• 한국정보컨버전스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보컨버전스학회 2008년도 International conference on information convergence
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• pp.53-56
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• 2008

This paper reports on the ACQA(Animated agent for Conversational Question Answering) project conducted at LIMSI. The aim is to design an expressive animated conversational agent(ACA) for conducting research along two main lines: 1/ perceptual experiments(eg perception of expressivity and 3D movements in both audio and visual channels): 2/ design of human-computer interfaces requiring head models at different resolutions and the integration of the talking head in virtual scenes. The target application of this expressive ACA is a real-time question and answer speech based system developed at LIMSI(RITEL). The architecture of the system is based on distributed modules exchanging messages through a network protocol. The main components of the system are: RITEL a question and answer system searching raw text, which is able to produce a text(the answer) and attitudinal information; this attitudinal information is then processed for delivering expressive tags; the text is converted into phoneme, viseme, and prosodic descriptions. Audio speech is generated by the LIMSI selection-concatenation text-to-speech engine. Visual speech is using MPEG4 keypoint-based animation, and is rendered in real-time by Virtual Choreographer (VirChor), a GPU-based 3D engine. Finally, visual and audio speech is played in a 3D audio and visual scene. The project also puts a lot of effort for realistic visual and audio 3D rendering. A new model of phoneme-dependant human radiation patterns is included in the speech synthesis system, so that the ACA can move in the virtual scene with realistic 3D visual and audio rendering.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2012

We successfully decorated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with silver by reacting Ag-NPs with thiolfunctionalized MWNT-SH. Ag alkylcarbamate complex was used as an Ag precursor. Uniform Ag-NPs (5-10 nm) were effectively prepared by microwaving within 60 s using 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine (AMP), which acts as a reaction medium, reducing agent, and stabilizer. The MWNTs were functionalized with 2-aminoethanethiol. Exploiting the chemical affinity between thiol and Ag-NPs, Ag-MWNT nanohybrids were obtained by spontaneous chemical adsorption of MWNT-SH to Ag through Ag-S bonds. The Ag-S-MWNTs were characterized by TGA, XRD, and TEM to confirm that Ag-NPs were uniformly decorated onto the MWNTs. The Ag-S-MWNTs were then employed as conducting filler in epoxy resin to fabricate electrically conducting polymer composites. The electrical properties of the composites were measured and compared with that containing MWNT-SH. The electrical conductivity of composites containing 0.4 wt % Ag-S-MWNT was four orders of magnitude higher than those containing same content of MWNT-SH, confirming Ag-S-MWNT as an effective conducting filler.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.106-109
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• 2008

Polyurethane has been one of the most important materials for automobile elastic parts such as bumper, head rest, instrument panel and so on since it covers very wide range of mechanical characteristics with low production costs. The process variables such as formulation of ingredients and mold temperature, mixing speed, etc. can affect the quality of produced polyurethane foams so that process conditions should be determined appropriately. In this study, foaming behaviors of semi-rigid polyurethane were investigated by conducting cup foam tests with 2 major process variables such as environmental temperature and blowing agent content.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2014

In this paper we study consumption-labor supply decision of an agent who prepares for retirement at a known time in the future. The agent is assumed to have a preference which is represented by the von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function in which the felicity function has constant relative risk aversion over the composite of consumption and leisure. The composite is obtained by the Cobb-Douglas function. A general problem has been studied by Bodie et al. (2004). We contribute to the literature by deriving the Slutsky equations and conducting comparative statics. In particular, we show that wealth effect can exhibit an interesting property depending upon the time until retirement, as the interest rate increases.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1997

Conventional hexavlent chromium electroplating baths deposit the matal at low cathode efficiency and have poor covering and throwing power. The processs also generate hazardous wastes. To overcome many of the disadvantages of hexavalent chromium plating the use of trivalent chromium has advocted. After Yoshida, who first studied trivalent chromium plating, using ammonium sulfate and urea, there are numerous report describing the trivalent chromium electropating process using complexing agents. This study investigaten trivalent chromium plating electrolyte solutious containing formate as a complexing agent and ammouim chloride for conducting agent. The effects of composition and operating conditions on deposits and current efficiencies were investigated in trivalent chromium plating baths by analyzing the relationship pulse conditions and surface morphology The surface morphology of the deposits was observed by SEM. pulse electrolysis has been effective on obtaining a smooth with high current efficiency comparing with D.C. electrolysis in trivalent chromium solution.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This study aims at proposing the methodology for benefit evaluations in pavement maintenance methods and timings using KoPMS(Korean Pavement Management System) software which was developed for efficient pavement management. METHODS : This study classified pavement sections into 4 clusters considering AADT(Annual Average Daily Traffic) and ESAL(Equivalent Single-Axle Load) using cluster analysis and used the deterioration models in each cluster. Increased user costs due to pavement deterioration as time goes by and agent costs for maintenance were estimated. Based on deterioration model and KoPMS software, Methodology for benefit evaluation was proposed in pavement maintenance methods and with/without implementation using real pavement section data. RESULTS : This study verified that considering agent costs only would be constrained to decide pavement maintenance methods and timings, and ascertained that decision making with agent and user costs would be effective. In addition, this study revealed that pavement maintenance methods and timings can be affected by AADT and ESAL and frequent pavement maintenances can be more efficient for benefits in pavement sections with more AADT and ESAL. Also this study found that user costs would be more affected to decision making than agent costs. Moreover, Delay of conducting pavement maintenance caused increased vehicle operating costs and environmental costs because of poor conditions of pavements. CONCLUSIONS : This study proposed LCCA and benefit estimation methodology of pavement with considering agent and user costs. The results of this study can be used for baseline data of efficient pavement asset management.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2018

