• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.101-120
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• 2012

This research was conducted in order to find out the effects of boys' self-control, their parents' behaviors and marital conflict on boys' aggression. Subtypes of aggression in the present research consist of dimensions of the functions and forms (proactive-overt, proactive-relational, reactive-overt, reactive-relational). The participants of this study were 237 boys in the fifth and sixth grades in elementary schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The questionnaires were derived and modified from Lee Hong (2009) for boys' aggression, from Ju So Young and Lee Yang Hee (2008) for boys' self-control, from Jun Joo Ram (2008) and Heo Seung Yeon (2009) for maternal behaviors and from Kang Na Jung (2008) for marital conflict. In order to grasp the general characteristics of the participants, frequency and descriptive statistics were used. Also, Pearson's correlation was applied to the relationships amomg boys' self-control, marital behaviors and marital conflict on boys' aggression. Lastly, the variables that can predict boys' aggression were analyzed through multiple regression analysis by SPSS 19.0. The major results of this study were as follows. This research showed that this model fit well for boys. To summarize the important results, what is interesting in the present study is the effect of the mother's role in rearing their sons. It was found that mothers' criticism, negative behaviors, and excessive interference can cause boys' high level of aggressiveness. Also, having parents who fight frequently was strongly associated with boys' relational aggression. An interesting finding is that the mother's support influenced boys' reactive-overt aggression. Lastly, boys' self-control was highly associated with boys' proactive-relational aggression. This research may contribute to understanding boys' aggression' subtypes. To that end, the current results suggest that the dimensions of the functions and forms may be a useful tool in an effort to inform developmental theory and intervention. Also, this research may provide guidance for the resolution of problems caused by boys' aggression. Lastly, it was found that self- control training and parental education programs might prove beneficial for helping aggressive boys to overcome their aggressive impulses.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.93-120
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• 2010

In 1978, Chinese reform and opening caused a big changes in Chinese labor relationship. Through reforming and opening, China gave up part of state ownership system and group ownership system, permitted private ownership system, and also opened the way for capitalists to ride again. Since China was established, the labor relationship ceased for 30 years has been appeared. However because the top priority aim of China's reform was economic growth, the protection of the rights and interests of labor was pushed back on the policy priority list. China takes foreign capitals based on cheap labor force quickly and China come up the worldwide plants. Since reformed, China keeps an economic growth rate of 9.7% annually for 30years. This economic growth is based on labor's sacrifice. However, Chinese fast economic growth causes side effects such as increasement of the gap between the wealthy and the poor, increasement of unbalanced development between regions, and the increasement of conflict between labor and management. Especially, according to changes in labors' level of consciousness, the labors recognized that their rights and interests are exploited by employers. Therefore, the labor dispute is continuously increasing. Chinese government changes their policy from the policy focusing on enterprise development to the policy protecting labor's rights and interests. In order to protect labor's rights and interests, China conducts labor contract law and labor dispute conciliation arbitration law in 2008. This kind of changes in Chinese labor environment affect a lot to Korean companies which already entered into China or are willing to enter. According to studying on present situation and resolution system in Chinese labor dispute, this paper suggests the proper countermeasure related to labor dispute of Korean companies which entered in China. First, the success rate of labor dispute conciliation by enterprise labor dispute conciliation committee is around 20% during recent several years and the success rate by year is in decline. Therefore, when labor dispute is occurred, our companies which entered into China better use other labor dispute methods such as negotiation and arbitration than conciliation in order to settle a conflict. Second, from the Korean enterprises entered in China point of view, there exists a problem not to sue except special cases which provided in the law even though they are dissatisfied with arbitrate judgment. Thus, when labor dispute occurred, Korean enterprises try to do best to settle the dispute through negotiation. However, in case of that the dispute cannot be settled by negotiation, they have to attend in the arbitration as if it is a last chance. Third, Korean enterprises keep in mind that dispute handling procedures between labor union and users or between labor group and users are different, and then deal with separately. Thus, dispute between labor and users have to follow arbitrate procedures as a necessary procedure, but in case of dispute related to group contract, namely dispute against labor union, labor dispute can be settled by arbitrate or suit, so after figuring out the situation exactly, it is necessary to select more advantageous way in order to settle the dispute. Moreover, in case of the dispute between labor union, they have to keep in mind that conciliation procedures cannot be used.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.381-396
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• 2015

