• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2015

Rhizina undulata, the causal agent of Rhizina root rot, is a soil-borne fungus occurring on coniferous trees. The destruction of coastal forests caused by R. undulata infection has been mainly associated with bonfires at camping sites. However, Rhizina root rot was observed in the western coastal forests without fire. It was hypothesized that Rhizina root rot in this area might be closely related to the soil salinity, which can facilitate the growth and survival of R. undulata. So, the variation in sodium chloride (NaCl) resistance among isolates of Rhizina undulata was compared using liquid media containing different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0 mM to 300 mM. Our results showed that, albeit of no growth at a higher concentration of NaCl (300 mM), most of R. undulata isolates were capable of germinating and grew at up to 100 mM, indicating that NaCl resistance varies among R. undulata isolates. It was further found that isolates from coastal areas seemed to be more tolerant to NaCl than those further away the coast. We demonstrated that R. undulata could be possible to survive in coastal areas, but was lower NaCl tolerance than other fungi.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.548-565
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• 2023

Armillaria root disease affects forests around the world. It occurs in many habitats and causes losses in the infested stands. Weather conditions are important factors for growth and development of Armillaria species. Yet, the relation between occurrence of damage caused by Armillaria disease and weather variables are still poorly understood. Thus, we used generalized linear mixed models to determine the relationship between weather conditions of current and previous year (temperature, precipitation and their deviation from long-term averages, air humidity and soil temperature) and the incidence of Armillaria-induced damage in young (up to 20 years old) and older (over 20 years old) coniferous stands in selected forest districts across Poland. We used unique data, gathered over the course of 23 years (1987-2009) on tree damage incidence from Armillaria root disease and meteorological parameters from the 24-year period (1986-2009) to reflect the dynamics of damage occurrence and weather conditions. Weather parameters were better predictors of damage caused by Armillaria disease in younger stands than in older ones. The strongest predictor was soil temperature, especially that of the previous year growing season and the current year spring. We found that temperature and precipitation of different seasons in previous year had more pronounced effect on the young stand area affected by Armillaria. Each stand's age class was characterized by a different set of meteorological parameters that explained the area of disease occurrence. Moreover, forest district was included in all models and thus, was an important variable in explaining the stand area affected by Armillaria.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2007

산불 발생 지역의 피해목 벌채가 조류의 개체군 및 군집에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 강원도 삼척시의 침엽수림 산불 피해지에서 2005년부터 2006년까지 총 57회의 정점 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 산불로 인해 발생한 피해목을 제거하는 산불 후 관리는 종 풍부도(richness), 수도(abundance), 다양성(diversity)의 측면에서 조류의 서식에 매우 불리한 여건을 조성하였다. 길드 분석 결과 피해목 벌채 이후 지상 및 하층식생에서 번식하는 조류(ground-shrub nesters), 나무 구멍에서 번식하는 수동 영소성 조류(davity nesting birds) 등의 서식 밀도가 감소하였으며, 나무에 구멍을 뚫고 먹이를 찾는 조류(timber driller)와 수관층에서 먹이를 찾는 조류(foliage searcher) 역시 피해목 벌채 이후 서식 밀도가 감소하였다. 따라서 산불 발생 지역의 조류 군집을 보전하기 위해서는 일정 수준의 피해목 존치가 필수적이며, 피해목 존치에 대한 산불 후 관리 기준을 수립하기 위해 오색딱다구리(Dendrocopos major) 등 특정 대상 종에 대한 집중적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2012

