• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 11th (KACC); Pohang, Korea; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.28-31
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• 1996

A bag is a set-like entity which can contain repeated elements. Fuzzy bags have been studied by Yager, who defined their basic relations and operations. However, his definitions of the basic relations and operations are inconsistent with the corresponding relations and operations for ordinary fuzzy sets. The present paper presents new basic relations and operations of fuzzy bags using a grade sequence for each element of the universal set. Moreover the .alpha.-cut, t-norms, the extension principle, and the composition of fuzzy bag relations are described.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1.1-4
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• 1999

The toughening mechanism and fracture behavior of rubber/polymer composites were investigated with respect to two factors; (1) the composition ratio of polymers(PPO and PS which have a different chain flexibility) and (ii) the rubber particle size in PPO/PS blend system Izod impact test and fractographic observation of the fracture surface using scanning electron microscope were conducted, Finite element analysis were carried out to gain understanding of plastic deformation(shear yielding and crazing) of these materials.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1996년도 The Korean Institute of Navigation 1996년도 한·중 국제학술 심포지움 및 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.111-116
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• 1996

To realize the RF layer of Rubber Ferrite-Air-Solid Ferrite(RF-A-F) that proposed by Y.Naito it is tried to grasp the formulation of composition by varying the ratio of mole and element of Complex Isotropic Ferrite Nix-A0.1-Zn(1-x-0.1)*Fe2O4 As a result it was found that the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave absorber constructed by the selected formulation of compositionin in RF-A-F type were improved.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.656-663
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the nutritional content of the life stages of Tenebrio molitor. Methods: Nutritional element analysis comprised 12 minerals, 18 amino acids, 4 vitamins, and 12 fatty acids in larval, pupal, and adult stages. Nutritional element content was expressed as a percentage of 100 g of sample and determined in raw and freeze-dried samples to assess the food value of the insect. Results: Moisture, crude protein, and crude fat contents in raw samples were 63.5%, 23.19%, and 3.96%, respectively. Moisture content was significantly higher in the adult stage than in larval and pupal stages, whereas crude fat and crude ash contents were lower. Mineral composition of the mealworm showed K, P, and Mg in decreasing order of content, with no differences among life stages. Total amino acid content increased from adult, pupal to larval stages, in order with each stage's growth, without difference in amino acid composition. Seventy-six to 78% of total fatty acid corresponded to unsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid as the most abundant. In addition, fatty acid content was high in the adult stage, and clear differences were observed between life stages. Finally, vitamins B1 and B3 showed similar content between life stages, whereas vitamin B2 showed a higher content the adult than larval and pupal stages. A higher folate content was observed in pupal and adult stages than in the larval stage. Although freeze-dried samples showed a higher nutritional content than raw samples, both samples were similar in composition and content between life stages, suggesting the suitability of freeze-dried samples for use as food materials. Conclusion: These results may provide a basis for more diversified industrial applications of the Tenebrio molitor.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1995

Nine species of edible seaweed [green laver (Monostroma nitidium) and sea staghorn ( Codium fragile) of green algae; sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida), seaweed fusiforme(Hizikia fusiforme), gulf weed (Sargassum fulvellium), and sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) of brown algae; seaweed dilatata (Halimeniopsis dilatata), seaweed furcata (Gloiopeltis furcata), and laver (Porphyra tenera) of red algae] collected from Kijang, Chungmu, and Yosu in Korea, were examined and compared on their chemical and mineral composition depending on their harvesting season. Crude protein $(N\pm6.25)$ showed about $45\%$ on moisture free basis (the contents of every components described below are shown as moisture free basis) for laver and $30\%$ for green laver collected from ever seasons and sites. Sea tangle showed the highest content in crude lipid $(10\%)$ among brown seaweeds and green laver had $6\%$ of crude lipid regardless their habitats. Ash and carbohydrate in sea staghorn hold about $90\%$ of total solids but those levels were only $50\%$ in laver. The relationship between ash and carbohydrate content showed a tendency with reverse correlation. Mineral compositions were examined on green laver, sea mustard, and seaweed furcata collected from Kijang. Sodium was eminent element (1,798-7,334mg/l00g) followed by potassium. Magnesium and calcium content were low level compared with sodium and potassium. As a micro-element iron was appraised the highest status (165-330mg/100g) in green laver, however, iron in sea mustard and seaweed furcata was comparatively low amount (2.7-47.4mg/100g). The level of zinc was also comparatively high and that was varied on habitats. In conclusion, chemical compositions of these algae were distinctively varied on species and habitats, and mineral compositions were notably changed by the harvesting season.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

