• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.357-361
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• 2005

The bioconversion of linoleic acid (LA) to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was investigated to examine LA-adaptation of Bifidobacterium breve KCTC 3461 to additions of 1 to 5 mg/mL of LA overtime. To induce LA-adaptation, B. breve KCTC 3461 was treated with LA, according to three schemes. For LA-adapted B. breve the maximum concentration of CLA, $300\~350{\mu}g/mL$, was obtained in cys-MRS medium containing 1 mg/mL of LA. The CLA production significantly increased with increasing LA concentration, from 1 to 4 mg/mL, but the conversion of LA to CLA gradually decreased. The CLA production capability of B. breve, and its tolerance, improved significantly with LA-adaptation. The addition of LA (1 mg/mL) into the culture broth after 24 h of cultivation in a 100-mL media bottle was most effective at promoting CLA production. In a 2.5-L stirred-tank bioreactor, the observed conversion and productivity of $56.6\%\;and\;35.4{\mu}gmL^{-1}h^{-1}$, respectively, by LA-adapted B. breve were approximately 6.6 and 9.8 times higher than those of LA-unadapted B. breve.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.879-885
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• 2010

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are found naturally in foods, such as milk, milk products, beef and others, from biohydrogenation of vegetable oils. They are heterogenous group of isomers of linoleic acid in the family of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among the isomers of linoleic acid cis9, trans11- CLA (c9, t11-CLA) and trans10, cis12- CLA (t10, c12-CLA) are found to be biologically active isomers. These biologically active isomers either individual or combined found to be health beneficial in various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, conclusive participation in physiological processes are necessary. This review focused on the current study of CLA in prevention of disease, such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and their effective function in body fat reduction, improvement of bone and muscle mass at a cellular, clinical and systematic level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.127-133
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• 1998

Ground beef에서 처음으로 분리된 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)는 mouse epidermal carcinogenesis, mouse forestomach tumor, rat mammry carchnogenesis 및 colon carcinogenesis를 억제하는 항암성 효과를 지니고 있다. CLA는 항암성뿐만 아니라 anti-atherosclerosis, immune function과 항산화성 등의 생리활성 효능이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, CLA의 주요 source는 반추동물에서 유래된 meat, 우유 및 유제품이며 일반 식물성유에도 미량으로 존재한다. 최근 국내외에서 CLA를 이용한 기능성 meat 및 식품을 생산하기 위한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 본 발표에서는 CLA에 관한 간단한 review와 본 연구진의 연구결과를 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.257-257
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• 2007

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.65-75
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• 2010

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.478-478
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• 2003

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.580-586
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• 2008

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds. These conjugated dienes were found to be responsible for many biological properties related to health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of cis-9, trans-11 CLA by Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from breast-fed infants. Nine different cultures were tested for their ability to produce cis-9, trans-11 CLA from free linoleic acid in MRS broth and 8% reconstituted skim milk medium supplemented with linoleic acid at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. cis-9, trans-11 CLA was not detected or detected in very small amount when cell pellets of strains grown in MRS broth and 8% reconstituted skim milk supplemented with linoleic acid of $200{\mu}g/mL$. However, free cis-9, trans-11 CLA was produced in both media. It appeared that 8% reconstituted skim milk produced more cis-9, trans-11 CLA than MRS broth. L. acidophilus NB 203 and NB 209 produced more cis-9, trans-11 CLA than other tested cultures. The inhibitory effects of supplemented linoleic acid on the growth of L. acidophilus NB 203 and NB 209 were not detected up to $3,000{\mu}g/mL$ linoleic acid addition during the growth at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. The production of cis-9, trans-11 CLA by these two L. acidophilus strains increased in the logarithmic growth phase until 24 hr incubation. Under this experimental condition, the best yield of CLA isomers for L. acidophilus NB 203 and NB 209 could be obtained from medium supplemented with $500{\mu}g/mL$ linoleic acid at $37^{\circ}C$ after 24 hr of incubation. These results indicate that the use of lactic acid bacteria producing free CLA in fermented dairy products may have potential health or nutritional benefits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1343-1347
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• 2004

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations of commercial yoghurts and the ability of dairy starter cultures to produce CLA were investigated. The CLA contents of yoghurts were in the range of 4.1~14.8 mg/l00 g. CLA contents in yoghurts depended on the amount of milk used for raw material. Regression test showed positive correlations between CLA concentrations and selected fatty acids (stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid) of lipids in yoghurts. Among the 67 commercial dairy starter cultures tested, one of Lactobacillus acidophilus, one of Lactobacillus casei and three of Streptococcus thermophilus were found to be capable of converting free linloeic acid to CLA and cis-9, trans-11 octadecadienoic acid presented more than 70% of the total CLA formed. The CLA conversion rate of the screened strains ranged from 6.1% to 8.6% in whole milk for 24 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.752-760
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• 2008

Scale-up production of low-trans fat containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA-TFO) was performed through lipase-catalyzed synthesis. Blend of fully hydrogenated soybean oil, olive oil containing conjugated linoleic acid and palm oil with 1:2:7 ratio was interesterified through Lipozyme RM IM in the 1 L-batch type reactor at $65^{\circ}C$ for 12 hrs, and the physicochemical and melting properties of CLA-TFO were compared with conventional (high trans fat) or commercial low-trans fat shortening. The trans fatty acids content in the conventional shortening (48.8 area%) was much higher than that of low-trans shortening (0.4 area%) and CLA-TFO (0.3 area%+CLA; 7.6 area%). Acid, saponification and iodine values of CLA-TFO were 0.4, 173.9 and 59.0, respectively. Their ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol contents showed 4.7, 1.0 mg/100 g. Differences were observed in the solid fat contents (SFC), melting point of the conventional or low-trans fat and CLA-TFO. Each SFC of conventional, low-trans fat and CLA-TFO was 32.0, 29.3 and 30.4% with melting point of 38.5, 43.0 and $39.5^{\circ}C$ at $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. In texture profile analysis, hardness of conventional, low-trans fat and CLA-TFO was 111.7, 75.2 and 63.8 g.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2003

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a class of positional, geometric conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid (LA). CLA activates the immune system, protects against tumorigenesis, and reduces the incidence of atherosclerosis. Trans-10, cis-12 CLA has specific effects on lipid metabolism, it has been shown to reduce body fat gain and regulates some adipocyte secreted proteins in vivo and in vitro. Here we report that a CLA mixture affects cytokine secretion from rat primary adipocytes. Rat primary adipocytes were treated with 1 mM, 100 $\mu$M, 1 $\mu$M or 100 nM CLA mixture doses; and leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF a ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and glycerol levels in the medium were measured. Leptin secretion was lower, TNF $\alpha$ secretion higher and IL-6 secretion did not change in response to the CLA mixture. Leptin and TNF $\alpha$ secretions did not change with CLA mixture treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the CLA mixture did not appear to enhance lipolysis in rat primary adipocytes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the decrease in leptin and increase in TNF $\alpha$ secretion in adipocytes treated with CLA mixture may be due to the apoptotic effect and to a reduction in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR ${\gamma}$ ) ligands.