Biomass waste-derived carbon is an attractive alternative with environmental benignity to obtain carbon material. In this study, we prepare carbon from coffee grounds as a biomass precursor using a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method through physical activation using only steam. The coffee-derived carbon, having a micropore-rich structure and a low extent of graphitization of disordered carbon, is developed and directly applied to lithium-ion battery anode material. Compared with the introduction of the Ketjenblack (KB) conducting agent (i.e., coffee-derived carbon with KB), the coffee-derived carbon itself achieves a reversible capacity of ~200 mAh/g (0.54 lithium per 6 carbons) at a current density of 100 mA/g after 100 cycles, along with excellent cycle stability. The origin of highly reversible lithium storage is attributed to the consistent diffusion-controlled intercalation/de-intercalation reaction in cycle life, which suggests that the bulk diffusion of lithium is favorable in the coffee-derived carbon itself, in the absence of a conducting agent. This study presents the preparation of carbon material through physical activation without the use of chemical activation agents and demonstrates an application of coffee-derived carbon in energy storage devices.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The use of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) is an environmentally friendly method of construction that utilizes the aggregate interlock effect by means of a hydration reaction and roller compacting, demonstrating a superb structural performance with a relatively small unit water content and unit cement content. However, even if an excellent structural performance was secured through a previous study, the verification research on the environmental load and long-term durability was conducted under unsatisfactory conditions. In order to secure longterm durability, the construction of an appropriate internal air-void structure is required. In this study, a method of improving the long-term durability of RCCP will be suggested by analyzing the internal air-void structure and relevant durability of roller-compacted concrete. METHODS : The method of improving the long-term durability involves measurements of the air content, air voids, and air-spacing factor in RCCP that experiences a change in terms of the kind of air-entraining agent and chemical admixture proportions. This test should be conducted on the basis of test criteria such as ASTM C 457, 672, and KS F 2456. RESULTS : Freezing, thawing, and scaling resistance tests of roller compacted concrete without a chemical admixture showed that it was weak. However, as a result of conducting air entraining (AE) with an AE agent, a large amount of air was distributed with a range of 2~3%, and an air void spacing factor ranging from 200 to $300{\mu}m$ (close to $250{\mu}m$) coming from PCA was secured. Accordingly, the freezing and thawing resistance was improved, with a relative dynamic elastic modulus of more than 80%, and the scaling resistance was improved under the appropriate AE agent content rate. CONCLUSIONS : The long-term durability of RCCP has a direct relationship with the air-void spacing factor, and it can be secured only by ensuring the air void spacing factor through air entraining with the inclusion of an AE agent.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

리튬이온 이차전지용 음극 활물질인 탄소가 코팅된 실리콘 일산화물(carbon-coated silicon monoxide, c-SiO_x)은 용량이 높지만, 충방전 중의 부피변화로 인해 사이클 수명이 제한된다. 특히, 활물질의 큰 부피 변화는 전극의 구조를 변형시켜 전자의 전달경로가 쉽게 손상될 수 있다. 전극에서 전자전달 경로를 형성하는 도전재인 카본블랙 중 일부를 선형의 형태를 지니는 탄소나노튜브(carbon nanotube, CNT)로 대체하여 활물질의 부피변화로 인한 전극의 손상을 완화하여 성능을 개선하고자 한다. 전극 내의 전체 도전재의 함량을 10 중량%로 고정하고, 탄소나노튜브의 상대적인 함량을 0, 2, 5, 10, 25 중량%로 카본블랙의 일부를 대체하여 전극을 제조하고 전기화학적 성능을 평가하였다. 전극 내의 탄소나노튜브의 함량이 증가함에 따라 사이클 수명과 속도특성이 모두 향상된다. 부피 변화가 큰 c-SiO_x 음극에 소량의 CNT를 도전재로 적용하는 것으로 전지의 전기화학적 성능을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한 CNT를 잘 분산시키게 되면 더 적은 양을 사용하면서도 동등한 성능을 구현할 수 있다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2018

In soil washing, there are many variables including types of reagent and contaminant, washing time, soil-liquid ratio, washing cycles, washing agent concentrations, and etc. To identify the most influencing factors on soil washing process, regression analysis was performed for eight single variables and five combined variables. A quantitative model that employs W/H (molar ratio of washing agent to heavy metal) as a major variable was established based on the regression. The validity of the model was demonstrated by conducting lab experiments with Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and As-contaminated soils, and various washing reagents including acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitriloacetic acid (NTA). The washing efficiencies were compared with the EDTA washing data reported in the literature. The correlation between W/H and removal efficiency was analyzed after dividing data into two groups according to the heavy metal mobility.