The study proposes multiple TRIZ contradiction solution strategies for addressing PC (Physical Contradiction) and TC (Technical Contradiction) by implementing TRIZ cause-and-effect tree. The problem associated with TC of the ends is solved by PC of means which employs a causal relationship between causes and effects. The TRIZ contradiction solution strategies demonstrated in this research are classified into 3 types of combined strategy as follows: 1. To-Be PC and AS-Is PC, 2.To-Be PC and As-Is TC, 3.As-Is PC and To-Be TC. The combined strategy of To-Be PC and As-Is PC is similar to a divide-and-conquer technique. This strategy adopts parallel strategies using 4 separation principles in time, in space, between parts and the whole, and upon condition of two reversed-PCs. Moreover, its application elucidates the conflict relationship of two TCs from the study. The integrated 4 separation principles and 40 inventive principles present an effective synergy effect from the combination, and further addresses the problems in the TRIZ contradiction resolution strategies. Combined strategy of To-Be PC and As-Is TC implements the 40 inventive principles that To-Be PC of the means resolves the As-Is TC of the ends. Combined strategy of As-Is PC and To-Be TC also uses inventive principles to the As-Is PC of the means to solve the To-Be TC of the ends. In addition, propositional and logical relationship of necessary and sufficient conditions between TC and PC is used to support the validity of 3 TRIZ contradiction solution strategies. In addition, 3 other strategies of necessary and sufficient conditions validate the contraposition relationship of the truth table. This study discusses TRIZ case studies from National Quality Circle Contest from the years between 2011 and 2014 to provide the usage guidelines of TRIZ contradiction solutions for quality purposes. Examining analysis from the case studies and investigating combined strategies allows the users to obtain comprehensive understanding.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.801-810
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• 2013

본 연구는 기후변화로 인하여 심각해져가고 있는 자연재해에 보다 효율적인 대응방안을 마련하기 위한 이론적 토대를 확립하고자 도시계획분야의 지속가능성 개념을 재정립하였다. 과거 지속가능성 개념에 대한 고찰과 최근 미국 방재학계의 동향을 분석하여 마련한 새로운 지속가능개발은 기존 환경분야 주요 목표인 환경보호와 더불어 이상기후로부터 도시 사회 안전성 확보가 포함되어야 함을 인식하였다. 그리고 도시 사회 안전성 확보는 저탄소녹색도시 관련요소와의 연계 속에서 이뤄져야 함을 강조하였다. 또한 환경, 경제, 사회분야의 목표를 동시에 추구함으로써 야기되는 갈등을 인식하고 대형화된 자연재해에 효과적으로 대응하기 위하여 기존 공학 시설중심의 구조적 방재대책과 더불어 비구조적 대책의 적극적 도입 필요성을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 이론적 틀을 바탕으로 도시계획분야의 향후 연구는 갈등 조정 중재를 위한 새로운 제도적 틀 마련과 함께 APFM(the Associated Programme on Flood Management)에서 제시한 '노출(Exposure)'과 '취약성(Vulnerability)' 요인을 바탕으로 환경보호와 안전성 확보는 물론 관련 갈등해소에 기여할 수 있는 세부 요소 목표설정, 구체적 관련 기술개발 등에 노력해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.195-214
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to explore the applicability of AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) to select more productive projects among various proposed projects in a particular company. To achieve this research objective, the characteristics of project evaluation and selection are first reviewed with respect to when, where, and how the decision is made. Then the theoretical basis of the AHP is briefly reviewed along with its mathematical underpinnings to construct the framework of project evaluation and selection. To be more specific, the evaluation and selection criteria were reorganized in the AHP-based framework to make the process of project evaluation and selection more productive. Project evaluation and selection is one of the most important activities for the most companies to be more advantageous in the market. Despite the importance of decision making process of project selection, not many of how to choose the best project were suggested as the reliable project selection methods in the industries. It may be because it involves various activities related to conflict resolution among different evaluation criteria, high uncertainties of market, and the unclear tradeoff among various project objectives. Furthermore, the decision, once made at this point, tends to be irrevocable until the whole process turns out to be a complete success or failure. As the result, the AHP method showed better financial performance rather than the traditional method in a case study.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.149-168
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 사서 교사가 지닌 효능감 특징을 분석하고, 효능감 강화 방안을 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2018년도 K 대학 1급 사서교사 자격연수에 참여한 전국의 사서 교사 30명을 대상으로 설문을 하였다. 분석 결과 사서 교사의 효능감은 평균 3.38점이며, 교수법 효능감(3.60점)이 높고, 집단 효능감(3.38점)과 개인 효능감(3.18점)은 낮게 나타났다. 사서 교사는 수업운영, 불우 학생 지도 의지 및 문제 학생 지도 가능성 판단에 대한 개인 효능감과 동료 교사 및 학부모와의 갈등 관리에 대한 집단 효능감이 높았다. 반면에 문제 학생의 원인 분석과 지도, 어려운 내용 및 과목 지도에 대한 개인 효능감이 낮았다. 또 관리자 및 교육청과의 갈등에 대한 집단 효능감이 낮았다. 사서 교사들은 학생에 대한 교수법 방법 개선 노력에 대한 의지가 강하며, 학생 동기화와 교수 준비에 대해서 높은 효능감을 보였다. 그러나 학습 기술이 부족하고, 다양한 교수법이 부족하다는 인식을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 사서 교사 효능감에 영향을 끼친 변인은 출신 학부, 학력, 근무학교 규모, 경력 등이며, 특히 학력이 높을수록 문제 학생 및 불우 학생 지도에 대한 자신감과 열정이 높고 교수법에 대한 자신감이 강했다. 또한, 동료 및 학부모와의 갈등해결과 교수법에 대한 신뢰도 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구에서는 사서 교사 효능감 향상 방안으로 양성에서의 교직 이수비율 확대, 임용 전 사서 교사 연수 제도 개선, 장학체계 확립 그리고 대학원 진학을 통한 전문성 향상 노력 등을 제안하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.91-113
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• 2002

