• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

Electro Otical Tracking System(EOTS) is required for a rapid movement as well as the stabilization of Line-Of-Sight(LOS). In order to achieve these two goals, this paper presents a position and velocity driving profile generation method from the constant acceleration and deceleration profile according to the current state, enabling a fast and smooth trajectory even if the target position changes during the movement of LOS. Simulation and experimental results reveal that the settling time could be reduced significantly by adopting the present position control scheme.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.208-220
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• 2006

Energy of wheeled mobile robot is usually supplied by batteries. In order to extend operation time of mobile robots, it is necessary to minimize the energy consumption. The energy is dissipated mostly in the motors, which strongly depends on the velocity profile. This paper investigates various 3-step (acceleration - cruise - deceleration) speed control methods to minimize a new energy object function which considers the practical energy consumption dissipated in motors related to motor control input, velocity profile, and motor dynamics. We performed an analysis on the energy consumption various velocity profile patterns generated by standard control input such as step input, ramp input, parabolic input, and exponential input. Based on these standard control inputs, we analyzed the six 3-step velocity profile patterns: E-C-E, P-C-P, R-C-R, S-C-S, R-C-S, and S-C-R (S means a step control input, R means a ramp control input, P means a parabolic control input, and E means an exponential control input, C means a constant cruise velocity), and suggested an efficient iterative search algorithm with binary search which can find the numerical solution quickly. We performed various computer simulations to show the performance of the energy-optimal 3-step speed control in comparison with a conventional 3-step speed control with a reasonable constant acceleration as a benchmark. Simulation results show that the E-C-E is the most energy efficient 3-step velocity profile pattern, which enables wheeled mobile robot to extend working time up to 50%.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1018-1024
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• 2011

Liquid sloshing occurs when a partially filled liquid tank is subjected to undesirable external forces or acceleration/deceleration for positioning control. Installation of baffles is still the most popular way to suppress the sloshing, but recent successes of input shaping in reducing structural vibrations may give a possible alternative. We aim at investigating the applicability of input shaping to sloshing suppression by numerically solving fluid motions in a rectangular tank. The tank is partially filled with water and it is suddenly put into a sequence of horizontal motions of acceleration and constant speed. The flow is assumed to be two-dimensional, incompressible, and in viscid, and a VOF two-phase model is used to capture the free surface. Results show that the sloshing can be successfully suppressed by shaping the input, i.e., the velocity or acceleration profile of tank. Three different input shapers (ZII, ZVD, and two-mode convolved ZV shapers) are tested and compared in this study Among them, the convolved ZV shaper shows a best performance to eliminate the sloshing almost completely.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1096-1103
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• 2010

This paper proposes CDC (Continuous Damping Control) algorithm and verifies in multi-body dynamic vehicle. In order to distinguish a road profile on driving, waviness calculated by the filtered vertical-accelerations of sprung and unsprung masses is introduced. Sky-hook control is used at a low waviness road and constant damping level control is used at a high waviness road, where the hard damping level is determined by waviness, roll rate, acceleration, and deceleration. The damping levels of ride, anti-roll, anti-squat, and anti-dive modules are calculated by tuning parameters which is dependent upon vehicle velocity. Therefore this high tunable algorithm is useful to improve the ride and handling performance under various driving conditions. In the simulations, tire and dampers are modelled by SWIFT (Short Wavelength Intermediate Frequency Tire) model and 1st order delay model, and results are compared with conventional damper's.

• 천문학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2015

In Kang (2015) we calculated the acceleration of cosmic-ray electrons at weak spherical shocks that are expected to form in the cluster outskirts, and estimated the diffuse synchrotron radiation emitted by those electrons. There we demonstrated that, at decelerating spherical shocks, the volume integrated spectra of both electrons and radiation deviate significantly from the test-particle power-laws predicted for constant planar shocks, because the shock compression ratio and the flux of inject electrons decrease in time. In this study, we consider spherical blast waves propagating through a constant density core surrounded by an isothermal halo with ρ ∝ r⁻ⁿ in order to explore how the deceleration of the shock affects the radio emission from accelerated electrons. The surface brightness profile and the volumeintegrated radio spectrum of the model shocks are calculated by assuming a ribbon-like shock surface on a spherical shell and the associated downstream region of relativistic electrons. If the postshock magnetic field strength is about 0.7 or 7 µG, at the shock age of ∼ 50 Myr, the volume-integrated radio spectrum steepens gradually with the spectral index from α_inj to α_inj + 0.5 over 0.1–10 GHz, where α_inj is the injection index at the shock position expected from the diffusive shock acceleration theory. Such gradual steepening could explain the curved radio spectrum of the radio relic in cluster A2266, which was interpreted as a broken power-law by Trasatti et al. (2015), if the relic shock is young enough so that the break frequency is around 1 GHz.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2001

