• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

This paper deals with the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R-290 (Propane), R-600a (Iso-butane) and R-1270 (Propylene) as an environment friendly refrigerant and R-22 as a HCFC's refrigerant for condensing. The test section is a horizontal double pipe heat exchanger. Condensing heat transfer and pressure drop measurements were Peformed for 12.70 mm micro-fin tube and compared with the results in smooth tube. The local condensing heat transfer coefficients of hydrocarbon refrigerants were superior to those of R-22 and the maximum increasing rate of heat transfer coefficient was found in R-600a. The average condensing heat transfer coefficients in hydrocarbon refrigerants showed 20 to 28% higher values than those of R-22. Hydrocarbon refrigerants have a higher pressure drop than that of R-22 with respect to refrigerant qualify and mass flux. Also, the condensing heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of working fluids in smooth and micro-fin tube were compared. The heat transfer enhancement factor (EF) between smooth and micro-fin tube varied from 2.2 to 2.6 in all experimental conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.210-217
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• 1999

This paper reports the experimental results on heat transfer characteristics of R-22 and R-407C(HFC-32/125/134a 23/25/52 wt%) condensing inside horizontal smooth and finned tubes. The test condensers used In the study are double pipe heat exchangers of 7.5 mm ID, 9.5 mm OD smooth tube, and 60 finned micro-fin tube with 8.53 mm ID, 9.53 mm OD. Each of these tubes was 4 000 mm long tubes connected with an U-bend. These U type two-path test tubes are divided In 8 local test sections for the identification of the local condensing heat transfer characterisitcs and pressure drop, U-bend effects on condensing flows. Inlet quality is maintained 1.0, and refrigerant mass velocity is varied from 102.0 to $301.0kg/m^2{\cdot}s$. From the results, it was found that the pressure drop of the R-407C Increased, and heat transfer coefficient decreased compared to those of R-22. In comparison condensing heat transfer characteristics of micro-fm tube with those of smooth tube, increasing of condensing heat transfer coefficient was found outstanding compared to the increasing ratio of pressure drop. Furthermore, pressure drop In U-bend showed at most a 30 % compared to the total pressure drop in the test section.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1141-1148
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• 2001

Experiments on the condensation heat transfer and pressure drop in the brazed type plate heat exchangers are performed with refrigerants R410A/R22. To investigate the geometric effect, plate heat exchangers with the same pitch and height but different $45^{\circ},\;35^{\circ}and\;20^{\circ}$ chevron angles are used. Varying the mass flux of refrigerant (13~34 kg/$m^2$), the condensing temperatures ($20^{\circ}C\;and\;30^{\circ}C$) and the vapor quality (from 0.9 to 0.15) at the same constant heat flux ($5kW/m^2$), the condensation heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops are measured. The heat transfer coefficients decrease slightly with increasing the condensing temperature at a given mass flux in all plate heat exchangers. The pressure drop increases with increasing the mass flux and the quality and decreasing the condensing temperature and the chevron angle.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1328-1338
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to present flow and pressure drop characteristics of R22 in adiabatic capillary tubes of inner diameters of 1.2 to 2.0mm, and tube lengths of 500 to 2000mm. Distributions of temperature and pressure along capillary tubes and the refrigerant flow rates through the tubes were measured for several condensing temperatures and various degrees of subcooling at the capillary tube inlet. Condensing temperatures of R22 were selected as 40, 45, and 50$^{\circ}C$ at the capillary tube inlet, and the degree of subcooling was adjusted to 1 to 18$^{\circ}C$. Experimental results including mass flow rates and pressure drops of R22 in capillary tubes were provided. A new correlation based on Buckingham II theorem to predict the mass flow rate through the capillary tube was presented considering major parameters which affect the flow and pressure drop characteristcis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1143-1148
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• 2005

Experimental results for heat transfer characteristic and pressure gradient of HCs refrigerants R-290, R-600a, R-1270 and HCFC refrigerant R-22 during condensing inside horizontal double pipe heat exchangers are presented. The test sections which have one tube diameter of 12.70 mm with 0.86 mm wall thickness, another tube diameter of 9.52 mm with 0.76 mm wall thickness are used for this investigation. The local condensing heat transfer coefficients of hydrocarbon refrigerants were higher than those of R-22. The average condensing heat transfer coefficient increased with the increase of the mass flux. It showed the higher values in hydrocarbon refrigerants than R-22. Hydrocarbon refrigerants have higher pressure drop than those of R-22 in 12.7 mm and 9.52 mm. This results from the investigation can be used in the design of heat transfer exchangers using hydrocarbons as the refrigerant for the air-conditioning systems.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2006

