• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2010

Atmospheric ammonia is a very important constituent of the environment because it is the dominant alkaline gaseous species present in the atmosphere. Ammonia is known to affect ecosystems at relatively low concentration. In this study flux profiles of ammonia emitted from the cattle housing were evaluated using a dynamic flux chamber (DFC). We have developed the emission factor of $NH_3$ from the cattle housing. Analysis of ammonia flux variation was made with respect to such variables as manure surface temperature, pH, and ammonium concentration. Ammonia flux has been measured up to summer in 2007 at calf and cattle housing. In the fall, average ammonia flux from calf and cattle housing was estimated as 1.406 (${\pm}0.947$) and 1.534 ((${\pm}0.956$) $mg\;m^2\;min^1$, respectively. In the winter, average ammonia flux was estimated 1.060 ((${\pm}0.569$) from the calf housing and 1.216 ((${\pm}0.655$) $mg\;m^2\;min^1$ from the cattle housing. The correlation coefficient (R=0.732) between ammonia flux and manure surface ammonium concentration exhibited stronger relationship than manure surface pH and temperature. In the fall, ammonia emission factor from calf and cattle housing was estimated as 3.94 ((${\pm}2.66$) and 11.41 ((${\pm}5.86$) kg-$NH_3$ animal$^1\;yr^1$, respectively. In the winter, ammonia average flux was estimated as 2.89 ((${\pm}1.59$) from the calf housing and 6.51 ((${\pm}3.67$) kg-$NH_3$ animal$^1\;yr^1$ from the cattle housing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.444-449
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to measure the hair melanins of various colors and to find the relationship between the quantity of melanins and hair color phenotypes in alpacas. According to the Munsell color system, 3 healthy alpacas were selected for each of the 22 different hair color phenotypes (66 alpacas altogether). Alpaca hair was taken from the lateral thoracic region and then dissolved with different solutions to obtain melanins. The values of alkali-soluble melanins (ASM), eumelanin (EM) and pheomelanin (PM) were measured by spectrophotometric assay, and labeled as Sp.ASM, Sp.EM and Sp.PM, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS11.5 software. Results showed that average Sp.ASM and Sp.PM were increased as the color deepened from white to black, ranging from 0.500 to 4.543 for Sp.ASM and from 0.268 to 1.457 for Sp.EM. However, average Sp.PM had no such apparent relationship with color. Based on the value of Sp.ASM and EM, 7 hues were produced and gray was a single hue. Most of the data were in a normal distribution (p>0.10). ANOVA analysis showed that mean values of Sp.ASM, Sp.EM and Sp.PM were significantly different (p<0.05). The results also showed that Sp.ASM was positively correlated with Sp.EM but the correlation between Sp.ASM and Sp.PM was not significantly different from 0. It is concluded that EM is the major constituent of alpaca hair melanin; there is a significant correlation among ASM, EM and alpaca hair colors, and EM is the most reliable parameter for distinguishing these groups.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2002

To achieve these goals constituent dimensions and structural elements of the Japanese restaurants service quality are being investigated through the review of the food service industry and service. The survey about the importance and the Japanese restaurants was also conducted with a questionnaire to identify the tendency of customers who visited restaurants. These results and satisfactions hypotheses are being tested in the restaurant and the empirical research aye both conducted to achieve time research purposes. Japanese restaurants, located in the metropolitan area, are being selected as the object limits of the survey. Eighty-seven questionnaires are being distributed three kinds restaurants which means total 250 for all, and from which 230 are being analyzed. Frequency and $\chi$$^2$test were applied for the general matters and the conditions of object while Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and factor analysis were applied for reliability and validity. t-test was attempted to fine the importance and the satisfaction of the service quality. Also ANOVA was utilized. After examining the results of this survey, few facts were apparent. First the number of male ana female customers in the Japanese restaurants are divided evenly in about 55% of male customers and 45% of female customers. However, these people have a wide variety of jos. Another evident fact present on this survey shows that customers eating at a less expensive restaurants have a income of 1,000,000 won where as the expensive or high-end restaurants have customers with higher income than average. The price sensitive customers studied in this survey shows that they spend on average 30,000 to 70,000 won per person in the less expensive establishments. Therefore, with some service quality restructuring, application of new systems and ideas these restaurants could efficiently maximize their profit margin. Customers also showed that lower prices in lunch time would be an appealing incentive to deviate from standard lunch time 〈12:00~13:00〉and menu specials would be of interest to deviate from busy dinner time. In conclusion, since restaurants in the middle range category are not so many restaurants in lower range have a chance to maximize their profit. This study clearly shows that even the lower-end restaurants could raise their profit margin by incorporating new marketing techniques and by improving the service level of their restaurants.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2013