폐기물을 적절히 관리하고 처리하기 위해 기본 자료가 되는 폐기물의 물리적 특성과 화학적 특성 분석을 위해 충주시에서 발생된 생활폐기물을 대상으로 발생원과 매립장에서 시료채취를 채취하여 겉보기밀도, 폐기물의 물리적 조성, 삼성분, 화학적 조성 및 발열량을 조사 분석하였다. 발생원별조사결과와 매립장 반입폐기물의 물리적 특성 값들은 차이가 있으나, 화학적 조성 값은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 환경부에서 도입예정인 생활폐기물전처리시설(MBT(mechanical biological treatment))과 같은 폐기물중간처리 장치를 도입할 경우 물리적 조성 값을 알기위해서는 발생원별 조사가 필수적이지만, 소각로 설계를 위한 폐기물조사에서는 주로 화학적 특성 값을 이용하기 때문에 간단히 매립장에 반입되는 폐기물의 분석치만 조사하여도 큰 문제가 없는 것으로 판단된다. 폐기물의 중간처리에 중요한 생활폐기물의 물리적 성상은 가연성과 비가연성 성분으로 분석할 경우 가연성은 연평균 87.4%로 나타났고, 비가연성의 경우 연평균 12.6%이며, 생활폐기물의 발생원별 겉보기 밀도 평균은 $0.150ton/m^3$이다. 생활폐기물의 삼성분 분석결과 평균은 수분 27.6%, 가연분 60.5%, 회분 11.9%이고, 원소분석 결과 평균 원소성분에 대한 값은 C: 50.1%, H: 6.%, O: 39.5%, N: 1.9%, S: 0.5%, Cl: 1.3%이며, 저위발열량은 2,441kcal/kg이다.

• 청정기술
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2011

바이오에너지 생산을 위해 해조류 바이오매스의 대량생산 기술을 개발하기 위한 일환으로 다시마에 대한 고밀도 양식의 가능성을 시험하였다. 기장과 완도 해역양식장에서 수심을 달리하여(0.5 m, 3 m) 다시마를 양식하고 다시마의 주요 부위별 화학적 성분을 분석하여 비교하였다. 다시마의 상측 부위가 하측 부위보다 많은 조단백질 함량을 나타냈으며, 조지방은 중간부위에 많이 함유하고 있었다(p<0.05). 조회분은 하측부위에 많은 함량을 나타내었지만 지역 간, 계절 간의 함량 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 또한 대조구(0.5 m)와 수심 3 m의 다시마 간에 일반성분 조성의 차가 없었다. 구성당의 함량은 실험군에서 부위별 함량 차이는 있었으나, 부위에 따른 증감의 경향은 나타나지 않았으며 지역, 계절, 수심에 의한 뚜렷한 변화가 보이지 않았다. 모든 실험군에서 대부분의 아미노산이 다시마의 상측부위에 많이 함유하고 있었으며, 지역과 계절에 따라 일부 실험군 간에 아미노산 함량이 차이를 보였지만 수심에 따른 아미노산의 함량은 관찰되지 않았다. 지방산 함량은 부위에 따라 많고 적은 지방산들이 있었고 불포화지방산들이 하측부위보다 상측부위에 많이 함유하고 있었다. 반면 포화지방산은 하측부위에 많이 함유하고 있었다. 그러나 다시마의 양식 수심에 따라 이러한 조성들이 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 원소 N는 상측부위가 많이 함유하고 있었으며 원소 C는 실험군에 따라 원소 N과 비교하여 경향을 띠었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.347-364
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• 2010

