• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2003년도 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.174-177
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• 2003

Cooling load from the top plate to L$N_2$ surface, including wall conduction, gas conduction, radiation, and current leads, is investigated in a closed cooling system for HTS transformer. In general methods of load calculation, individual load is estimated separately, but they are actually coupled each other because of natural convection of nitrogen vapor. Using heat transfer analysis, we calculate cooling load with taking into account the effect of natural convection. Cooling load is under- estimated approximately 2 ％ when the natural convection is ignored. If the operating current is high, there will be a wide difference between actual cooling load and cooling load by individual calculation. Cooling load decreases with increasing number of radiation shield. With production, construction, and cooling load, three radiation shields are proper to 1 MVA HTS transformer.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.923-930
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• 2002

Cooling characteristics of a parallel channel with protruding heat sources using convection and conduction heat transfer are studied numerically. A two-dimensional model has been developed for numerical prediction of transient, compressible, viscous, laminar flow, and conjugate heat transfer between parallel plates with uniform block heat sources. The finite volume method is used to solve the problem. The assembly consists of two channels formed by two covers and one printed circuit board which has three uniform heat source blocks. Six different cooling methods are considered to find out the most efficient cooling method in a given geometry and heat sources. The velocity and temperature fields of cooling medium, the temperature distribution along the block surface, and the maximum temperature in each block are obtained. The results are compared to examine the cooling characteristics of the different cooling methods.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2008

In order to cool the SMES coil to the operating temperature, conduction cooling is generally used. However, it often consumes a large amount of electric power because of it's continuous cryocooler operation. This can also lead to poor thermal stability and serious protection problems of the system. Solid nitrogen (SN2) can counter those disadvantages in the conduction cooling system because it has a large heat capacity. Particularly, a large amount of enthalpy with a minimal weight to the cold body of SN2 makes a compact and portable system by increase a recooling to recooling time period (RRTP) value. A conceptual design of the proto-type SN2 cooling system for a portable HTS superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system will be introduced in this paper.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2003

A contractible heat pipe is designed and tested to improve cooling performance of conduction cooled superconducting magnet. When the heat pipe temperature drops below the triple point temperature, heat pipe working fluid freezes to create low pressure. From this moment the heat pipe does net work any more (OFF state) and it just works as a heat leak path when the temperature of the first stage is higher than that of the second stage. Considering small cooling capacity of the second stage around 4.2 K, the conduction loss is not negligible. Therefore, the contractible heat pipe, made of a metal bellows and copper tubes, was considered to eliminate the conduction loss. Nitrogen and argon are as working fluid of heat pipe. The copper block is cooled down with these heat pipe and the cooling performance for each heat pipe is compared. At off state, the bellows is contracted due to the low pressure of heat pipe and the evaporator section of the heat pipe is detached about 3 mm from the second stage cold head of the cryocooler. In this way, we tan eliminate the conduction loss through the heat pipe wall.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 2009년도 Korea Superconductivity Society Meeting 2009
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• pp.119-119
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• 2009

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 1991

Experiments of quenching were made with cylindrical specimens of carbon steel S45C of diameters from 12 to 30mm were performed. The specimens were heated by electric furnace and quenched by immersion method. In order to analyze the temperature profile(cooling curves) of carbon steel including the latent heat of phase transformation, nonlinear heat conduction problem was calculated by the numerical method of inverse heat conduction problem using the apparent heat capacity method. The difference between the calculated and the experimented cooling curves was caused by the latent heat of phase transformation, and the effects of the latent heat were especially manifest at the cooling curves of center of specimens. The temperature and the quantity of the latent heat of phase transformation depend on the cooling speed at A sub(1) transformation point, and the region for cooling speed to become zero was caused by the latent heat of phase transformation.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2018

이 논문에서는 대 전류, 고온 초전도 직류 리액터를 위한 전도 냉각 시스템의 구조 설계에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 초전도 자석, 보 빈, 전류 리드, 고정용 구조물 그리고 열 교환기가 포함된 전도 냉각 시스템 부품의 크기를 3D CAD 프로그램을 사용하여 계산하였다. 또한, 최적의 설계 변수를 결정하고 열적-기계적 특성을 분석하기 위해서 유한 요소법 모델을 제작하였다. 리액터 자석의 운전 전류와 인덕턴스는 각각 1,500 A 400 mH이며, 이에 따른 극저온 냉동기의 냉각 용량을 결정하기 위해 초전도 직류 리액터에서 발생하는 열 부하를 계산하였다. 또한, 대 전류가 흐르는 1 단부전도 냉각 시스템의 작동 테스트를 수행하였다. 구리 바는 40 K까지 냉각되었고 초전도 리드는 안정적으로 작동했다. 실험 결과로써, 1 단부 영역의 총 열 부하는 190 W였다. 본 연구 결과는 상용 초전도 직류 리액터의 설계 및 제조에 있어 효과적으로 활용 될 것이다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2009

The conduction cooling HTS SMES magnet is operated in cryogenic temperature. The insulation design at cryogenic temperature is an important element that should be established to accomplish miniaturization that is a big advantage of HTS SMES. However, the behaviors of insulators for cryogenic conditions in air or vacuum are virtually unknown. Therefore, we need active research and development of insulation concerning application of the conduction cooling HTS SMES. Specially, this paper was studied about high vacuum and cryogenic temperature breakdown and flashover discharge characteristics between cryocooler and magnet-coil. The breakdown and surface flashover discharge characteristics were experimented at cryogenic temperature and vacuum. Also, we were experimented about mechanical properties of 4-point bending test. From the results, we confirmed that about research between cryocooler and magnet-coil established basic data in the insulation design.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.390-395
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• 2001

Cooling characteristics using convection and conduction heat transfer in a parallel channel with extruding heat sources are studied numerically. A two-dimensional model has been developed for numerical prediction of transient, compressible, viscous, laminar flow, and conjugate heat transfer between parallel plates with uniform block heat sources. The finite volume method is used to solve this problem. The considered assembly consists of two channels formed by two covers and one PCB which has three uniform heat source blocks. Five different cooling methods are considered to find efficient cooling method in a given geometry and heat source. The velocity and temperature fields, local temperature distribution along surface of blocks, and the maximum temperature in each block are obtained.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1063-1072
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• 2003

Direct immersion cooling has been considered as one of the promising methods to cool high power density chips. A fluorocarbon liquid such as FC-72, which is chemically and electrically compatible with microelectronic components, is known to be a proper coolant for direct immersion cooling. However, boiling in this dielectric fluid is characterized by its small value of the critical heat flux. In this experimental study, we tried to enhance the critical heat flux by increasing the nucleate boiling area in the heat spreader (Conductive Immersion Cooling Module). Heat nux of 2 MW/㎡ was successfully removed at the heat source temperature below 78$^{\circ}C$ in FC-72. Some modified boiling curves at high heat flux were obtained from these modules. Also, the concept of conduction path length is very important in enhancing the critical heat flux by increasing the heat spreader surface area where nucleate boiling occurs.