available and powerful but relatively inexpensive. We will describe mainly the applications of large-scale finite element analysis using the direct numerical simulation (DNS), which describes composite material properties considering individual constituent properties. DNS approach is based on the full microscopic concepts, which can provide detailed information about the local interaction between the constituents and micro-failure mechanisms by separate modeling of each constituent. Various composite materials such as metal matrix composites (MMCs), active fiber composites (AFCs), boron/epoxy cross-ply laminates and 3-D orthogonal woven composites are selected as verification examples of DNS. The effective elastic moduli and impact structural characteristics of the composites are determined using the DNS models. These DNS models can also give the global and local information about deformations and influences of high local in-plane and interlaminar stresses induced by transverse impact loading at a microscopic level inside the materials. Furthermore, the multi-scale models based on DNS concepts considering microscopic and macroscopic structures simultaneously are also developed and a numerical low-velocity impact simulation is performed using these multi-scale DNS models. Through these various applications of DNS models, it can be shown that the DNS approach can provide insights of various structural behaviors of composite structures.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.4006-4024
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• 2017

Internet of Things (IoT) will transform our daily life by making different aspects of life smart like smart home, smart workplace, smart health and smart city etc. IoT is based on network of physical objects equipped with sensors and actuators that can gather and share data with other objects or humans. Secure communication is required for successful working of IoT. In this paper, a total of 13 lightweight cryptographic algorithms are evaluated based on their implementation results on 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microcontrollers and their appropriateness is examined for resource-constrained scenarios like IoT. These algorithms are analysed by dissecting them into their logical and structural elements. This paper tries to investigate the relationships between the structural elements of an algorithm and its performance. Association rule mining is used to find association patterns among the constituent elements of the selected ciphers and their performance. Interesting results are found on the type of element used to improve the cipher in terms of code size, RAM requirement and execution time. This paper will serve as a guideline for cryptographic designers to design improved ciphers for resource constrained environments like IoT.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2013

This study has analysed the composition elements in a cafe space where visual transfer-elements are filled and the perceptual characteristics of facade designs with the purpose of drawing any important elements to advertisement and their related items for uniqueness of designs. For the analysis of the perception process shown in the consecutive situations of observing and visiting cafes, the cafe facade was grouped and stereotyped for the analysis of perceptual characteristics and significant composition elements for better designing of cafes through survey with representative facades as subjects. The conclusions from this study are the followings. First, for the uniqueness specific to cafes to be integrated into facade, memory was chosen first as the most significant advertisement factor followed by interest as with male and attention as with female. The memory has much to do with furniture and finishing material of Clause (4), Chapter 4.1 and the types having effects on perception of Clause (1) and the atmosphere having effect on that of Clause (2) were found to be major factors to attention and interest. Second, it was found out that women preferred horizontally stable partition and men clearly divided facades. The factor of shape was observed first among the constituents of facade followed by color. There was no difference with 'shape' between men and women and color was found to be a space constituent having a lot of effects on women. Third, the memory of experience from visiting a cafe was very likely to offer the motivation of visiting it again, on which furniture had the most effect followed by finishing material and color. Such elevation elements as facade and logo were found not to have effect on the memory or the re-visit. Any intention of visiting again seemed to be influenced by such comprehensive images as atmosphere rather than by any concrete facade, furniture, or appliance. From the above viewpoint, facade design should have any uniqueness or impressive feature as well as the effect of making passers-by drop in and attracting them into the shop. The analysis of attributes of facade constituents revealed that the abstract images in addition to the configuration of facade had much to do with interest or behavior.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.347-358
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• 2002

