• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

This study is intended to derive the adaptive reuse techniques through the history and aspects of new construction, extension, repair, and other works, limited to the deep and narrow lots facing Seongan-gil and Nammun-gil in Nammun-ro 2 ga of Cheongju, the historic urban area. The results are as follows. 1) In the case of newly built reinforced concrete buildings, the central part of the top floor of the residence or all floors are opened to the open space(void) to facilitate lighting and ventilation. This is developed as a convection phenomenon due to the temperature difference from the slits between buildings, which affects the entire air flow of the block. 2) The buildings of extension and repair are composed of two-story masonry or steel frame, both the front store facing the road and the house on the back, but it looks like one because it is in contact with each other. If only a small gap between the front and rear buildings is restored to an external space or a space equipped with sun light, a small breath can be provided in lighting and ventilation. 3) The existing two-story wooden stores and houses have lost their external space due to repairs. With minimal intervention to restore the small courtyard, slits, and space under the eaves, it will not only improve lighting and ventilation, but also create a unique appearance as a segment of the elongated store.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.271-279
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• 2012

Among the community-based cultural facilities, public libraries are places for social and educational purpose that improve the education of the resident, the expansion of the basic cultural education, communication between the members of society, and the accumulations and preservations of the culture. Public libraries should be a local cultural facility that expresses the value of a community. This study aims to analyze the design expression of publicness in a public branch library as a community-based cultural space through the study of branch library in the U.S. This study focused on the most future-oriented and innovative Ten New Landmark Libraries in the United States selected by Library Journal magazine in 2011. Among the selected libraries, three branch libraries which belongs Arizona Maricopa County were included in the study. The results of this study are as follows. First, the sites of the branch libraries vary geographically, but the libraries increase accessibility are caused by unique appearances and design concept of intellectual interest. Second, the floor plan shows the separation of meeting rooms and faculty space from the public space and has visual and spatial open space by high ceiling of the reading room. Third, multi-functional public space for residents are meeting rooms, the external patios for reading, galleries, cafes, libraries-shops which provides a variety of cultural programs, activities, and the opportunity to socialize neighbors. Fourth, branch Libraries have unique designs that harmonizes with nearby places to reflect locality, giving the locals a sense of pride in their community. Fifth, concrete brick and metal panel were used as finishing material for the practicality of maintenance. In particular, transparent glass envelope allows the locals to stay for long time due to openness and brightness of space.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2020

In this study, we propose a new truss deckplate system, which does not require temporary floor supports during construction, with ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) infilled top bars. The increased stiffness and strength of the proposed system were well retained as compared to those of the existing truss deckplate systems, thereby resulting in the reduction of maximum deflection at the span center. Four-point bending tests were performed on five specimens with a net span of 4.6 m to evaluate the structural performance of proposed system in the construction stage. In addition, the load-deflection curve was plotted for each specimen, and the effects of test parameters were analyzed. Further, a rigorous nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed, and its results were compared with the test results. From the results, it was observed that the test specimens of the proposed system exhibited superior performance as compared to those of the existing one and also satisfied the serviceability requirement during construction provided by the Korea Building Code 2016.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.29-47
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to identify the everyday life culture, housing satisfaction and housing importance of older Korean-Chinese living in Harbin, China. Social survey research using the questionnaire was conducted from August to October in 2011. A total of 94 usable samples were analyzed by the SPSS version the 18.0 statistical program using frequency, percentage, cross-tabulation, factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation. The major findings were as follows. Firstly, older Chinese in Harbin were assimilated into Chinese culture such as national holidays and respectful people, but acculturated in terms of their daily food, and their preference to live in a Korean-Chinese village. Secondly, they had mainly lived in multi-story houses, the so called Chinese-style apartments. The average size of their living space was $80.33m^2$ and they were usually unsatisfied with their neighbors and floor treatment lacking Ondol(溫突). Thirdly, 5 factors affecting on housing value orientation were 'physical characteristics','emotional characteristics', 'economic characteristics', 'social characteristics', 'neighbor characteristics/reputation of the house' and they explained 73.9%. 2 factors affecting on housing satisfaction were 'inner complex/inner space' and 'neighborhood environment' and they explained 69.4%. In conclusion, some policy is needed for Korean Chinese living in Harbin for their well-being when it comes to their housing needs and conditions. Given the nature of big city, Harbin and its attraction, younger Korean-Chinese tend to be rapidly assimilated into Chinese culture. However older people in Harbin think that it is important for their children to learn both countries' languages and cultures in order to be successful, so some concrete policies and supports are needed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.425-431
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• 2021

Background: This study evaluated the radon contribution rate through an evaluation of the exhalation rate of radon from building materials. Objectives: This study compared and evaluated the computation of the radon contribution rate based on each different exhalation rate in a building. Methods: The six demonstration houses that are the subject of this study are wall structures or Rahmen structures, and include demonstration houses similar to general residential environments and non-finishing houses with some walls exposed. Results: The highest exhalation rate was found at 62.98 Bq/m² per day from the non-finishing floor, and the second highest exhalation rate was from stone materials at 58.76 Bq/m² per day. Based on this result, investigating the contribution rate of building materials derived from building materials among indoor radon concentrations, house three was the highest at 81.7%, and house one was confirmed to be 33.96%. Conclusions: It can be judged that the effect of exposed concrete and stone is high, and that it is possible to reduce radon emitted from indoor building structures by controlling the indoor materials.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1559-1568
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• 2021

