• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.5 no.2 s.6
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• pp.15-24
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• 1996

Th)s study was carried out of the historical characters and textile coservations for Mrs. Danha Lee's Wonsam. As the textile material was silk, dry cleaning method was suggested. The solvents for dry cleaning were n-hexane, n-decane, and benzene. During the second cleaning process, the dry soap(HI-TECH, 120:1, volume ratio) was added to the mixed solvents. The reaction's temparature was $20^{\circ}C$, and the reaction's time was 30 minuutes. It seemed to be a gift for hot from the Royal Family because of the attachment of pheonlx hungbae. This wonsam was decorated symmetrically by gold weaving yarn, the basic fabric was green silk satin with glorius letters and floral patterns. It was made on the 17th C and the oldest thing among them.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 1994

Environmental conservation has become one of the greatest concerns of all the people in the world. This issue is related to wood utilization in two major view points such as carbon dioxide emitted by the use of manufacturing energy and absorbed during the growth of trees. Wood construction materials require less manufacturing energy, which, in turn, means less carbon dioxide emission. In addition, wood keeps absorbed carbon in itself as far as it is not burnt. Therefore, wood is environmentally superior to other materials in terms of potential effects on atmospheric carbon dioxide. As examples of the environmental effect of wood utilization, the following two results were obtained: 1) If wood construction becomes popular in Korea as in Japan, more than 24% of carbon dioxide emission during construction of residential housings can be reduced: and 2) If aluminum windows are substituted by wood windows, more than 19% of carbon dioxide emission can be reduced. If the principle of "cut and plant" is kept well, wood is the best construction material for environmental protection as well as human residence.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.23
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• pp.149-162
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• 2002

Gilt bronze locks(Treasure No. 1141) excavated from Hancheonsa temple are artifacts of Goryeo Dynasty. The locks underwent a conservation process from October 2001 to July 2002. The process included cleaning and the application of corrosion inhibitors, Benzotriazolesolution, as well as reinforcement treatment with Paraloid NAD-10 solution,an acrylic resin. Non-destructive XRF analysis unveil that the artifacts are made of an alloy of copper(Cu), tin(Sn) and lead(Pb), but the gilt layer is too thin to analyze the purity of the gold or the exact production method. Gilt bronze locks are important materials because they preserve all the structures of locks in Goryeo Dynasty to the smallest detail. The surface pattern is revealed through the conservation process and components of the alloy through material analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1994

A mutual integral, which has the conservation property, is applied to the problem of a crack in an isotropic elastic material. The stress intensity factors $K_{I}, K_{II}, K_{III}$ and T-stress for the problem in an infinite medium are easily obtained by using the mutual integral without solving the boundary value problem. The auxiliary solutions necessary in the proposed method are taken from the known asymptotic solutions. This method is amenable to numerical evaluation of the stress intensity factors and T-stress if the crack in a finite medium is considered.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1996

The mechanical expresion provides for the use of Soil property reserves and permanent protec-tion or improvement of soil resources in accordance with measurable standards. If the functions I (initial soil property), E (soil erosion), R (soil renewal), and M. (minimum allowable value) are assumed to be integrable in region A, erosion tolerance over a region is leaded to ${\int}_A{\int}I(m, cl, re, ch, b)dA-{\int}_A{\int}{\{\int}_{to}^{\infty}[E(w, re, c, re, ch, b, t)-R(m, ch, re, b, t)]dt}\dA{\geqq}{\int}_A{\int}M_i(m, cl, re, ch, b)dA$ were variable factors are m=parent material of soil, cl=climate, re=relief or topography, ch=soil characteristics, r=rain or water, w=wind, b=biota, and t=time.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.229-245
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• 2010

The pupose of this study was to identify the material characteristics, firing environments and making techniques for the jar coffins from the Oryangdong kiln site and the Ungokdong tomb site in Naju. All jar coffins had very similar physical, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, although it was excavated from the different sites. The wall thickness of the jar coffins was about 2.3 to 5.3 cm. Under the microscopy, the jar coffins include a large quantity of various quartz with some microcrystalline and showed partly orthoclase and biotite. It is presumed that the mineral sherds added to maintain the thick wall and to control the percentage of contraction during drying and firing of jar coffins and it has contained about 11.4 to 19.8 %. Firing temperature of the jar coffins is estimated as 1,000 to $1,150^{\circ}C$. Also, all jar coffins and soils show similar geochemical behavior of elements and clay-mineralization degree within the site. This indicates making that the soil is probable to be a raw material of the jar coffins. But it shows different characteristics in major elements of soils which is collected at the kiln floor and the trench region of the Oryangdong kiln site because of the lack of quartz and feldspar in the soils. Therefore, it can use of the jar coffins making clay, if it goes through a simple special process such as mixing temper.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.295-310
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• 2010

Since wall paintings in Maitreya Hall of Geumsan-sa temple had displayed a serious state of damage and deterioration, a detailed examination such as structural analysis of the wall, cause of damage, and the state of deterioration have been thoroughly conducted before the conservation treatment has commenced. The most seriously deteriorated part of the wall paintings was the south wall of the building in particular in its painted and surface layer. The painted layer had formed its own layer of thick, which has been separation from the surface layer. As such problem developed the whole surface layer has been separated from the wall. The problem has been caused by two reasons: 1. the heavy weight of the roof section and it caused cracks and damage on the wall; 2. the loss of function of consolidating material and it caused discolouring and the separation of surface layer from the wall. The cause of damage on the painted and surface layers can be assumed in two ways: 1. its surrounding environment such as the change of temperature and humidity level and ultraviolet rays ; 2. the loss of mechanical function of consolidating material, synthetic resin which had been applied in the past conservation treatment. The separation of layers from the wall and cracks was caused by the mistake in choosing an applicable consolidating material and dismantling technique which had ignored a different characteristic of the wall painting of Korean buddhist temples.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.273-285
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• 2019

