• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.110-121
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to develop multimedia courseware which can make studying picture map interesting in a more concrete and three-dimensional situation by using multimedia materials such as graphics, animation, and moving images, which breaks from the past teaching methods for picture map. The multimedia courseware used in this research can help learners understand the concept on picture map in a much easier way, and study wherever and whenever they want to. In addition, students can pass through the levels up according to their levels through the process of students' constructing the knowledge by themselves and individualized materials which can enhance their desire to learn and make the individualized learning possible.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.355-371
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• 2008

Concept mapping was used to investigate kindergarten teachers' knowledge about early childhood literature instructional content. Participants were 87 teachers recruited by the Provincial Authority for Supervision of Education in Jeonam Province. Data were analyzed by Yun's (1998) method based on Novack & Gowin (1984), Morine-Dershimer (1993), and Markham et al. (1994). Findings were that (1) the majority of the participants perceived superordinate concepts of early childhood instructional content in literature to be typesof literature, reading, writing, speaking, expression, and listening. Subordinate concepts were stated by 456 different words. (2) Types of literature and writing were highest in frequency of superordinate concepts and were also high among subordinate concepts and hierarchy. (3) Teachers' concepts varied by teaching careers in writing and reading.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1770-1781
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• 1989

Two robots working in a common workspace may collide with each other. In this paper, a collision-free motion planning algorithm using view time concept is proposed to detect and avoid collision before robot motion. Collision may occur not only at the robot end effector but also at robot links. To detect and avoid potential collisions, the trajectory of the first robot is sampled periodically at every view time and the region in Cartesian space swept by the first robot is viewed as an obstacle during a single sampling period. The forbidden region in the joint constraint map (JCM). The JCM's are obtained in this way at every view time. An algorithm is established for collision-free motion planning of the two robot system from the sequence of JCM's and it is verified by simulations.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.71-88
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• 2003

Concept mapping was used to analyze the knowledge of kindergarten teachers about early childhood music instructional content. Data obtained from the 85 subjects was analyzed by Yun's method(1998) based on Novak & Gowin(1984), Morine-Dershimer(1993), and Markhan, Mintzes & Jones(1994). The majority of the teachers perceived the superordinate concepts of early childhood music instructional content to be listening to music, singing, movement, and playing musical instruments. They perceived early childhood music instructional content to be activity rather then knowledge. Listening to music was high in frequency among superordinate concepts and musical attitudes were high among subordinate concepts. Teachers used 285 words in expressing their cognitive maps. There was no effect on cognitive maps by teaching career or level of education.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1589-1600
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• 2019

In this paper, we apply the notion of cocyclic maps to the category of pairs proposed by Hilton and obtain more general concepts. We discuss the concept of cocyclic morphisms with respect to a morphism and find that it is a dual concept of cyclic morphisms with respect to a morphism and a generalization of the notion of cocyclic morphisms with respect to a map. Moreover, we investigate its basic properties including the preservation of cocyclic properties by morphisms and find conditions for which the set of all homotopy classes of cocyclic morphisms with respect to a morphism will have a group structure.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.839-843
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• 2011

We have established a wind map of Singapore, a city-state characterized its land cover by urban buildings to confirm a possibility of wind farm development. As a simple but useful approximation of urban canopy, a zero-plane displacement concept was employed. The territory is divided into 15 sectors having similar urban building layouts, and zero-plane displacement, equivalent roughness height at each sector was calculated to setup a terrain boundary condition. Annual mean wind speed and mean wind power density map were drawn by a CFD micrositing model, WindSim where Changi International Airport wind data was used as an in-situ measurement. Unfortunately, predicted wind power density does not exceed 80 $W/m^2$ at 50 m above ground level which would not sufficient for wind power generation. However, the established Singapore wind map is expected to be applied for wind environment assessment and urban planning purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.881-895
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• 2014

In a recent paper [10] we introduced the notion of Levi harmonic map f from an almost contact semi-Riemannian manifold (M, ${\varphi}$, ${\xi}$, ${\eta}$, g) into a semi-Riemannian manifold $M^{\prime}$. In particular, we compute the tension field ${\tau}_H(f)$ for a CR map f between two almost contact semi-Riemannian manifolds satisfying the so-called ${\varphi}$-condition, where $H=Ker({\eta})$ is the Levi distribution. In the present paper we show that the condition (A) of Rawnsley [17] is related to the ${\varphi}$-condition. Then, we compute the tension field ${\tau}_H(f)$ for a CR map between two arbitrary almost contact semi-Riemannian manifolds, and we study the concept of Levi pluriharmonicity. Moreover, we study the harmonicity on quasicosymplectic manifolds.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The fuzzy c-means (FCM) is a frequently utilized algorithm at present. Yet, the clustering quality and convergence rate of FCM are determined by the initial cluster centers, and so an improved FCM algorithm based on canopy cluster concept to quickly analyze the dataset has been proposed. Taking advantage of the canopy algorithm for its rapid acquisition of cluster centers, this algorithm regards the cluster results of canopy as the input. In this way, the convergence rate of the FCM algorithm is accelerated. Meanwhile, the MapReduce scheme of the proposed FCM algorithm is designed in a cloud environment. Experimental results demonstrate the hybrid canopy-FCM clustering algorithm processed by MapReduce be endowed with better clustering quality and higher operation speed.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2006

A new method in robot path generation is presented using an analysis of the characteristics of multi-robot collision avoidance. The research is based on the concept of the collision map, where the collision between two robots is presented by a collision region and a crossing curve TLVSTC (traveled length versus servo time curve). Analytic collision avoidance is considered by translating the collision region in the collision map. The 4 different translations of collision regions correspond to the 4 parallel movements of the actual original robot path in the real world. This analysis is applied to path modifications where the analysis of collision characteristics is crucial and the resultant path for collision avoidance is generated. Also, the correlations between the translations of the collision region and robot paths are clarified by analyzing the collision/non-collision areas. The influence of the changes of robot velocity is investigated analytically in view of collision avoidance as an example.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2008

We introduce a new concept of convex spaces and a multimap class K having certain KKM property. From a basic KKM type theorem for a K-map defined on an convex space without any topology, we deduce ten equivalent formulations of the theorem. As applications of the equivalents, in the frame of convex topological spaces, we obtain Fan-Browder type fixed point theorems, almost fixed point theorems for multimaps, mutual relations between the map classes K and B, variational inequalities, the von Neumann type minimax theorems, and the Nash equilibrium theorems.