Phytoncide, which is emitted from plant against the insect species and bacterium, has been known as a health builder for human. Monoterpenes are major components of phytoncide. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution characteristics of phytoncide(monoterpene) depending on main species of tree, season, and meteorological factors in the 5 recreation forests, Chungbuk area. From the result of the study. it was shown that the annual concentrations of monoterpene are ranged in 236.0pptv - 698.3pptv depending on main species of tree. The variation of seasonal concentration was summer > spring > fall. The monoterpene concentration of coniferous forest was founded to be higher than broad leaved forest. In general, concentration of major components is ${\alpha}$-pinene > ${\beta}$-pinene > camphene > d-limonene. The concentration of terpene was founded to be greatly influenced by the meteological factors such as insolation and temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate by the MGP analysis the composition of oribatid mite in coniferous and broad-leaved forests, Kwang Yng experiment plantation, Chola Nam Do Province, southern part of Korea. In these study area, 157 species of oribatid mites (Acari: Cryptogimata) were identified. Among them 6 species such as; Brachychochthonius jugatus JACOT, B hungaricus BALOGH, Eremulus translamealtus BALOGH et. MAHUNKA, Brachioppiella ctenifera GOLOSOVA, Striatoppia opuntiseta BALOGH et. MAHUNKA, Suctobelba perdentata baculifer BALOGH et. MAHUNKA have not been described in Korea. Species compositions were as follows; Among them 69 species were found in all the six sampling sites, 33 species scattered sporadically in all the area, 12 species found in coniferous forest, 10 species in broad-leaved forest only, and 33 species sampled at one site. According to the MGP analysis I, site B-1, B-2, and B-3 were found to be "Type G" and site C-1, C-2, and C-3 were "Type MG". According to the MGP analysis II, site B were found to be all "Type G". But site C-1 was "Type MG", C-2 was "Type M" and C-3 was "Type G" suggesting that "Group M" increased in the site C.e G" suggesting that "Group M" increased in the site C. in the site C.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze annual diameter growth characteristics for major 11 tree species using the data for Gangwon province of the National Forest Resources Inventory in 2007. The annual diameter growth of coniferous species was 5.02 mm, 4.70 mm, and 3.90 mm in Korean white pine, Japanese larch, and Korean red pine, respectively. In growths of the deciduous trees, dogwood, basswood, and cork oak had 3.55 mm, 3.48 mm and 3.01 mm, respectively. Average of the annual diameter growths for all species was 3.38 mm. The relationship between diameter growth and age class showed that the growth rate decreased for all species as age increased. The age class II had the highest annual diameter rate. In relation of the stand density(trees per hectare) and diameter growth, the diameter growth tended to decrease as the stand density increased for most species, especially Korean white pine, cork oak, and basswood. Finally age had the highest value in the correlation coefficients between measurement factor and growth rate regardless of species.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.90-103
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• 2017

본 연구는 도심온도 저감을 위한 녹지의 기능을 규명하기 위하여 여름철 고온 시간대에 도심녹지에서 나타나는 표면온도 특성을 분석하였다. 도시 내 고립된 녹지인 익산 소라산 자연마당을 대상으로 고해상도 UAV 영상을 활용하여 정밀한 표면온도 자료를 취득하였고, 피복유형, 식생유형, 수종유형, 수종별 녹지용적과 표면온도와의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과 피복유형 중 습지와 산림은 저온역, 포장지는 표면온도가 월등히 높은 고온역으로 확인되었다. 식생유형에서는 산림 내 침엽수보다 활엽수의 표면온도가 낮았고, 조경수식재지 내에선 활엽수보다 침엽수의 표면온도가 낮은 반대의 결과가 확인되었다. 장초지보다 단초지의 표면온도가 높아 초지의 용적에 따른 온도차이가 확인되었다. 산림수종유형별 표면온도는 침엽수인 소나무림보다 활엽수인 아까시나무림과 활엽수혼효림의 표면온도가 낮았고, 활엽수혼효림과 아까시나무림간의 미세한 표면온도 차이가 확인되었다. 산림수종유형별 녹지용적과 표면온도 분석결과 소나무림과 활엽수혼효림에서는 기존 연구 결과와 유사하게 녹지용적 증가에 따라 표면온도가 감소하는 음의상관관계가 확인되었다. 그러나 아까시나무림은 용적의 증가에 따라 미세하게 표면온도가 상승하는 약한 양의상관관계가 확인되어 수종에 따라서는 용적과 온도의 일관된 상관성에 예외가 있을 수 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 침엽수와 활엽수간 차이, 용적과 온도의 관계, 수종별 차이 등 녹지의 세부적 속성과 온도의 관계에 관하여 정밀한 공간자료를 활용한 다각적인 연구가 계속되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