Experimental results for pressure gradient of HCs refrigerants R-290. R-600a. R-1270 and HCFC refrigerant R-22 during condensing inside horizontal double pipe heat exchangers are presented. The test sections which have the tube inner diameter of 10.98mm. and the tube inner diameter of 8mm are used for this investigation. Hydrocarbon refrigerants have higher pressure drop than R-22 in both test sections with the diameters of 12.70mm and 9.52mm. Pressure drop increased with the increase of the mass flux. These results form the investigation can be used in the design of heat transfer exchanger using hydrocarbons as the refrigerant for the air-conditioning systems

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.977-983
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• 2006

Experimental results for heat transfer characteristic and pressure gradient of hydrocarbon refrigerants (R-290, R-600a, R-1270) and HCFC refrigerant (R-22) during condensation inside horizontal double pipe heat exchangers are presented. The test sections which have one tube diameter of 12.70 mm with 0.89 mm, 9.52 mm with 0.76 mm, 6.35 mm with 0.13 mm wall thickness are used for this investigation, respectively. The local condensing heat transfer coefficients of hydrocarbon refrigerants were higher than those of R-22. The average condensing heat transfer coefficient increased with the increase of the mass flux. It showed the higher values in hydrocarbon refrigerants than R-22. Hydrocarbon refrigerants have higher pressure drop than R-22 in 10.92 mm, 8 mm and 6.1 mm inner diameters. These results from the investigation can be used in the design of heat transfer exchangers using hydrocarbons as the refrigerant for the air-conditioning systems.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1993

An experiment has been carried out to identify flow patterns in a horizontal condensing flow with R-113. Characteristics of flow patterns were determined based upon a statistical analysis of differential pressure fluctuations at an orifice. The probability density function and power spectral density function of instantaneous pressure drop curves for various flow conditions were obtained. In comparison to the results of air-water flows, the flow patterns in a condensing flow such as annular, wavy, slug and plug could be identified. The experimental data determined by this technique were compared with the flow pattern maps suggested by other investigators. The result indicates that the statistical characteristics of differential pressure fluctuations at an orifice may be a useful tool for identifying flow patterns both in condensing flows and in adiabatic two-phase flows.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1220-1227
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• 2001

The condensation pressure drop fur refrigerant R-22 flowing in the plate and shell heat exchanger were investigated experimentally in this study. Two vertical counterflow channels were formed in the exchanger by three plates of commercial geometry with a corrugated trapezoid shape of a chevron angel of $45^{\circ}$. The condensing R-22 flowing down in one channel exchanges heat with the cold water flowing up in the other channel. The effects of the mean vapor quality, mass flux, average imposed heat flux and system pressure of R-22 on the pressure drop were explored in detail. The quality change of R-22 between the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant channel ranges from 0.03 to 0.05. The present data showed that pressure drop increases with the vapor quality. At a higher mass flux, pressure drop is higher for the entire range of the vapor quality. Also, a rise in the average imposed heat flux causes an slight increase in the Pressure drop. Finally, at a higher system pressure the pressure drop is found to be slightly lower. Correlation is also provided for the measured pressure drops in terms of the friction factor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.589-601
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• 1997

A computer simulation program of a high efficiency condensing heat exchanger is developed. The flue gas flows outside bare tube bundles both in strong cross flow and in weak counter flow and the cooling water inside the tubes. Condensing heat exchangers achieve high efficiency by reducing flue-gas temperatures to a level at which most of the water vapor in the flue gas is condensed and the latent heat associated with phase change of the water is recovered. The computer model has been verified by comparison with measured data. To verify the model, heat transfer coefficient was adjusted, along with the mass transfer diffusion coefficient and pressure drop coefficient, to achieve agreement between predicted and measured data. The efficiencies of heat exchanger increase 2.3 ~ 8.1% by condensations of 6.3 ~ 62.6% of the water vapor in the flue gas.