• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

In South Korea, there is a growing domestic need for a biotope map which contains ecological and environmental geographic information of a city. After the production of a Urban Ecological Maps(biotope map) by the Seoul metropolitan government in 2000, Natural Environment Conservation Act was revised in 2017 to make it mandatory for a local government to draw up its own urban ecological map. The aim of the present study was to find out ways to utilize an urban ecological map as a mean of communication between natural environment planning and urban planning sectors in a preliminary stage before introducing a big framework of 'environmental and ecological planning.' The northern area of Incheon metropolitan city was selected as the target area for this study. The major research content includes a comparative analysis of special-purpose zones, urban planning zones, restricted development zones, and conservation forests with focus on biotope types and Grades 1 of 'Biotope Type Assessment.' Farmland biotopes and forest biotopes within an area designated as an urban zone (residential, commercial and industrial zones) need to be redesignated as a zone which can conserve them. Especially considering a high possibility of damage to a large scale of natural green areas, these areas need to be readjusted immediately. If the entire area designated as an urban planning zone is to be developed, it is likely to cause serious damage to natural biotopes in the area (56.2%), including farmland biotope (30.4%), forest biotope (15.0%) and grassland biotope (10.8%), and thus, readjustment is needed. In case of a conservation forest, as it can possibly be damaged by the designation of special-purpose zones, it is necessary to match the designation of conservation forests or a special-purpose zones with their biotope types. In conclusion, we present a variety of thematic maps for utilization of an urban ecological map and propose a phase-specific environmental and ecological plan. Phase 1 is the establishment of a urban plan in consideration of ecological status; Phase 2 is the independent establishment of an environmental and ecological plan by an environment department; Phase 3 is an integrated management of ecological planning system and urban planning system.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2011

In the context of sustainability which is understood as equilibrium among three elements; human, space and time, the imbalance within the Seoul metropolitan area hinders its own area or the nation from development. Claims for the balanced development in the area are set up on the premise that there is a locational order of priority among the zones named 'overpopulation suppression', 'growth management' and 'conservation'. Based on the systematic consideration of competitiveness this study adopts the premise as a research hypothesis. Factor scales derived from the factor analysis, a kind of multivariate dependence analysis play an important role in this research process since they are measured by interval-ratio level and can be used for dependent variables in the statistical analysis. The hypothesis test carried out by means of the analysis of variance(ANOVA) concludes that the hypothesis assuming no difference in the competitiveness is rejected but the alternative hypothesis of the locational order mentioned above should be adjusted. Eigenvalues derived from the factor analysis could be used as weights for aggregate factor scales and the scales show that the priority is in the order of growth management - overpopulation suppression - conservation zones. This finding has also a significant implication that the countermeasures to cope with the lowering of the competitiveness resulted from the continuous and absolute restraints should be provided. And strategic approaches which are composed of key factors for each zone are deducted from in-depth review. (1) overpopulation suppression zone; health-welfare, educational base, public service factors, focusing on health-welfare one, (2) growth management zone; public service factor and (3) conservation zone; health-welfare, educational base factors, also focusing on health-welfare one.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.169-172
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• 2012

The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of Clerodendron trichotomum. Antibacterial activities of the n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions from C. trichotomum were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori. The n-hexane and MC fractions showed antibacterial activity against H. pylori at a concentration of 1.7 mg/mL and showed inhibition zones of 10 and 11 mm in disc assay, respectively. Further testing of 22-dehydroclerosterol and ${\beta}$-amyrin (each 3.4 mg/mL) from the MC fraction of C. trichotomum revealed moderate antibacterial effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori. In particular, ${\beta}$-amyrin showed clear zones of 12 and 13 mm against E. coli and H. pylori, respectively, suggesting its potential as an antibacterial agent. The active compounds from C. trichotomum might provide a promising therapeutic agent against infections by E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.726-732
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• 2004

In this manuscript, a review of the diversity of Chinese indigenous goat breeds according to data from body stature and appearance, chromosome group, blood proteins, DNA molecular markers (mitochondria DNA, random amplified polymorphic DNA, microsatellite DNA, major histocompatibility complex) has been introduced. All of these provide efficient tools for the diversity analysis of Chinese indigenous goat breeds and are very important for biodiversity conservation, restoration of declining goat breeds, the priority defining in Chinese indigenous goat breeds' protection and the selection of nature preservation zones. Many Chinese indigenous goat breeds with small population size in the isolated mountains or reservoir areas are verging the potential threat of extinction, effectively lost with the rapid destroying of ecological environment. On the other hand, as a result of the introduction of modern commercial goat breeds and shortage of effective conservation, some populations, such as Small-xiang goat and Tibetan goat decrease rapidly in number of sires. In the interests of the long-term future of the goat breeds in China, conservation of goat breeds' genetic resources should be considered urgently and some conservation measures should be adopted. In addition, the continuing development of molecular biology will further enhance conservation of diversity of Chinese indigenous goat breeds.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2015

