• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.242-249
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop an SNP set that can be useful for marker-assisted breeding (MAB) in watermelon (Citrullus. lanatus L) using Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of 20 commercial elite watermelon inbreds. The result of GBS showed that 77% of approximately 1.1 billion raw reads were mapped on the watermelon genome with an average mapping region of about 4,000 Kb, which indicated genome coverage of 2.3%. After the filtering process, a total of 2,670 SNPs with an average depth of 31.57 and the PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) value of 0.1~0.38 for 20 elite inbreds were obtained. Among those SNPs, 55 SNPs (5 SNPs per chromosome that are equally distributed on each chromosome) were selected. For the understanding genetic relationship of 20 elite inbreds, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) was carried out with 55 SNPs, which resulted in the classification of inbreds into 4 groups based on PC1 (52%) and PC2 (11%), thus causing differentiation between the inbreds. A similar classification pattern for PCA was observed from hierarchical clustering analysis. The SNP set developed in this study has the potential for application to cultivar identification, F1 seed purity test, and marker-assisted backcross (MABC) not only for 20 elite inbreds but also for diverse resources for watermelon breeding.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

Progesterone(P4) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of androgens and estrogens. Furthermore, P4 itself plays a crucial role in ovulation, atresia and luteinization, and is essential for the continuation of early pregnancy in all mammalian species. In spite of the hormone's physiological importance, the exact action mechanism(s) of P4 in mammalian ovary has not been fully understood yet. In this context, a decades-long controversy regarding the identity of receptors that mediate non-genomic, transcription-independent cellular responses to P4 is presently attracting huge scientific interests. P4 may exert its action in mammalian ovary by several ways: 1) the well-documented genomic pathway, involving hormone binding to so-called classic cytosolic receptor(PGR) and subsequent modulation of gene expression by the ligand-receptor complex as transcription factor. 2) pathways are operating that do not act on the genome, therefore refered to as non-genomic actions. The prominent characteristics of the non-genomic P4 actions are: (i) rapid, (ii) insensitive to transcription inhibitors, (iii) transduced by membrane associated molecules. In particular, the non-genomic P4 actions could be mediated by: (a) classic genomic P4 receptor(PGR) that localizes at or near the plasma membrane, (b) a family of membrane progestin receptors(MPR $\alpha$, MPR $\beta$ and MPR $\gamma$), (c) progesterone receptor membrane component I(PGRMC1), and (d) a membrane complex composed of serpine I mRNA binding protein(SERBP1). The present review summarized these rapid signaling pathways of P4 in the mammalian ovary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2004

The Electronic compass made as a pilot model in this research is comprised of a three axis magnetic sensor, an accustar clinometer, and a fiber optic gyro sensor. The results confirming the output character, performance, and the accuracy of the deviation corrects of each sensor are as follows: 1) As for the output character of the three axis magnetic sensor, the magnetic field showed a cosine curve on the X axis, a - sine curve on the Y axis, and constant figures on the Z sensor. The horizontal component H and the vertical component V of the terrestrial magnetism calculated from the output voltage were 33.2${\mu}$T and 23.95${\mu}$T respectively. 2) When the fiber optic gyro sensor is fixed on the electromotive rotation transformation and has made a clockwise rotation with the speed of 10/sec, 20/sec, and 30/sec, the relationship between the output and the rotation angle of the fiber optic gyro sensor showed proportionally constant values. 3) When the magnetic field was induced with a magnet, the deviation before the correction was significant at a high of 25. However, the deviation after the correction using Poisson correction was in the 2 range, significantly lower than before the correction. It was confirmed that automatic deviation corrects are possible with the electronic compass made as a pilot model in this research.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

