• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.514-515
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• 1998

• 약학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.74-76
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• 1974

Oh heating isatin with aromatic monocarboxylic acids having .alpha.-hydrogen atoms such as p-nitrophenylacetic acid, p-methoxyphenyl acetic acid and .alpha.-naphthylacetic acid in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate functioning as a catalyst, p-nitrobenzylidene-3-oxindole, p-methoxybenzylidene-3-oxindole and ${\alpha}$-naphthobenzylidene-3-oxindole are obtained, respectively. The results of these experiments show that isatin may be used as the carbonyl component in the condensation reaction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.314-316
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• 1986

Methods for the preparation of p-nitrocalix[4]-arene via the direct substitution reaction of the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene which is readily available with high yield from the base-induced direct condensation reaction procedure are described.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.509-514
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• 1999

Titanium(IV) isoproxide에 유기첨가제로 아세트산을 첨가하여 단일성분계인 치환된 titanium(IV) isoproxide를 합성한다. 합성된 titanium 착화합물은 세가지 형태로 된 5배위 및 6배위의 구조로 존재함을 FT-IR, $^1H$ 및 $^{13}C$ NMR 그리고 UV-Vis 스펙트라로 확인하였다. 이 착물에 대한 가수분해 반응을 $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy를 이용해 관찰하였고 FT-IR spectroscopy로 가수분해 및 건조시킨 후의 구조 변화를 관찰하여 보았으며 리간드의 존재 유무도 살펴보았다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2021

Objective: Bacteriospermia and urogenital infections are common problems in male infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bacteriospermia on sperm parameters and clinical outcomes in semen samples infected with two common bacteria (Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli) in northern Iran. Methods: Microbiological tests were performed to isolate and identify organisms from 435 semen samples from infertile couples. Semen samples were assessed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The protamine status, chromatin structure, chromatin condensation, and acrosome reaction of sperm and assisted reproductive outcomes were determined in couples with different male infertility factors. Results: Among the total cases, the two most prevalent pathogens were considered: S. saprophyticus (38.2%) and E. coli (52.9%). In the semen samples infected with E. coli, the spontaneous acrosome reaction and abnormal chromatin condensation were more common (p<0.05). Significant increases in abnormal chromatin condensation and deprotamination were seen in the presence of S. saprophyticus. In washed semen, tight adhesion between the sperm midpiece and S. saprophyticus was observed. There was also a significant decrease in the fertilization rate using semen samples infected with S. saprophyticus and E. coli during in vitro fertilization cycles (p<0.001). In addition, the presence of S. saprophyticus and E. coli in semen samples was associated with a lower likelihood of clinical pregnancy in couples with various factors of male infertility. Conclusion: Poor results of assisted reproductive techniques may be correlated with semen samples infected with two common bacteria in northern Iran.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1521-1524
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• 2013

N-Propylsulfamic acid supported onto magnetic $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles (MNPs-PSA) was used as an efficient and magnetically recoverable catalyst for synthesis of 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione derivatives from the three-component, one-pot condensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, aromatic aldehydes and cyclic 1,3-diones, in good to excellent yields at $100^{\circ}C$ under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst was easily separated with the assistance of an external magnetic field from the reaction mixture and reused for several consecutive runs without significant loss of its catalytic efficiency. In order to compare, the synthesis of 2H-Indazolo[ 2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione derivatives in the presence of catalytic amount of sulfamic acid (SA) under same reaction condition was also reported.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-31
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• 1993

Benzoin condensation reactions of furfurals and thiophenecarboxaldehydes in the presence of substituted benzyl and alkyl thiazolium salts were examined in order to improve the yield of the reaction and to examine the effect of the electronic nature of the catalysts. Thiophene derivatives gave thenils as the major products in low yields while furan derivatives gave only furoins in moderate to high yields.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.314-318
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• 1991

A convenient method for the synthesis of indoprofen, which is a potent antiinflammatory agent, w described. Ethyl $\alpha$-(4-aminophenyl)propionate was prepared by nitration of ethyl $\alpha$-phenylpropionate, followed by reduction. Ethyl $\alpha$-[4-(1, 3-dioxo-2-iso-indolinyl)phenyl]propionate was obtained from condensation reaction of phthatic anhydride and ethyl $\alpha$-(4-aminophenyl)propionate. Indoprofen was prepared by reduction of ethyl $\alpha$-[3-(1, 3-dioxo-2-iso-indolinyl)phenyl]propionate with zinc dust-acetic acid, followed by hydrolysis of the resultant ethyl $\alpha$-[4-(1-oxo-2-iso-indolinyl)pheriyl]propionate.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.543-544
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• 2006

3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone is a valuable reaction intermediate for various high value added products. 3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone is not only expensive but also difficult to produce. 3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone can be synthesized by base catalyzed intermolecular aldol condensation. In this work, we studied a simple and practical method for synthesizing 3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone. Experimental results showed the advantages of the continuous flow process using a microreactor with kenic mixers for the synthesis of 3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1993

ORMOSIL was synthesized with inorganic precursor, TEOS and organic precursor, PDMS, and the variation of composite properties according to the concentration of HCl, solvent content and reaction time were studied. As the concentration of HCl increased, condensation reaction was well proceeded and more regularly distributed network was observed. Increase in reactivity was found with the amount of solvent, and composite had a tendency of forming more porous microstructure as reaction time was increased, which had no influence on the bonding degree.