본 논문은 의약분업의 실시와 이에 따른 의료인의 대규모 파업을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 협상 (bargaining)에 관한 게임이론 (game-theory) 모형을 활용하여 의료인들과 정부의 협상과 정과 결과를 분석하고자 하였다. 특히 제도 변화의 과정에 있어 사회적 행위자들 사이의 분배적 갈등의 역할에 초점을 맞추고 있다 정부에 의한 의약분업의 시행은 의료인들로 하여금 심각한 분배적 결과를 초래할 수 있다는 것이며, 이는 다양한 배경의 의료인들로 하여금 정치적 연합의 가능성을 강화시켰다. 의료인들에 의한 분배적 결과의 인식은 파업과 같은 집합행동의 조직화로 나타나고 정부와의 협상 관계에 있어서도 줄곧 협상력의 우위를 견지하는 모습을 보여주었다. 결과적으로 의료인들은 그들이 원하는 결과를 확보하는데 성공한듯이 보인다. 협상은 제도의 형성과 변화에 있어 행위자들 간 상호작용의 중요한 형태라 할 수 있다. 이 경우 한 행위자의 목적은 그들에 유리하게 어떻게 제도적 규칙을 형성해 나가느냐 이다. 행위자들간 이해관계에 따른 갈등의 분석에 있어 주요한 변수는 당사자들 간 협상력의 차이라 할 수 있다. 힘의 비대칭 (asymmetry of power)현상은 제도 형성의 중요한 요소가 될 수 있다. 본 논문은 비협조 게임 모형 (the battle of sexes game)을 이용하여 협상력의 차이에 따른 균형해(equilibrium outcome)의 차이를 분석하고자 하였다. 특히 정부와 의료인의 협상에 있어 선호의 강도(intensity of preference)와 협상의 결렬시 지불해야 하는 비용 (breakdown cost) 의 차이는 협상력의 차이로 이어지고, 결과적으로 제도 변화의 결과를 가늠케 하는 척도로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