Purpose - A variety of indicators are used for the diagnosis of economic situation. However, most indicators explain the past economic situation because of the time difference between the measurement and announcement. This study aims to argue for the resurrection of an idea: electricity demand can be used as an indicator of economic activity. In addition, this study made an endeavor to develop a new Real Business Index(RBI) which could quickly represent the real economic condition based on the sales statistics of industrial and public electricity. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study monthly sales of industrial and public electricity from 2000 to 2015 was investigated to analyze the relationship between the economic condition and the amount of electricity consumption and to develop a new Real Business Index. To formulate the Index, this study followed next three steps. First, we decided the explanatory variables, period, and collected data. Second, after calculating the monthly changes for each variable, standardization and estimating the weighted value were conducted. Third, the computation of RBI finalized the development of empirical model. The principal component analysis was used to evaluate the weighted contribution ratio among 3 sectors and 17 data. Hodrick-Prescott filter analysis was used to verify the robustness of out model. Results - The empirical results are as follows. First, compatibility of the predictability between the new RBI and the existing monthly cycle of coincident composite index was extremely high. Second, two indexes had a high correlation of 0.7156. In addition, Hodrick-Prescott filter analysis demonstrated that two indexed also had accompany relationship. Third, when the changes of two indexes were compared, they were found that the times when the highest and the lowest point happened were similar, which suggested that it is possible to use the new RBI index as a complementing indicator in a sense that the RBI can explain the economic condition almost in real time. Conclusion - A new economic index which can explain the economic condition needs to be developed well and rapidly in a sense that it is useful to determine accurately the current economic condition to establish economic policy and corporate strategy. The salse of electricity has a close relationship with economic conditions because electricity is utilized as a main resource of industrial production. Furthermore, the result of the sales of electricity can be gathered almost in real time. This study applied the econometrics model to the statistics of the sales of industrial and public electricity. In conclusion, the new RBI index was highly related with the existing monthly economic indexes. In addition, the comparison between the RBI index and other indexes demonstrated that the direction of the economic change and the times when the highest and lowest points had happened were almost the same. Therefore, this RBI index can become the supplementary indicator of the official indicators published by Korean Bank or the statistics Korea.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop EMG triggered FES system for restoration of upper extremity function in chronic hemiplegic patients and to identify the optimal location of electrode application for the EMG triggered FES system which produces effective muscle contraction and detects EMG activity for extension in the wrist and finger joints. The stimulus system was composed of EMG measuring component, constant current component and the program for muscle contraction by EMG triggered FES and passive FES. Parameter of electrical stimulation was 35 ㎐ in frequency, 150 ${\mu}\textrm{s}$ in pulse width and symmetric bi-phasic wave. In 15 hemiplegic patients, EMG triggered FES was applied to the proximal half of forearm which was divided into 12 areas. The most sensitive area for measuring EMG activities during extension of the wrist and fingers was area 4, 5 and the optimal location of electrical stimulation for producing extension of the wrist and fingers was area 4, 5, 7, 8. These results suggest that the area 4 and 5 was considered as the most optimal location of electrode application for measuring EMG activities as well as producing extension of the wrist and fingers by EMG triggered FES system.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2016

To determine whether FT-IR spectral analysis based on multivariate analysis could be used to discriminate Chinese cabbage breeding line at metabolic level, whole cell extracts of nine different breeding lines (three paternal, three maternal and three $F_1$ lines) were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). FT-IR spectral data of Chinese cabbage plants were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The hierarchical dendrograms based on PLS-DA from two of three cross combinations showed that paternal, maternal, and their progeny $F_1$ lines samples were perfectly separated into three branches in breeding line dependent manner. However, a cross combination failed to fully discriminate them into three branches. Thus, hierarchical dendrograms based on PLS-DA of FT-IR spectral data of Chinese cabbage breeding lines could be used to represent the most probable chemotaxonomical relationship among maternal, paternal, and $F_1$ plants. Furthermore, these metabolic discrimination systems could be applied for rapid selection and classification of useful Chinese cabbage cultivars.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.38-59
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• 2017