Abeliophyllum distichum is a monotypic taxon of Oleaceae and endemic to Korea. A comprehensive study on embryogeny and fruit and seed coat ontogeny in Abeliophyllum was carried out via microtome and light microscopy. The fertilization occurs during mid– to late April and embryo matures by early July. The embryo development follows the general fashion from globular embryo – transition embryo – heart shaped embryo – torpedo embryo – walking-stick embryo to mature embryo. The pericarp clearly differentiates into three histological zones: exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The young seed comprises 10-12 cells thick seed coat and the mature seed coat comprises an exotesta, 6-8 mesotesta and an endotesta. Any crystals, phenolic-like compounds, idioblasts, and the sclereids are not found in pericarp as well as seed coat. An overall development confirms Solanade type of embryogenesis in Abeliophyllum. The endocarp becomes more prominent in mature fruit and all the layers of endocarp are highly lignified. On the basis of mechanical layer the seed coat is of exotestal type.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2018

At present the biodiversity of the riparian forest is under threat due to various anthropogenic pressures. Hence study was conducted along the three unprotected zones of riparian forest in Dikhu river, Nagaland, north-east India in order to compared the diversity, distribution and population structure of riparian trees. In each zone $100{\times}100m^2$ plot were marked and subdivided into 20 plots of $10{\times}10m^2$. 10 plots on each side of the river were taken randomly covering 0.02 ha. Only tree with dbh ${\geq}10cm$ and dbh above 1.5 m above ground level were recorded as individual species. A total of 29 tree species belonging to 18 families were recorded from the three zones of the river. Tree species richness was highest at the middle zone (19) followed by upper (14) and lower zone (7). The most abundant species and family recorded at upper, middle and lower zones were Melia azaderach of Euphorbiaceae ($380\;stems\;ha^{-1}$), Terminalia chebula of Euphorbiaceae ($432.5\;stems\;ha^{-1}$) and Duabanga grandiflora of Lythraceae ($365\;stems\;ha^{-1}$) respectively. The ranges of diversity indices observed in the three zones were: Shannon-Wiener index (1.25-0.73), Simpson diversity index (0.42-0.93), Evenness index (0.47-0.37) and Index of co-dominance (0.75-0.94). Rest of other indices were also estimated and compared. Distribution of trees shows the contagious pattern common in the upper and middle zones and regular in the lower zone. The girth size class analysis demonstrated that the riparian forest is in less mature succession stage. This study emphasize the need for management and conservation of riparian forest by developing policy to declare the riparian zone as protected area to prevent further degradation and loss of biodiversity from these unregulated zones along the river.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop site index equations for some pine species by climatic zones based on the relationships between site index and environmental factors. The selected pine species were Pinus densiflora Sieb. et. Zucc., Pinus densiflora for, erecta, and Pinus thunbergii. A total of 28 environmental factors were obtained from a digital forest site map. The influence of 28 environmental factors on site index was evaluated by multiple regression analysis. Four to eight environmental factors were selected in the final site index equation for pine species by climatic zones. The site index equations developed in this study was then verified by three evaluation statistics such as model's estimation bias, model's precision and mean square error type of measure. We concluded that the site index equations for the pine species by climatic Bones were capable of estimating forest site productivity. Based on these site index equations, the amount of productive areas for the species by climatic zones was estimated by applying the GIS technique to digital forest maps.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.837-867
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is evaluate the direct payment program for rural landscape conservation and deduce facts to improve. This research is composed with a survey on local government officials and farmers joined this program, and used monitering in selected 41 zones. According to the surveys, this program showed a positive contribution to the effects: village harmony, visitors increase, village income. However, It's contribute in short term objectives, but has not yet reach the ultimate goal such as regional development through visitors and village income. We found some problems in the monitering, on the agreement with farmers, range of village activities, operating AgriX program, etc. Finally, we suggest some proposals ; 1) to redefine the aims and range for the program, 2) to clarify a village action program, 3) to strength the admission procedure, 4) to designate district based on landscape resources survey.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to introduce a program for environmental conservation in environment-friendly agriculture. For this, we first analyze a performance condition of environment-friendly agricultural districts and zones. And then we survey difficulties on implementation and main points for spread of environment-friendly agriculture. Finally we forecast an effectiveness and realizability on program for environmental conservation in environment-friendly agriculture. As a result, it is necessary to plan policies on qualitative as well as quantitative growth in environment-friendly agriculture. The results of this study will be meaningful to make policies on spread of environment-friendly agriculture.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.21-48
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the integrated heritage conservation actually affected the urban economy of historical cities. To this end, this study examined the trends and meanings of an integrated heritage conservation, and a relationship between sustainable urban development and integrated heritage conservation to find out connectivity with urban economy. Before an empirical analysis of domestic policy of integrated conservation of heritage, this study overlooked the system of the preservation and promotion of ancient cities, which can be called integrated heritage conservation system in Korea, and examined how the historic landscape improving project, which is being implemented as part of the policy of the preservation and promotion of ancient cities, actually affected the urban economy. This study empirically identified the impact of the project through a land price analysis of the region. This study focused on analyzing an impact of the project on a price of land in the proximity of subsidized land lot and analyzed the impact through Difference-In-Difference method. In particular, the project effect was analyzed only for the settlement zones among the preservation and promotion zones where the project was carried out, and as a result, it was confirmed that the average price of lands in the proximity of subsidized land increased more over the same period than in the areas where the project was not intensively implemented.