• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.381-394
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• 2012

We generalize the insertion-of-factors-property by setting nilpotent products of elements. In the process we introduce the concept of a nil-IFP ring that is also a generalization of an NI ring. It is shown that if K$\ddot{o}$the's conjecture holds, then every nil-IFP ring is NI. The class of minimal noncommutative nil-IFP rings is completely determined, up to isomorphism, where the minimal means having smallest cardinality.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.346-353
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• 2008

This paper defines the concept of “protectability” for the performance evaluation of distance relay considering its sensitivity and selectivity. The paper starts from the probabilistic modeling of the errors, and based on this model, a detailed explanation of protectability calculation for each zone of the distance relay is presented. An effect of the Weighting Rate and the Measurement Deviation on the protectability evaluation is also given. By considering this effect, the optimization of relay setting can be realized. The proposed method is applied to a typical model system to show its effectiveness

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 1999

The Government has recently planned to improve the medical insurance drug price systems by removing the drug margin occurring from the difference between the official and purchasing prices, and instead by setting prices through adding drug administration casts calculated to the purchasing costs. In the circumstances, the major policy and implementing issues are how to define the drug administrance cost and how to calculate them. This study attempts to provide for the conceptional and operational definitions and thereby develop a costing model for the cost. The relationship between the current systems of medical services costs and prices were reviewed to define the concept of the costs. The study defined the costs from the narrow and wide prospective of meaning, and three operational definitions were provided. The costing model was developed applying the departmental costing principles. Finally, several prerequisites that have to be considered for the implementation of the definition and the model from the practical viewpoint.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-103
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• 2014

A study that demonstrates how to investigate the molded part quality and the consistency of injection process based on the rheological concept is proposed. It is important for plastic material whose melt viscosity is variable with respect to the processing condition. The formulations to couple the melt viscosity with injection pressure and fill time are derived first. Taking calculations of the measured pressure and the time by using these formulations, the melt viscosity in injection process can be determined on machine. As the relation between the injection speed and the melt viscosity is constructed, the influences of the setting parameter of injection machine on the molded part quality can be investigated through evaluating the state of the melt viscosity. In addition, a pressure sensor bushing (PSB) designed with a quick installation feature is also provided and validated. The results show that a higher injection speed improves the tensile strength of the molded part but also the consistency of the molded part quality. This work provides an alternative to evaluate the molding quality scientifically.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 1998

One of the urgently-needed retail strategies is to lower the labor expenses of the store. For this purpose, more stores are developing new, fancy techniques to make consumers work for the stores without paying them. Examples include self-service system, consumer suggestion system and others. These are called customer voluntary performance. Intiated by Bettencourt(1997), customer voluntary performance(CVT) becomes an important concept in modern retailing. This paper applies three dimensions of CVP (loyalty, cooperation, participation) to the setting of Consumer Complaint Intentions(CCI). Similar to CVP, CCI has three dimensions in itself (voice, private, third party). The major focus of this empirical research is on finding the possible relationships between three dimensions of CVP and three dimensions of CCI. The results show that participation is positively related to the levels of consumer complaint intentions, whereas loyalty is negatively related to the levels of them. This implies that the weak tactic of CVP(loyalty) may reduce the levels of complaint, but strong one(participation) may not be so. More conceptual and empirrical studies are urgently needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.31-42
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the most approriate international marketing strategy of Korean shipping firms for Uruguy Round expected to be agreed among GATT members in 1993. In literature sur-vey, the service marketing philosophy was reviewed to clarify the functions and roles of marketing concept in setting up the international marketing strategies for shipping firms. The marketing concepts are characterized as follows ; 1) production-oriented stage, 2) sales-oriented stage, 3) marketing-oriented stage in the order of historical development. An comparative analysis was car-ried out to examine the differences in marketing strategies among Korean shipping firms and U.K. ship-ping firms.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.60-63
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• 2006

Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) is under development to provide a monitoring of oceancolor around the Korean Peninsula from geostationary platforms. It is planned to be loaded on Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) of Korea. In this paper radiometric calibration concept of the GOCI is introduced. The GOCI radiometric response is modeled as a nonlinear system in order to reflect a nonlinear characteristic of detector. In this paper estimation approaches for radiometric parameters of GOCI model are discussed. For the GOCI, the offset signal depends on each spectral channel because dark current offset signal is a function of integration time which is different from channel to channel. The offset parameter can be estimated by using offset signal measurements for two integration time setting is described.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.288-292
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• 2014

A critical assumption of the standard sample size calculation is that the response (outcome) for an individual patient is completely independent to that for any other patient. However, this assumption no longer holds when there is a lack of statistical independence across subjects seen in cluster randomized designs. In this setting, patients within a cluster are more likely to respond in a similar manner; patient outcomes may correlate strongly within clusters. Thus, direct use of standard sample size formulae for cluster design, ignoring the clustering effect, may result in sample size that are too small, resulting in a study that is under-powered for detecting the desired level of difference between groups. This paper revisit worked examples for sample size calculation provided in a previous paper using nomogram to easy to access. Then we present the concept of cluster design illustrated with worked examples, and introduce design effect that is a factor to inflate the standard sample size estimates.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose an architectural design process adopting design concepts with weight on them. The process of the study is as follow; First, design concepts for the study are classified by the hierarchy. Developing process of those design concepts which had been adopted for a creative thinking was investigated. Second, after putting different weight on diverse design concepts, this study propose a design process adopting design concepts with different weight. Finally, the proposed process adopting design concepts with weight was verified through a case study of elementary school project. The case study was carried out by questionnaires 3 times. Experimental results verified the hypothesis which was about the process adopting design concepts with different weight. Architects can precede their design process with confidence about setting design concepts by the result of this study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.41-44
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• 2006

Recently, single shell lining method of construction is studied by economical method of construction to make use of high-performance shotcrete of permanent shotcrete lining concept in the UStA, Europe, Japan etc. High-performance shotcrete use is essential as permanent support that single shell lining method of construction has two functions of lining and support to shotcrete. In this research, optimum accelerator amount was decided after setting time test using alkai-free and cement mineral accelerator. Also replacement ratio of silica fume and fly-ash was determined.