• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2018

This paper presents results of a compressive investigation conducted on weathered soil stabilized with ground bottom ash (GBA) and red mud (RM). The effects of water/binder ratio, RM/GBA ratio, chemical activator (NaOH and $Na_2SiO_3$) and curing time on unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soils were examined. The results show that the water/binder ratio of 1.2 is optimum ratio at which the stabilized soils have the maximum compressive strength. For 28 days of curing, the compressive strength of soils stabilized with alkali-activated GBA and RM varies between 1.5 MPa and 4.1 MPa. The addition of GBA, RM and chemical activators enhanced strength development and the rate of strength improvement was more significant at the later age than at the early age. The potential environmental impacts of stabilized soils were also assessed. The chemical property changes of leachate from stabilized soils were analyzed in terms of pH and concentrations of hazardous elements. The observation revealed that the soil mixture with ground bottom ash and red mud proved environmentally safe.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.502-508
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• 2011

The goal of the present work was to investigate the development of a geopolymeric ceramic material from a mixture of mine residue, coal fly ash, blast furnace slag, and alkali activator solution by the geopolymer technique. The results showed that the higher compressive strength of geopolymeric ceramic material increased with an increase in active filler (blast furnace slag + coal fly ash) contents and with a reduction of mine residue contents. The geopolymeric ceramic had very high early age strength. The compressive strength of the geopolymeric ceramic depended on the added active filler content. The maximum compressive strength of the geopolymeric ceramic containing 20 wt.% mine residue was 141.2 MPa. The compressive strength of geopolymeric ceramic manufactured by adding mine residue was higher than that of portland cement mortar, which is 60 MPa, when cured for 28 days. SEM observation showed the possibility of having amorphous aluminosilicate gel within geopolymeric ceramic. XRD patterns indicate that the geopolymeric ceramic was composed of amorphous aluminosilicate, calcite, quartz, and muscovite. The Korea Standard Leaching Test (KSLT) was used to determine the leaching potential of the geopolymeric ceramic. The amounts of heavy metals were noticeably reduced after the solidification of mine residue with active filler.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 산업부산물을 다량으로 사용하는 콘크리트의 건설현장의 구조체 적용을 위한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 혼화재를 다량 사용한 콘크리트의 압축강도 발현 특성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 일반강도 영역을 대상으로 하여 단위결합재량($310{\sim}410kg/m^3$), 혼화재 치환율(70~90%), 단위수량($140{\sim}150kg/m^3$) 및 양생온도에 따른 압축강도 발현 특성을 검토하였으며, 실제 부재에서의 특성을 검토하기 위해 $2,000{\times}2,000{\times}2,000mm$ 크기의 모의부재를 제작한 후, 수화발열 특성 및 압축강도 발현 특성을 검토하였다. 검토 결과를 토대로, 본 연구에서 검토한 산업부산물을 다량 사용한 콘크리트의 경우 대기온도 평균 약 $13^{\circ}C$ 이상의 양생온도 조건에서는 재령 28일에서 24MPa 이상의 강도를 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타나, 건설현장에서 골조용 콘크리트로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 하이브리드 가스 발생기용 파라핀/알루미늄 왁스 연료의 기계적 특성 파악을 위한 인장 및 압축강도 실험을 수행하였다. 혼합된 알루미늄 입자의 크기와 첨가량에 따른 기계적 특성을 파악하기 위해 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%의 나노 입자 첨가 시편과 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%의 마이크로 입자 첨가 시편을 사용하였다. 평균입도 100 nm 및 $8{\mu}m$ 크기의 알루미늄 입자와 Sasol사의 미정질 파라핀 왁스(Sasol 0907)를 이용하였고, 인장시험과 압축 시험에 사용된 시편은 각각 ASTM-D638, ASTM D575-91 규격에 따라 제작하였다. 나노 입자의 첨가는 시편의 인장 및 압축강도를 크게 향상시키나 마이크로 입자의 첨가는 상대적으로 인장 및 압축강도의 증가에 미치는 영향이 미미한 것으로 파악되었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2000