This paper is concerned with the effect of cylinder wakes upstream on blade characteristics of compressor cascade(NCA 65 series). At first, it is found that the velocity defect ratio of cylinder wake varies according to the acceleration and deceleration in a flow field but, is conserved nearly constant at flow downstream the cascade, irrespective of the flow path in the cascade. When a cylinder wake flows along near the suction surface of the blade, or impinges on the leading edge, the turbulent velocities are supplied on or inside the outer edge of boundary layer near the leading edge of suction surface, and the transition to a transitional or turbulent boundary layers is induced, so that the laminar separation is prevented, but the profile loss increases. The transition of boundary layer to a transitional or turbulent one is strongly related with the strength of added turbulent velocities near the leading edge on the suction surface, which is influenced by the flow path of a cylinder wake.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.866-873
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• 2015

The transverse vibration of the deploying beam from rigid hub was analyzed by simulation and experiment. The linear governing equation of the deploying beam was obtained using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. To discretize the governing equation, the Galerkin method was used. After transforming the governing equation into the weak form, the weak form was discretized. The discretized equation was expressed by the matrix-vector form, and then the Newmark method was applied to simulate. To consider the damping effect of the beam, we conducted the modal test with various beam length. The mass proportional damping was selected by the relation of the first and second damping ratio. The proportional damping coefficient was calculated using the acquired natural frequency and damping ratio through the modal test. The experiment was set up to measure the transverse vibration of the deploying beam. The fixed beam at the carriage of the linear actuator was moved by moving the carriage. The transverse vibration of the deploying beam was observed by the Eulerian description near the hub. The deploying or retraction motion of the beam had the constant velocity and the velocity profile with acceleration and deceleration. We compared the transverse vibration results by the simulation and experiment. The observed response by the Eulerian description were analyzed.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2010

본 연구는 주행속도 프로파일 모형의 구성요소 중 주행속도 예측모형과 관련한 것으로서 지방부 왕복 4차로 도로를 대상으로 하고 있으며, 기존 연구들과는 대상도로, 속도 조사방법론 및 선형유형 구분에서 그 차별점이 있다. 기존의 대다수 연구들은 평면곡선부 및 평면직선부 중앙의 지점속도를 측정하고 이 자료를 활용하여 각각의 주행속도 예측모형을 개발하였다. 이러한 방법은 감가속이 평면직선부에서만 발생하고 평면곡선부에서는 일정한 속도를 유지한다는 주행행태에 대한 전통적인 가정에 기반한 것으로서, 구축된 모형에 의해 예측된 주행속도가 과대 과소추정 되거나 또는 실제 운전자의 주행행태를 제대로 묘사하지 못할 가능성이 높다는 한계가 있다. 이와 비교하여 본 연구는 현장에서 약100m 간격으로 연속 조사된 속도자료를 활용하여 실제 도로상에서 관측되는 주행속도 프로파일을 작성하였으며, 연속적인 속도변화를 분석한 결과를 토대로 모형구축에 활용될 자료를 추출하였다. 주행속도 예측모형은 평면선형과 종단선형의 조합에 따라 6가지 선형유형으로 구분되어 개발되었다. 본 연구에서 활용한 주행속도 조사방법 및 선형유형 구분은 주행속도 예측모형에 활용되는 자료 및 이를 기반으로 개발된 모형의 신뢰도를 제고함과 더불어, 연속적인 속도 변화 흐름을 상세하게 분석 평가할 수 있도록 하여 가감속 행태 분석 등 향후 주행행태 관련 분석에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있으며, 더 나아가 설계속도 기반의 현 도로설계기준을 주행속도 기반의 기준으로 보완하는데 활용되어 도로설계자 또는 정책결정자가 아닌 실제 도로를 이용하는 운전자의 관점에서 도로가 설계될 수 있도록 하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.