The Conservation Treatment for the Mattress from National Folklore Cultural Heritage, the Red-lacquered Furniture with Inlaid Mother-of-pearl Design Used by Empress Sunjeonghyo and Comparative Study of Manufacturing Techniques

This study carried out the conservation treatment for the mattress put on the bed, which is one of 4 items in National Folklore Cultural Heritage, the Red-lacquered Furniture with the inlaid mother-of-pearl design used by Empress Sunjeonghyo (presumed), after identifying the characteristics of the manufacturing techniques and the used materials. And the study intends to compare it with the mattress placed in the Daejojeong in the Changdeokgung Palace in order to identify the characteristics of mattresses domestically used during the 1920s and 1930s. From the analysis of the mattress presumably used by Empress Sunjeonghyo, it was identified that the mattress frame was made of pinaceous hemlock spruce while the webbing and twine in the structural parts were made of jute. The findings are as follows: the burlap had a filling material that was made of jute; the straw mat was made from Oryza; and, the rest of the filling material was cotton. Rayon was used for the top cover while cotton was used for the bottom. As a result of research on the materials and the inner structure, it was found that mattress was manufactured in the form of the upholstery style mainly found in chairs and day-beds in Western furniture. Based on analysis results, materials identical to the original were adopted during the conservation treatment. Next, the process of dismantling, cleaning, repair, reinforcement and assembling was conducted. During the dismantling process, the top cover was newly discovered and some letters (Yokohama, Kobe, and Joseon) were found in the burlap filling, but there was no trace which can clarify its maker or production place. dry cleaning was carried out on the structural parts, filling materials, and the cover, and then the repair and reinforcement were done, preserving the existing materials in the upholstery structure and using the same materials for conservation. The webbing in the structural parts was reinforced using materials identical to the original, and the twine was used for arranging and fixing the springs into wooden frames. For the damaged cotton cloth and burlap, reinforcement materials identical to the original were put over it and sown. For the damaged area of the top cover, reinforcement cloth was cut and then added inside and the damaged area was sown. Assembling was carried out in the reverse order of the dismantling. After the burlap identical to the original material was inserted into the areas in contact with the springs and then fastened, a filling pad, reinforcement cloth, a straw mat, cotton cloth, cotton felt, wide cotton cloth for protecting the cover, and the cover were layered and fastened with tacks. The two mattresses used by Empress Sunjeonghyo differed only by the period of production and followed the same Western upholstery style consisting of the frames, filling materials, and covers. During the conservation treatment process, a velvet cover was newly discovered and the traces of repair in the past were found. Furthermore, identifying straw mats, straw bags, and straws for filling material, this study confirmed changes in the materials used according to the production environment. In the future, it is expected to see changes in the conservation materials during the conservation treatment and manufacturing techniques used for chairs and sofas in the upholstery style belonging to the modern cultural artifacts.

국가민속문화재 전 순정효황후 주칠 나전가구(傳 純貞孝皇后 朱漆 螺鈿家具) 매트리스의 보존처리 및 제작 기법 비교

국가민속문화재 전 순정효황후 주칠 나전가구(傳 純貞孝皇后 朱漆 螺鈿家具) 매트리스의 제작 기법 및 사용 재료의 특성을 확인한 후 보존처리를 진행하였으며, 창덕궁 대조전 매트리스와 비교하여 1920~30년대 국내에서 사용된 매트리스의 특징을 확인해보고자 하였다. 전 순정효황후 매트리스 분석 결과, 프레임은 소나무과 솔송이 사용되었으며, 구조부인 웨빙, 트와인은 마섬유로 확인되었다. 충전재인 버랩은 마섬유, 초석은 벼속, 그 외 충전재는 면섬유로 확인되었다. 커버 상단은 레이온, 하단은 면섬유가 사용되었다. 사용된 재료와 내부 구조를 확인한 결과, 서양 가구인 데이베드와 의자에서 주로 사용되는 업홀스터리로 제작되었다. 보존처리 과정에서는 분석 결과를 바탕으로 유사한 재료를 사용하였으며, 해체 → 세척 → 보수 및 보강 → 조립의 순으로 진행하였다. 해체 과정에서 상단의 커버가 새롭게 발견되었으며, 충전재인 버랩에서 요코하마, 고베, 조선의 단어가 발견되었다. 하지만 제작사나 제작 장소를 특정할 수 있는 추가적인 흔적은 발견되지 않았다. 구조부와 충전재, 커버는 건식 세척을 진행한 후 업홀스터리 구조에서 기존 재료는 제거하지 않고 유사한 재료를 사용하여 보수 및 보강을 진행하였다. 구조부 웨빙은 동종의 재료를 사용하여 보강하였으며, 스프링의 배열 및 고정은 트와인을 사용하여 목재 프레임에 고정하였다. 손상된 면천과 버랩은 유사한 소재의 보강재를 덧댄 후 바느질하였다. 상단 커버는 손상부에 보강 직물을 마름하여 안쪽에 넣고 바느질하였다. 조립은 해체의 역순으로 진행하였다. 스프링과 닿는 부분에 동일 소재의 버랩을 삽입하여 고정한 후 충전패드, 보강천, 초석, 면천, 솜포, 커버 보호용 광목천, 커버를 씌워 택으로 마무리하였다. 순정효황후가 사용한 2개의 매트리스는 제작 시기의 차이가 있을 뿐 프레임과 충전재, 커버로 구성된 서양의 업홀스터리로 제작되었다. 보존처리 과정에서 새로운 벨벳 커버가 발견되었고 이전 수리 흔적이 확인되었으며, 충전재로 초석, 가마니와 짚풀 등이 확인됨에 따라 제작 환경에 따른 사용 재료의 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 근대문화재 업홀스터리 의자 또는 소파의 보존처리에서 사용 재료 및 제작 방법의 변화를 살펴볼 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.