The correlation between NiO-YSZ microstructure and its electrical property used for SOFC anode was critically evaluated with image processing and direct measurement techniques. These innovative processing techniques were employed to quantify the contiguity of the anode constituent phase. The calculated contiguities were then correlated with electrical conductivity attained from 4-probe DC method. This investigation described that contiguity of nickel oxide phases of an anode has a linear relationship with its electrical conductivity. We observed that the contiguity of NiO increased from 0.18 to 0.50 then electrical conductivity attained was significantly increased from 520 S/cm to 1468 S/cm at $900^{\circ}C$.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2008

탄소강 재질은 부식에 취약하여 용도에 따라 화성피막화 공정으로 처리하여 내부식성을 부여한다. 제이인산망간염 수화물, $MnHPO_4{\cdot}2.25H_2O$는 인산망간피막을 입히기 위한 전처리 공정용 혼합물 제품의 주성분으로 사용된다. 이 망간 함유 물질은 수용액 중에서 합성되어 여과와 건조, 그리고 일련의 건식 분쇄와 분급 과정을 통하여 생산된다. 이러한 공정은 명백히 환경친화적이지 못할 뿐만 아니라 비용 효율적이지 못하다. 본 연구에서는 더블제트 침전 기술에 기반을 두고 수용액 중에서 해당 망간 화합물을 입자 크기가 비교적 균일하게 합성하기 위한 새로운 공정기술 원리를 실험적으로 검토하였다. 안정화 첨가제의 효과들이 주사전자현미경 사진을 통하여, 생성된 결정성 침전 입자의 크기의 균일성 측면에서, 비교 검토되었다. 폴리비닐 피롤리돈과 아라비아 검이 더블제트 침전 공정에서 결정의 성장 단계를 제어하여 비교적 균일한 입자를 합성하는 안정제로서 훌륭한 효과를 발휘하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2000

본 연구는 낙동강수계인 위천 유역의 최하류 군위 지점에 대해 추계학적 모형인 Box-Jenkin의 승법 ARIMA 모형과 상태공간모형 이론적 토대로 하여 계절별 월 유출량을 모의하였다. 다변량 시계열 모형인 상태공간모형의 입력변수로 월 유효우량과 균등기간의 관측된 월 유출량을 사용하여 군위지점의 월 유출량을 예측한 결과 다변량 시계열 모형인 승법 ARIMA모형에 비하여 표준오차가 작게 나타났으므로, 유효우량과 유출량을 함께 이용하는 상태공간 모형을 이용하여 합리적인 유출량 예측이 가능하도록 하였다. 본 논문은 월 유출량 기록치 및 유효우량 자료를 분석하여 승법 ARIMA 모형 및 상태공간 모형에 적용하였으며, 상태공가 모형의 이론을 적용하여 VAR(P)의 P값을 구하기 위해 시차에 의한 AIC 값을 이용하였다. VARMA 모형은 정준상관계수를 이용한 상태공간 모형을 구하여 구축하였다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 구축된 상태공간 모형을 사용하여 위천유역의 군위 지점에서 장·단기 유출량을 예측하여 수자원의 장·단기전략 수립에 도움을 주기 위함이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Objectives : Taraxaci Herba et Radix (THR) is widely used as a food and medicinal herb in Korea. It has been used for treatment of virus inflammatory disease, liver diseases and gastritis. So far, anti-inflammatory effects and constituents of various species in THR has not been studied for comparison. The aim of this study is to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of the aerial part and root from various THR. Also, we have compared the contents of its known constituents with each. Methods : In this study, we estimated anti-inflammatory effect and compared their constituent by HPLC. For the determination of anti-inflammatory effects, we investigated NO and $PGE_2$ production by ELISA. The expressions of iNOS was determined by western blotting in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. And, standard compounds which are methyl gallate, gallic acid, syringic acid and esculetin of THR were analyzed by HPLC using a $C_{18}$ column. Results : Methanol extracts of THR decreased NO and $PGE_2$ production. The expressions of iNOS protein were also decreased in methanol extracts of THR. As a result, HPLC analysis showed that they showed similar patterns. Methyl gallate and esculetin showed the highest content. Methyl gallate was included over 10% content in each aerial part and root of THR. Conclusions : These results indicate that most of THR distributed in Korea might represent therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2014