본 연구는 산불로 부터 안전한 천장산 일대 의릉 문화재 방재대책 수립을 목적으로 임상과 지형인자를 고려하여 산불위험성 분석을 실시하였다. 천장산과 의릉 문화재의 방재대책 수립을 위해 공간특성자료($100m{\times}100m$)를 이용하여 각 지점별 산불발생확률모형(logistic regression)을 통해 천장산 일대의 산불발생위험성 평가와 임상에 따른 산불위험성 및 산불확산 위험성을 평가하였다. 천장산 일대에서 산불 발생에 영향을 주는 공간특성으로는 경급, 남동향, 남서향, 남향, 침엽수, 활엽수, 혼효림으로 나타났으며, 이들 인자를 이용하여 각 지점별 산불발생확률[1+exp{-(-4.8081-(0.02453*경급)+(0.6608*남동향)+(0.507*남서향)+(0.7943*남향)+(0.29498*침엽수)+(0.28897*활엽수)+(0.17788*혼효림))}]$^{-1}$을 추정하였다. 산불 발생 후의 산불 대형화 위험지역 구분을 위해 침엽수림, 활엽수림, 혼효림에 대한 주제도를 작성하여 문화재 보호를 위한 방재대책 수립을 위한 기초자료를 작성하였다. 향후 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 산불 등 재해관리에 있어서 산불발생위험이 높은 지역과 대형화 위험지역을 사전에 예측하여 효율적인 예방대책을 수립은 물론 진화자원의 효율적 운용을 통해 산불로 인한 문화재 소실을 피해를 저감할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.548-557
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• 2021

Background: Due to the emergence of new diseases such as COVID-19, an increasing number of people are struggling with stress and depression. Interest is growing in forest-based recreation for physical and mental relief. Objectives: A prediction model equation using meteorological factors and data was developed to predict the quantities of medicinal substances generated in forests (monoterpenes) in real-time. Methods: The concentration of phytoncide and meteorological factors in the forests near Chuncheon in South Korea were measured for nearly two years. Meteorological factors affecting the observation data were acquired through a multiple regression analysis. A model equation was developed by applying a linear regression equation with the main factors. Results: The linear regression analysis revealed a high explanatory power for the coefficients of determination of temperature and humidity in the coniferous forest (R²=0.7028 and R²=0.5859). With a temperature increase of 1℃, the phytoncide concentration increased by 31.7 ng/Sm³. A humidity increase of 1% led to an increase in the coniferous forest by 21.9 ng/Sm³. In the deciduous forest, the coefficients of determination of temperature and humidity had approximately 60% explanatory power (R²=0.6611 and R²=0.5893). A temperature increase of 1℃ led to an increase of approximately 9.6 ng/Sm³, and 1% humidity resulted in a change of approximately 6.9 ng/Sm³. A prediction model equation was suggested based on such meteorological factors and related equations that showed a 30% error with statistical verification. Conclusions: Follow-up research is required to reduce the prediction error. In addition, phytoncide data for each region can be acquired by applying actual regional phytoncide data and the prediction technique proposed in this study.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.341-347
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• 1991

The character and differential species of Abies koreana community, a subalpine coniferous forest, on Mt. Hall a and its vegetation unit were reviewed, based on literature published up to date. Song and Nakanish (1985a) originally described Saso-Abietetum koreanae Song et Nakanishi 1985 for the community. At that time, we were fully justified in establishing the nomenclature. Nevertheless, against this nomenclature, Yim and Kim (1990) made a objection, and it was renamed as what is called Saso quelpaertensi-Abietetum koreanae (Song et Nakanishi) corr. Yim et Kim 1990. In their previous study(Yim et al., 1990) being the root of the nomenclature, however, they did not study on the full layers containing the moss layer of bryophyte and lichen for the stratification of the Abies koreana community, in spite of the importance of the species of moss layer for the selection of character and differential species of vegetation units belonging to Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. 1939, and also the floristic composition from their study was not compared with that of the vegetation units of the subalpine coniferous forests in Korea Peninsula, Japan, Maritime Province of Siberia and Northeast China. Among the four character species selected by them, it is clear that Maianthemum bifolim and Lonicera maackii are species no having the characteristic value from the phytosociological viewpoint. Besides, Sasa quelpaerthensis described in their nomenclature is a synonym of S. palmata (Suzuki, 1978). Therefore, their nomenclature is invalid and comes under a contravention (Infringement of Priority) to the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Barkman et al., 1986). Saso-Abietetum koreanae was amply justified also by author's recent study (Song, 1991)examined throughout the range of subalpine coniferous forest in Korea. With the discussion of justification of Saso-Abietetum koreanae, a association discussion was brought in the present review.