Objectives: Few attempts have been made to develop a generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument and to examine its validity and reliability in Korea. We aimed to do this in our present study. Methods: After a literature review of existing generic HRQoL instruments, a focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, and expert consultations, we selected 30 tentative items for a new HRQoL measure. These items were evaluated by assessing their ceiling effects, difficulty, and redundancy in the first survey. To validate the HRQoL instrument that was developed, known-groups validity and convergent/discriminant validity were evaluated and its test-retest reliability was examined in the second survey. Results: Of the 30 items originally assessed for the HRQoL instrument, four were excluded due to high ceiling effects and six were removed due to redundancy. We ultimately developed a HRQoL instrument with a reduced number of 20 items, known as the Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 20 items (HINT-20), incorporating physical, mental, social, and positive health dimensions. The results of the HINT-20 for known-groups validity were poorer in women, the elderly, and those with a low income. For convergent/discriminant validity, the correlation coefficients of items (except vitality) in the physical health dimension with the physical component summary of the Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2) were generally higher than the correlations of those items with the mental component summary of the SF-36v2, and vice versa. Regarding test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient of the total HINT-20 score was 0.813 (p<0.001). Conclusions: A novel generic HRQoL instrument, the HINT-20, was developed for the Korean general population and showed acceptable validity and reliability.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

To determine whether FT-IR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis for whole cell extracts can be used to discriminate major leguminous plant at metabolic level, seed extracts of six leguminous plants were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). FT-IR spectral data from seed extracts were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The PCA could not fully discriminate six leguminous plants, however PLS-DA could successfully discriminate six leguminous plants. The hierarchical dendrogram based on PLS-DA separated the six leguminous plants into four branches. The first branch was consisted of all three Vigna species including Vigna radiata var. radiate, Vigna angularis var. angularis and Vigna unguiculata subsp. Unguiculata. Whereas Pisum sativum var. sativum, Glycine max L and Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris were clustered into a separate branch respectively. The overall results showed that metabolic discrimination system were in accordance with known phylogenic taxonomy. Thus we suggested that the hierarchical dendrogram based on PLS-DA of FT-IR spectral data from seed extracts represented the most probable chemotaxonomical relationship between six leguminous plants.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2001

The leaves of Duchung(Eucommia ulmoides), an oriental medicinal plant, have a peculiar aroma of Chinese medicine and astringent taste, which make the consumer be reluctant to Duchung leaf tea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a mild flavored Duchung leaf tea by mixing with other plants. The flavor patterns of developed tea were analyzed using an electronic nose. Polygonatum odoratum and Elsholtzia splendens were used for improving the flavor of Duchung leaf tea. The addition of 20, 30 and 40% of Polygonatum odoratum improved the overall acceptance in hedonic sensory evaluation. The flavor pattern of the tea was described by principal component analysis(PCA) and the resistance ratio(R/cub gas/R$\_$air/) of sensors. The PCA plot was also used to explain the mild flavor of the tea, which was extended from the right side(positive value of the first principal component) to the left side(negative value). Analysis by using an electronic nose with metal oxide sensors could be applied to detect whether mixed Duchung leaf tea was acceptable or not.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.501-505
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• 2017

Due to the rapid urbanization and increased population, there is an increase in airtight nature of buildings which causes serious indoor air pollution. Among several indoor air pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from paint are of major concern. Therefore, there is an urge for the development of environmental friendly paint products. In this wok, a natural wall paint (NWP) was prepared by utilizing a natural clay material "sericite" as a main component. A small chamber test was carried out to identify the toxic substances release from NWP and the results were compared with two eco-friendly commercial paints. The total VOCs were detected in trace level inside the test chamber and their concentrations were below the recommended indoor air quality standards. Toluene was not detected for NWP, whereas formaldehyde was observed in trace level. The toxicity index results were compared with two commercial paints and found that NWP exhibited less harmful gas emission. Based on certification rating of building materials, NWP can be classified as the first grade of building materials. Due to the above advantages, the use of sericite as a major component in NWP will be a useful technique to maintain the indoor air quality.