성능 기반 내진설계를 위해서는 지진후 건물의 사용성과 복원성에 대한 명확한 목표가 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 건물의 구성 재료의 검토가 필요하고, 특히, 부재에 잔류하는 변형을 지표로 사용하는 것은 유용하다. 프리스트레스트 콘크리트는 PC 강재의 원점지향적 성질 덕분에 많이 이용이 될 것으로 생각된다. 이 연구는 PSC 보부재의 잔류 변형을 연구하고 산정하는 것에 목표를 두고 있다. '등가 소성 힌지 길이법'을 바탕으로 위험단면에서의 곡률과 등가 소성 힌지 길이를 이용하여 부재의 변형각을 구하는 식을 유도한다. '분할 요소 해석법'을 통하여 PC강재와 콘크리트 사이의 부착-미끄러짐을 고려하면서 힘의 균형과 변형을 적합 조건을 만족하는 해석값을 도출했다. 잔류 변형률에 영향을 미치는 각종 요인들을 파라미터 스터디를 통하여 잔류 변형률 산정식에 필요한 각종 수치를 결정했다. 그중에서 잔류변형에 많은 영향을 미치는 피크시 등가 소성 힌지 길이, 잔류 변형시 등가 소성 힌지 길이 및 피크시부터 잔류 변형시에 발생하는 위험 단면 위치에서의 곡률 감소량에 대하여 중점적으로 검토를 실시했다. 이 연구 결과를 바탕으로 앞으로 활발한 연구가 진행되기를 기대한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2006

In according as the social action of women is active, the average life span is longer than male, not only woman's social position is higher, but also the construction of the more professional woman special hospital Is increased. In occasion to the recent woman special hospital, give medical treatment about pediatrics and the breast surgery as well, and the sphere is increasing as compose the variety network, from the health medical center to check the woman's physical to the postpartum care center. The trend of the lobby is arranged the more service area as the concept of the woman hospital is changed, the sphere is increasing. Accordingly, this study research and analyze the service zone and design elements on the focus the lobby of the internal woman special hospital, have an intention of guideline about the interior design of the after woman hospital. As the subject of study, selected the hospital that lobby serves to show the identity of total space, and the woman special hospital that is introduced to the relation journal with architecture or interior design, is opened after 2000 years, below the 100 bed. As the study method, understand the composition of lobby space through floor analysis, examination by the visit, analyzed the arrangement constituent, the design trend. The direction of lobby space mentioned in the study result is that secure the publicness, guarantee the privacy zone, and is important that the adequate arrangement of commercial space contribute to client's mental stability, desire that inflected as the more positive communication place.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2007

Because 6sigma is doing innovative success In management whole, estimate that can exert direct effect in interior Design management. Therefore, this study did by purpose that 6sigma that is scientific method that do customers satisfaction by ultimate purpose acts as basic study that can heighten practical use Possibility and result of interior Design management and value by interior design standardization process. Need to use marketing data that is scientific design component at schematic design step for successful interior design that can improve result. Hereupon, this study is doing to big dimension that utilizes 6sigma and makes standard process of only Interior Design, and did to dimension that present study phase verifies if '6sigma' is practical use possibility by intoner design process. Did by method that verification method of 6sigma practical use possibility analyzes "Information transmission efficiency improvement of department store display space" 6sigma project example. When see that example project is analyzed on Improvement constituent that "Design improvement" out of Vital few Xs of statistical analysis item must heighten the customers satisfaction rate conclusively, target process might be established because design becomes center of gravity if did design improvement very first time. Finally, possibility that 6sigma can utilize in process of interior design is verified, and it is scientific methodology that can utilize to all business members that there are not any special category of business even if is in practical use. Such scientific 6sigma method need persistent study that make standard process analyzing a lot of problems that is expected to be beaconed and happens substantially in here after to management development of interior design.