This paper discusses the validity of models predicting the compressive strength of concrete subjected to various temperature histories and the shortcomings of existing rate constant model and apparent activation energy concept. Based on the discussion, a modified rate constant model is proposed. The modified rate constant model, in which apparent activation energy is a nonlinear function of curing temperature and age, accurately estimates the development of the experimental compressive strengths by a few researchers. Also, the apparent activation energy of concrete cured with high temperature decreases rapidly with age, but that of concrete cured with low temperature decreases gradually with age. Finally generalized models to predict apparent activation energy and compressive strength are proposed, which are based on the regression results.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.251-264
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• 2009

Nonlinear mechanical behaviors of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates using cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs) dispersed epoxy are evaluated and compared with those of CFRP laminates without CSCNTs. Off-axis compression tests are performed to obtain the stress-strain relations. One-parameter plasticity model is applied to characterize the nonlinear response of unidirectional laminates, and nonlinear behaviors of laminates with and without CSCNTs are compared. Clear improvement in stiffness of off-axis specimens by using CSCNTs is demonstrated, which is considered to contribute the enhancement of the longitudinal compressive strength of unidirectional laminates and compressive strength of multidirectional laminates. Finally, longitudinal compressive strengths are predicted based on a kink band model including the nonlinear responses in order to demonstrate the improvement in longitudinal strength of CFRP by dispersing CSCNTs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.415-425
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• 2019

This study was carried out to evaluate the natural zeolite in producing green concrete as an effort to prevent global warming and environmental impact problems of cement industries. To achieve this target, two types of natural zeolites applied to study physical, chemical and compressive strength of concrete containing different percentages of zeolites. The results in comparison with control samples indicate that compressive strength of zeolites mixes increases with the 15% replacement of zeolite instead of cement in all types of samples. In the water-cement ratio of 0.6, results showed an increase in the compressive strength of all percentages of replacement. This results indicate that using natural zeolites could be produced a green concrete by a huge reduction and saving in the consumption of cement.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2019

The formulation of self-compacting concretes (SCC) and the study of their properties at the laboratory level were currently well mastered. The aim of this work is to characterize SCC under hot climatic conditions and their effects on the properties of fresh and hardened SCC. Particularly, the effect of the initial wet curing time on the mechanical behavior such as the compressive strength and the durability of the SCCs (acid and sulfate attack) as well as the microstructure of SCCs mixtures. In this study, we used two types of cement, Portland cement and slag cement, three water/binder (W/B) ratio (0.32, 0.38 and 0.44) and five curing modes. The obtained results shows that the compressive strength is strongly influenced by the curing methods, 7-days of curing in the water and then followed by a maturing in a hot climate was the optimal duration for the development of a better compressive strength, regardless of the type of binder and the W/B ratio.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

다짐이 어려운 지중매설물의 밀실한 충전을 위해 저강도 및 고유동성의 특성을 갖는 유동성 채움재(Controlled Low Strength Materials, CLSM)의 개발 및 현장적용에 대한 연구가 있어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 압축파 속도 및 일축압축강도를 측정하여 양생시간에 따른 CLSM의 강성 및 강도 특성을 비교하고자 하였다. CLSM의 재료는 모래와 실트, 플라이애쉬, CSA계 시멘트, 및 물을 혼합하여 충분한 유동성 및 낮은 강도를 나타내도록 구성하였으며, 플로우, 단위중량, 일축압축강도와 같은 CLSM의 물리적 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 경화되기 전부터 CLSM의 강성특성을 모니터링하기 위하여 압축파 측정용 셀을 제작한 후, 셀에 트랜스듀서를 접하여 압축파를 측정하였다. 실험결과, 일축압축강도는 양생초기에 크게 증가하였고, 기간이 길어질수록 증가량이 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 압축파 속도는 양생기간이 길어짐에 따라 증가하였으며, 일축압축강도와 압축파 속도 사이에는 지수함수 관계를 보여주었다. 본 논문에서 제안된 압축파 측정을 통하여 CLSM의 강성변화를 파악할 수 있으며, 경화가 미완료된 양생초기의 일축압축강도 평가에도 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.122-130
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• 1997

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the bond performance of reinforcing bars embedded in high-strength concrete. Four bond specimens and ten beam splice specimens using concrete with compressive strength of 246kgf/$cm^2$ and 64lkgf/$cm^2$ were tested. The effect of several variables on basic development length and compressive strength of concrete is discussed in splice specimens. The test results showed that the current trend in concrete specification of making the splice length longer to compensate for having smaller cover and spacing may not be an effective approach.