This study is aimed to interpret the raw material characteristics and manufacturing technology through physical, mineral and geochemical analysis of the brown-glazed stonewares and roof tiles excavated from the Hong Nang Sida temple in Laos, which was built in the 12th century. The glaze of brown-glazed stoneware is a typical lime serial with CaO content of more than 15 % and they were vitrified. The body is the combination of quartz, mullite and cristobalite, but had not vitrified texture, and therefore, which is assumed to have been fired more than 950 ℃. Meanwhile, The roof tiles are unglazed and its outer color is reddish brown, whitish grey and bluish grey. The bluish gray tiles has sandwich structure, which seem to experience imperfect reducing environment. The tile samples with a number of amorphous iron oxide nodule had a very similar chemical composition. In conclusion, it is assumed that the clay source was made from raw material produced from the same bedrock. The firing temperature of roof tiles were divided into less than 900 ℃, 900~950 ℃ and greater than 950 ℃ according to detection of micas, hercynite and mullite.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.20
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• pp.61-76
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• 2018

The National Museum of Korea conducted conservation treatmenton the armor in its collection for the purposes of public display and appropriate preservation. This was preceded by a literature study on the types and features of the armor in order to collect basic data for secure and accurate conservation treatment. The literature study found that during the Joseon dynasty, armor was named in reflection of precise details including the color, material, status of the wearer, and even the certain parts of a suit of armor. In general, the name of armor includes the details in the order of color, underlying textile, and scale material (e.g., iron, leather). The former part of the name presents the features of the garment and the latter part refers to the material of the scales or the status of the wearer. The study also found that main materials used in armor include textiles, leather, and metal, and armor can be classified by the materials of the scales-e.g., metal armor (鐵甲), leather armor (皮甲), paper armor (紙甲), paper-and-fabric armor (淹心甲), silk armor (緞甲). Joseon-period armor can also be classified into four types according to its structure and the method of wearing, and overcoat(袍)-style armor was the most widely used in the period following the Japanese Invasion of Joseon (1592-1598) through the late nineteenth~early twentieth century. Overcoat-style armor was commonly worn by infantry, and the four examples of armor with leather scales at the National Museum of Korea belong to this category.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.220-237
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• 2021

This study carried out the conservation treatment for the mattress put on the bed, which is one of 4 items in National Folklore Cultural Heritage, the Red-lacquered Furniture with the inlaid mother-of-pearl design used by Empress Sunjeonghyo (presumed), after identifying the characteristics of the manufacturing techniques and the used materials. And the study intends to compare it with the mattress placed in the Daejojeong in the Changdeokgung Palace in order to identify the characteristics of mattresses domestically used during the 1920s and 1930s. From the analysis of the mattress presumably used by Empress Sunjeonghyo, it was identified that the mattress frame was made of pinaceous hemlock spruce while the webbing and twine in the structural parts were made of jute. The findings are as follows: the burlap had a filling material that was made of jute; the straw mat was made from Oryza; and, the rest of the filling material was cotton. Rayon was used for the top cover while cotton was used for the bottom. As a result of research on the materials and the inner structure, it was found that mattress was manufactured in the form of the upholstery style mainly found in chairs and day-beds in Western furniture. Based on analysis results, materials identical to the original were adopted during the conservation treatment. Next, the process of dismantling, cleaning, repair, reinforcement and assembling was conducted. During the dismantling process, the top cover was newly discovered and some letters (Yokohama, Kobe, and Joseon) were found in the burlap filling, but there was no trace which can clarify its maker or production place. dry cleaning was carried out on the structural parts, filling materials, and the cover, and then the repair and reinforcement were done, preserving the existing materials in the upholstery structure and using the same materials for conservation. The webbing in the structural parts was reinforced using materials identical to the original, and the twine was used for arranging and fixing the springs into wooden frames. For the damaged cotton cloth and burlap, reinforcement materials identical to the original were put over it and sown. For the damaged area of the top cover, reinforcement cloth was cut and then added inside and the damaged area was sown. Assembling was carried out in the reverse order of the dismantling. After the burlap identical to the original material was inserted into the areas in contact with the springs and then fastened, a filling pad, reinforcement cloth, a straw mat, cotton cloth, cotton felt, wide cotton cloth for protecting the cover, and the cover were layered and fastened with tacks. The two mattresses used by Empress Sunjeonghyo differed only by the period of production and followed the same Western upholstery style consisting of the frames, filling materials, and covers. During the conservation treatment process, a velvet cover was newly discovered and the traces of repair in the past were found. Furthermore, identifying straw mats, straw bags, and straws for filling material, this study confirmed changes in the materials used according to the production environment. In the future, it is expected to see changes in the conservation materials during the conservation treatment and manufacturing techniques used for chairs and sofas in the upholstery style belonging to the modern cultural artifacts.