Objective: Bedding materials directly contact hooves of dairy cows and they may serve as environmental sources of lameness-associated pathogen. However, the specific composition of bacteria hidden in bedding materials is still not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect bedding material and its bacterial composition has on lameness of Holstein heifers. Methods: Forty-eight Holstein heifers with similar body weights were randomly assigned into three groups including sand bedding (SB), concrete floor (CF), and compost bedding (CB). Hock injuries severity and gait performance of dairy cows were scored individually once a week. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment and bedding material samples were collected once a week for Illumina sequencing. Results: The CF increased visible hock injuries severity and serum biomarkers of joint damage in comparison to SB and CB groups. Besides, Illumina sequencing and analysis showed that the bacterial community of CB samples had higher similarity to that of SB samples than CF samples. Bacteria in three bedding materials were dominated by gastrointestinal bacteria and organic matter-degrading bacteria, such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and norank JG30-KF-cM45. Lameness-associated Spirochaetaceae and Treponeme were only detected in SB and CB samples with a very low relative abundance (0% to 0.08%). Conclusion: The bacterial communities differed among bedding materials. However, the treponemes pathogens involved in the pathogenesis of lameness may not be a part of microbiota in bedding materials of dairy cows.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.259-274
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• 2023

In this paper, mechanical properties of periodic foundation made of concrete and rubber are investigated by a parametric study using the finite element method (FEM). Periodic foundation is a special type of seismic isolation foundation used in civil engineering, which is inspired by the meso-scale structure of phononic crystals in solid-state physics. This type of foundation is capable of reducing the seismic wave propagating though the foundation, therefore providing additional protection for the structures. In the FEM analysis, layered periodic foundation is frequently modelled due to its simplicity in numerical modeling. However, the isolation effect of periodic foundation on nuclear power plant has not been fully discussed to the best knowledge of authors. In this work, we construct four numerical models of nuclear power plant with different foundations to investigate the seismic isolation effects of periodic foundations. The results show that the layered periodic foundation can increase the natural period of the nuclear power plant like traditional base isolation systems, which is beneficial to the structures. In addition, the seismic response of the nuclear power plant can also be effectively reduced in both vertical and horizontal directions when the frequencies of the incident waves fall into some specific frequency bandgaps of the periodic foundation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the layered periodic foundation can reduce the amplitude of the floor response spectrum, which plays an important role in the protection of the equipment.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2023

Seismic performance analysis is one of the fundamental steps in the design of new or retrofitting buildings. In the seismic performance analysis, the adapted spectral acceleration curve for a given site mainly governs the seismic behavior of buildings. Since every soil site (class) has a different impact on the spectral accelerations of input motions, different spectral acceleration curves have to be involved for every soil class that the building is located on top of. Modern seismic design codes (e.g., Eurocode 8, EC8, or Turkish Building Earthquake Code, TBEC) provide design response spectra for all the soil classes to be used in the building design or retrofitting. This research aims to evaluate the EC8 and TBEC based design response spectra using the spectra of real earthquake input motions that occurred (and were recorded at only soil classes A, B and C, no recording is available at soil class D) in a specific area in Turkey. It also conducts response spectrum analyses of 5, 10 and 13 floor reinforced concrete building models under EC8, TBEC and actual spectral response curves. The results indicate that the EC8 and especially TBEC given design response spectra cannot be able to represent the mean actual spectral acceleration curves at soil classes A, B and C. This is particularly observed at periods higher than 0.3 s, 0.42 s and 0.55 s for the TBEC design response spectra, 0.54 s, 0.65 s and 0.84 s for the EC8 design response spectra at soil classes A, B and C, respectively. This is also reflected to the shear forces of three building models, as actual spectral acceleration curves lead to the highest shear forces, followed by the shear forces obtained from EC8 and, then, the TBEC design response spectra.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.162-171
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• 2023

In this study, The details for a seismic adapter designed to easily connect concrete structures and reinforcement materials for the in-plane reinforcement of aged structures were proposed. Proposed seismic adapter was tested for performance using a dynamic simulation on a 2-story column-beam structure, scaled to half of the real size. The experimental results showed that the reinforced test specimens using the seismic adapter improved their energy dissipation capacity by 3.5 times compared to the non-reinforced specimens. It was confirmed that the seismic adapter experienced no damage within its general usage range, thus proving its effectiveness. Subsequently, upon loading until the limit of deformation (a deformation angle of 3.3%), it was observed that one of the M10 bolts connecting the adapter and the reinforcement at the lower part of the first floor broke. Considering this finding, when applying seismic retrofitting in real situations, emphasis should be placed on the design of the bolts and anchors connecting the seismic adapter. This aspect warrants further research for validation.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2015

Recently, the most of domestic high-rise residential complex buildings are constructed with reinforced concrete structures, which may bring structural problems during construction. This study is aimed to analyze structural safety and lateral load-resisting performance of RC high-rise residential complex building under construction. The tower-typed building with 60 floors is selected as a sample model, and numerical analyses are performed. The structural performances of building structures at construction stages, which are resulted form the analyses of numerical models completed up to 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th, or 60th floor, are compared to those of the completed building structure. For the comparisons of structural performances, modal shapes and fundamental periods of building structures, lateral load-resisting performances, and structural design performances of structural members are considered. The lateral displacement and story drift ratio are analyzed for lateral load-resisting performances, and comparisons of design ratios at construction and design stages are performed for structural design performances of structural members. The guideline of design loads and structural analysis schemes for checking the safety of RC high-rise building under construction is presented.