건축드로잉이 미래의 지어질 건축을 예상하기 위해 필요한 단순히 기능적인 그래픽이라는 전통적인 개념에서 변화하고 있다. 특히 해체주의 건축가들 사이에서 개성적인 그래픽 요소들은 그들의 자기표현적인 스타일을 실현시키는데 큰 기여를 하고 있다. 오로지 미학적인 이유에서 그래픽이 필요한 경우가 있는 반면에 몇몇 경우는 드로잉이라는 작업 자체가 보다 근본적인 자기탐구과정의 성격을 갖기도 한다. 다니엘 리베스킨트의 건축드로잉이 그러한 경우로서 타이포그래피적 성격은 그의 작업의 큰 특징을 이룬다. 타이포그래피적 요소를 그의 드로잉 전반에 걸쳐서 추상적 상징주의 표현의 메티포로서 즐겨 사용함으로써 보다 본격적인 타이포그래피적 접근을 가능성을 제기한다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 타이포그래피 요소들이 어떻게 그의 건축드로잉에서 해석될 수 있는가에 주목하고 어떤 상호연관성이 이질적인 두 영역 사이에 개입되는지, 또한 보조적 수단으로서가 아닌 적극적인 역할로서 그의 실제 건축에 반영되는강에 대해서 분석하고자 한다. 더불어 활자 그 자체가 서로 다른 매체를 만나서 상징화 과정이 부여되는 유형적 분류들을 통해서 리베스킨트 건축드로잉의 해석에 대한 다양한 가능성을 제기하고자 한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Purpose - This study plans to adopt a more sophisticated approach toward service recognition by customers in general supermarkets in order to revise the service quality measurement methods that suit the context of Korean distribution channels. In particular, in general supermarkets, where much of the shopping process is in the form of self-service, there is high reliance on the service recognized by the consumers; therefore, it is highly likely that consumers would make their purchasing decisions based on their recognition of service quality or guarantees. It also utilized service quality elements of a basic level in the KD-SQS development model in order to indicate that the quality recognized by consumers impacts their loyalty to the stores with financial value and abstract value. Research design, data, and methodology - The study suggested a theoretical model comprising 13 hypotheses on relations between theoretic variables, and conducted surveys with consumers using discount stores in Seoul and Gyunggi Metropolitan area in order to verify the hypotheses, while using SPSS 20.0, AMOS 21.0 as the verification program. The survey sheets used amounted to 332, and a structural equation model was used to analyze the reliability and validity of constituent elements and to verify the suggested hypothesis. Therefore, this study analyzes the interrelations between service quality and guarantee factors in the distribution channel and their relations with the loyalty to stores as a dependent variable. Results - First, the results of the hypotheses tests helped identify the relations between service quality, service guarantees, service value, and customer loyalty, providing an opportunity to define the relations between constituent elements. In particular, service convenience in service quality has no impact on financial values. Further, stores' service policy had no impact on abstract values. Service recognition by service convenience has an impact on abstract values such as good image, comfort, and usability, while mileage systems promote financial values for consumers. In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Conclusion - In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Further, as service guarantee systems have a significant and direct impact on customer loyalty, rather than customer value recognition, service guarantees should be used to encourage customers to re-visit the stores. Finally, this study applied the findings of preceding studies in terms of service quality measurement; it had limitations in referencing preceding studies in a comprehensive manner. It also had limits in expanding upon various preceding studies because it was difficult to apply new measurement tools due to the lack of service quality measurement tools for general supermarkets. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies on service quality to measure service quality and develop measurement tools by incorporating various industry characteristics.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.209-212
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• 2009

It has been widely reported that carbide-free bainitic steels or super-bainite WP (SB-TRIP) steels for the automotive industry are a new family of steels offering a unique combination of high strength and ductility. Hence, it is important to exactly evaluate the volume fraction of RA and to identify the 3-D morphology of constituent phases, because it plays a crucial role in mechanical properties. Recently, as electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) equipped with focused ion beam (FIB) has been developed, 3-D EBSD technique for materials science are used to these steels. Moreover, newly developed atom probe tomography (APT) technique can provide the exact distribution and chemical concentration of alloying elements in a sub-nm scale. The APT analysis results indicate exactly the distribution and composition of alloying elements in the austenite and bainite phases of SB-TRIP steels with the atomic-scale resolution. And thus, no partitioning of aluminum and manganese atoms was showed between the austenite containing $7.73{\pm}0.39$ at% C and the bainitic ferrite associated with $0.22{\pm}0.06$ at% C in the SB-TRIP steel.