본 연구는 국유림경영제도 중 하나인 공동산림사업의 실태분석을 위해 참여형 산림관리 원칙인 이해관계자의 참여, 의사결정의 투명성, 행위자와 이해관계자의 책무성을 이용하여 공동산림사업 업무담당자를 대상으로 Likert 5점 척도와 기입식으로 구성된 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과, 이해관계자 참여(10문항) 항목에서는 다양한 이해관계자가 참여할 수 있는 기회제공이 평균 3.3으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 분쟁 및 갈등 해결 구조 구축이 2.3점으로 가장 낮은 점수를 나타냈다. 투명성(7문항)은 사업에 대한 정보공개가 3.4점, 지역주민을 대상으로 한 정보공유, 교육·홍보활동이 2.7점으로 분석되었으며, 마지막으로 책무성(7문항)에서는 공동사업수행자의 자세한 역할규명 여부가 3.3점, 다양한 이해관계자와 함께 사업에 대한 내·외부 모니터링 및 평가 여부가 2.7점으로 분석되었다. 참여형 산림관리지표를 통해 분석된 본 연구결과는 추후 국유림 참여경영의 활성화를 위한 계획수립에 기초자료로써 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제10D권4호
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• pp.647-654
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• 2003

데이터의 중복은 가용성과 시스템의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 사용한다. 분산 데이터베이스 시스템에서는 데이터베이스의 일관성뿐만 아니라 중복 일판성도 유지해야 한다. 이 논문에서는 부분 중복 환경에서 각 데이터 마다 주사본을 루트로 하여 그 데이터의 사본들을 계층적인 트리로 조직화하고, 이 트리를 이용하여 연산들의 충돌문제를 해결하는 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안한다. 각 데이터의 계층구조화는 갱신이 데이터의 계층구조를 따라 사본이 갖는 사이트에만 전파될 수 있으므로 갱신의 불필요한 전파시간을 제거하여 갱신 전달 시간을 줄일 수 있다. 그리고 제안한 알고리즘은 지연 갱신 전파로 인하여 갱신 전파 도중에 발생할 수 있는 충돌로 인한 비직렬성 문제를 타임스탬프와 보상 트랜잭션을 이용하여 해결한다. 이러한 방식의 연산들의 충돌문제의 해결은 갱신전파 시간을 줄이면서도 일관성 있는 데이터를 제공할 수 있다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.159-188
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• 2002

International joint ventures are usually formed and managed by domestic companies and foreign investors for the common objectives. They offer an opportunity for each partner to benefit significantly from the comparative advantages of the other. Local partners bring knowledge of the domestic market; familiarity with government bureaucracies and regulations; understanding of local labor markets; and existing manufacturing facilities. Foreign partners can offer advanced process and product technologies, management know-how, and access to export markets. In Korea, joint ventures have been encouraged to usher in foreign investors with foreign currency capital badly needed during the IMF financial crisis. In the meantime, Korean laws and regulations with respect to joint ventures have been largely overhauled to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) both inbound and outbound. They include four types of FDI, i.e., acquisition of foreign stocks, provision of long-term loans, participation in joint operations like resources development, and establishment of foreign offices. From the legal point of view, the formal joint venture agreement must be an offspring of a series of tough negotiations between domestic and foreign partners. They usually stress the long-term relationship with the good will and dedication to each other, and restrict the free transfer of stocks. Both partners are earnestly interested in the ownership and management of the joint venture. So they keep a close eye on the articles of incorporation, changes of business environment, conflict resolution methods, transparency of accounting and other financial matters. When a multinational corporation (MNC) is involved in the joint venture, conflicts over management strategies, marketing and other issues take place more often than not between the MNC and local partners. We have to pay attention to joint ventures, particularly, in China and North Korea. As witnessed in other transition economies, China is eagerly bringing in foreign direct investments for the development of nation's economy. China encourages foreign investors to establish ordinary joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, solely invested foreign capital companies and jointly operated development companies with local partners. In North Korea, however, joint ventures have a different meaning like contractual joint ventures in China, in which North Korean partners have an initiative in the management. Rather, jointly operated companies or simply processing-for-wage companies are recommended in view of the unpredictable legal infrastructure in North Korea.