• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2016

Background: Asymmetry of the infraorbital rim can be caused by trauma, congenital or acquired disease, or insufficient reduction during a previous operation. Such asymmetry needs to be corrected because the shape of the infraorbital rim or midfacial skeleton defines the overall midfacial contour. Methods: The study included 5 cases of retruded infraorbital rim. All of the patient underwent restoration of the deficient volume using polyethylene implants between June 2005 and June 2011. The infraorbital rim was accessed through a subciliary approach, and the implants were placed in subperiosteal space. Surgical outcomes were evaluated using preoperative and postoperative computed tomography studies. Results: Implant based augmentation was associated with a mean projection of 4.6 mm enhancement. No postoperative complications were noted during the 30-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Because of the safeness, short recovery time, effectiveness, reliability, and potential application to a wide range of facial disproportion problems, this surgical technique can be applied to midfacial retrusion from a variety of etiologies, such as fracture involving infraorbital rim, congenital midfacial hypoplasia, lid malposition after blepharoplasty, and skeletal changes due to aging.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.3 s.104
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• pp.261-267
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• 2004

Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) is one of the most common congenital deformities and its prevalence in Far East Asia, such as within Korean and Japanese populations, is relatively high. However, in the eastern part of Europe, clefts are relatively rare situations. These ethnic differences infer a genetic background of the disease. The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in $TGF-{\beta}3$ between Korean and Romanian cleft families. Korean cleft families samples were collected from twenty-six families (n=78) and Romanian cleft families samples were collected from eighteen families (n=41). For sequencing, the blood or saliva of the subjects was sampled. A single nucleotide polymorphism was observed in the intron 5 of $TGF-{\beta}3$ (Al8141G). The frequency of each allele was significantly different between the Korean and Romanian samples. The Ah allele was present in 18 out of 78 Korean samples (23.1%) and in 27 out of 41 Romanian samples (65.9%). The AG was present in 27 (34.6%) out of 78 Koreans and in 13 (31.7%) out of 41 Romanians. The GG was found in 33 (42.3%) Koreans and in 1 (2.4%) Romanian. The difference between the groups was significant (p<0.001). In conclusion, the frequency of observed SNP was significantly different between the two countries. SNP in $TGF-{\beta}3$ in the Korean population seemed to have a higher possibility of occurrence for nonsyndromic cleft palate than the Romanian population.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2020

Positional plagiocephaly is increasing in infants. Positional plagiocephaly is an asymmetric deformation of skull due to various reasons; first birth, assisted labor, multiple pregnancy, prematurity, congenital muscular torticollis and position of head. Positional plagiocephaly can mostly be diagnosed clinically and by physical examinations. The simplest way to assess the severity of plagiocephaly is to use a diagonal caliper during physical examination, which measures the difference between the diagonal lengths on each side of the head. Plagiocephaly can be treated surgically or conservatively. Positional plagiocephaly, which is not accompanied by craniosynostosis, is treated conservatively. Conservative treatments involve a variety of treatments, such as change of positions, physiotherapy, massage therapy, and helmet therapy. Systematic approaches to clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly can be necessary and the age-appropriate treatment is recommended for patients with positional plagiocephaly.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2017

Lymphangioma is a congenital malformed lymphatic tumor that rarely involves the tongue. In our clinic, a 10-year-old female presented with lymphangioma circumscriptum involving the right two-thirds of the tongue. We administered an intralesional combination injection of triamcinolone, bleomycin, and bevacizumab as a treatment. Almost complete remission after combination therapy was achieved without complications such as edema, swallowing difficulties or recurrence. Bevacizumab, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor, was effective for the treatment of lymphangioma of the tongue in this case. No recurrence was noted at the 1-year follow up.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 2018

Treacher Collins syndrome is a congenital disorder that is characterized with a wide range of cranio-facial deformities. Zygomatic hypoplasia or aplasia is one of the key features, and surgical reconstruction of the consequent depression on the zygomatic area is deemed necessary by many patients. Various surgical options are available-injectables, alloplastic materials, autologous grafting, and autogenous tissue transfer. It depends on each patient which technique to use. Here, we present a clinical case, in which bilateral free groin flaps were adopted in attempt to resolve the remnant aesthetic deformity associated with zygomatic depression, despite a series of previous surgical efforts, in a 25-year-old Treacher Collins syndrome male patient.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.84-87
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• 2015

Polyotia is an extremely rare type of the auricular malformation that is characterized by a large accessory ear. A 3-year-old girl presented to us with bilateral auricular abnormalities and underwent two-stage corrective operation for polyotia. In this report, we present the surgical details and postoperative outcomes of polyotia correction in the patient. Relevant literature is reviewed.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.314-318
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• 2019

Macroglossia is a rare clinical condition defined as an enlarged tongue. Macroglossia can cause structural deformities like diastema and disproportionate mandibular growth and present functional disorders such as dysarthria, dysphonia, and respiratory problems. A 7-year-old boy who had lymphangiomatous macroglossia was treated with a reduction glossectomy by anchor-shaped combination of a U-shape and modified key-hole resection. Postoperatively, the reduced tongue was contained completely within the oral cavity, but open bite remained due to prognathism. Sensory and motor nerves to the tongue appeared to be intact, and circulation was adequate. This patient will be monitored for recurrence of tongue enlargement.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.329-331
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• 2019

Telecanthus is a common symptom accompanied by Waardenburg syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. The optimal surgery for telecanthus correction is still debated. A 28-year-old patient with Waardenburg syndrome underwent transnasal wiring canthopexy using a Y-V epicanthoplasty for telecanthus correction. A Mini-Monoka stent was used to prevent damage to the lacrimal apparatus. The intercanthal distance decreased from 50 mm to 43.2 mm. The easily designed Y-V epicanthoplasty incision provides sufficient operative field for oblique transnasal wiring, which is effective in properly positioning the medial canthal tendon. It has minimal scarring resulting in satisfactory cosmetic outcomes.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.223-231
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• 2021

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing, and AI models are increasingly applied in the medical field, especially in medical imaging, pathology, natural language processing, and biosignal analysis. On the basis of these advances, telemedicine, which allows people to receive medical services outside of hospitals or clinics, is also developing in many countries. The mechanisms of deep learning used in medical AI include convolutional neural networks, residual neural networks, and generative adversarial networks. Herein, we investigate the possibility of using these AI methods in the field of craniofacial surgery, with potential applications including craniofacial trauma, congenital anomalies, and cosmetic surgery.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.187-189
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• 2022

Patients with pixie ear have an attached, tapering, and low-set earlobe. Traditional methods usually describe excision of the caudal portion of the lobule and reattachment in a more superior position. The present report suggests a simplified skin redraping method for correction of pixie ear. The procedure provides easy method to design and perform, which only requires elevation and trimming of the skin. Other ancillary procedures, such as flap design, anchoring, plication, and subdermal fixation, are not required. This method produces satisfactory results. Postoperative scar is invisible because the incision is on the retroauricular region, and the corrected earlobe has a more natural appearance than the repositioned earlobe. Moreover, skin redraping avoids tension, which contributes to minimization of the postoperative scar.