Since its invention in the $19^{th}$ century, Reinforced Concrete (RC) has been widely used in the construction of a lot of different structures, as buildings, bridges, nuclear central plants, or even ships. The details of the mechanical response for this kind of structures depends directly upon the material behavior of each component: concrete and steel, as well as their interaction through the bond-slip, which makes a rigorous engineering analysis of RC structures quite complicated. Consequently, the practical calculation of RC structures is done by adopting a lot of simplifications and hypotheses validated in the elastic range. Nevertheless, as soon as any RC structural element is working in the inelastic range, it is possible to obtain the numerical prediction of its realistic behavior only through the use of non linear analysis. The aim of this work is to develop a new kind of Finite Element: the "Enhanced Solid Element (ESE)" which takes into account the complex composition of reinforced concrete, being able to handle each dissipative material behavior and their different deformations, and on the other hand, conserving a simplified shape for engineering applications. Based on the recent XFEM developments, we introduce the concept of nodal enrichment to represent kinematics of steel rebars as well as bonding. This enrichment allows to reproduce the strain incompatibility between concrete and steel that occurs because of the bond degradation and slip. This formulation was tested with a couple of simple examples and compared to the results obtained from other standard formulations.

• 암석학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.181-197
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• 2010

고대 도 토기와 같은 고고학 유물을 만든 원료(태토)의 기원지 규명에 적합한 지구과학적 인자를 도출하기위한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구방법은 경북 경주, 경산 및 경남 함안지역에서 생산되었거나 출토된 토기와 토기채취지역 주변에 분포하는 암석과 토양을 채취하여 이들의 광물조성 및 화학조성을 비교하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 토기는 구워지면서 광물조성이 바뀌기 때문에 광물조성의 비교에 의한 태토 및 원암의 유추는 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 주성분조성을 이용한 일반적인 화학조성간의 상대적인 비교 또한 원암-태토(토양)-토기로 가면서 대부분의 화학조성비가 변하기 때문에 상호간의 상관성이 거의 없음을 확인하였다. 반면에 희토류원소 분포도는 암석-토양-토기로 진행되면서 상대적인 분포도가 주성분조성변화에 비해 거의 없고, 희토류원소의 하나인 Nd의 동위원소비에 의한 모델연대에서도 유사성을 보여주었다. 그리고 Nd 동위원소와 Sr 동위원소 또한 태토와 토기간에 연관성이 있음을 보여주었다. 이 연구결과 고고학적 유물의 재료를 밝혀내는데 있어서 희토류원소의 분포도와 Nd, Sr 동위원소의 지구화학적 특성이 다른 지구화학적 연구기법에 기법에 비해 더 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 확인할 수가 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.918-922
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• 2006

Chalcogenide Phase change memory has the high performance necessary for next-generation memory, because it is a nonvolatile memory with high programming speed, low programming voltage, high sensing margin, low power consumption and long cycle duration. To minimize the power consumption and the program voltage, the new composition material which shows the better phase-change properties than conventional $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ device has to be needed by accurate material engineering. In the present work, we investigate the basic thermal and the electrical properties due to phase-change compared with chalcogenide-based new composition $Ge_1Se_1Te_2$ material thin film and convetional $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ PRAM thin film. The fabricated new composition $Ge_1Se_1Te_2$ thin film exhibited a successful switching between an amorphous and a crystalline phase by applying a 950 ns -6.2 V set pulse and a 90 ns -8.2 V reset pulse. It is expected that the new composition $Ge_1Se_1Te_2$ material thin film device will be possible to applicable to overcome the Set/Reset problem for the nonvolatile memory device element of PRAM instead of conventional $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ device.