• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1993

In this paper, a two-stage block matching algorithm (BMA), which can reduce greatly the computational complexity of the conventional BMAs, is proposed, in which the onedimensional distortion measure based on the integral projection is introduced to determine the candidate motion vectors and then among them a final motion vector is detected based on the conventional two-dimensional distortion measure. Due to the one-dimensional calculation of a distortion measure, the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity of the conventional BMA (full search method with a 16$\times$16 block) by a factor of 4, with its performance comparable to those of the conventional ones. Simulation results based on the original and noisy image sequences are shown. Also the simulation of the proposed method combined with the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) SM3 (Simulation Model Three) is presented. Computer simulation shows that the proposed algorithm is fast with its performance comparable to those of the conventional ones.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2024

Software applications have a huge and inseparable impact on our lives. The complexity of the applications increases rapidly to support high performance and multifunction. Accordingly, the cost model for applications is increasingly important. Line of Code (LOC) and Man-Month (M/M) as the cost model measure the quantitative sides of the applications. Unlike them, Function Point (FP) measures the functionalities of the application. FP is efficient for estimating qualitative characteristics, but it is restricted to measuring the cost of an application using the wireless data broadcast which can support any number of clients. In this paper, we propose, a Function Point model for Information services using wireles data Broadcast (FPIB) to measure the development cost of an application that serves using the wireless data broadcast environment. FPIB adopts critical parameters of the wireless broadcast environment and the complexity of them to measure effectively the cost developing the application. Through the evaluation comparing the proposed FPIB with FP, we reveal the effectiveness of the proposed FPIB.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.90-95
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• 1999

A software growth model, a mathematical model describing the growth behavior of a software system during the evolution process, enables us to predict the future system size and incremental erfort required to meet the planned system size. This paper first introduces a software growth model defined with respect to the cumulative incremental effort. It was assumed that the incremental growth of a software system is proportional to the incremental effort and function of the system size is suggested as a system complexity and then applied to real data for its validation. such a system complexity additionally provides us with a measure for complexity comparison. since the measure is independent of the system size, it is useful for comparing complexities of software systems of different size.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.101-106
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• 2018

Software are being studied to register and manage assets. And Methods for evaluating software systems have been based on subjective evaluation criteria. We propose an evaluation model for evaluating complex assets obtained from the complexity measurement of the preceding asset management system. We used scales to measure and provide logical complexity to measure the complexity of our architectural assets. And we used a method to evaluate whether it expresses attribute value of architecture asset. We have also built an evaluation model criterion for evaluating the usability of the asset data based on the ISO/IEC 25010 quality model characteristics of the SQuaRE Series. When the designers design the asset as a composite asset, the optional evaluation of the negative property that weights are assigned according to the characteristics of each asset is applied to secure the flexibility of the evaluation model.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop visual complexity metrics based on theoretical bases. Background: With the development of IT technologies, drivers process a large amount of information caused by automotive human-machine interface (HMI), such as a cluster, a head-up display, and a center-fascia. In other words, these systems are becoming more complex and dynamic than traditional driving systems. Especially, these changes can lead to the increase of visual demands. Thus, a concept and tool is required to evaluate the complicated systems. Method: We reviewed prior studies in order to analyze the visual complexity. Based on complexity studies and human perceptual characteristics, the dimensions characterizing the visual complexity were determined and defined. Results: Based on a framework and complexity dimensions, a set of metrics for quantifying the visual complexity was developed. Conclusion: We suggest metrics in terms of perceived visual complexity that can evaluate the in-vehicle displays. Application: This study can provide the theoretical bases in order to evaluate complicated systems. In addition, it can quantitatively measure the visual complexity of In-vehicle information system and be helpful to design in terms of preventing risks, such as human error and distraction.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

As software developing paradigm has been changing to complicate Web environment, study of complexity becomes vigorous. Yet still it seems that general agreement has not to be reached to architecture or complexity measure of Web application. And so traditional complexity metrics - program size(LOC) and Cyclomatic Complexity can be derived from the source code after implementation. it is not helpful to the early phase of software development life cycle - analysis and design phase. In this study 6 Web projects has been used for deriving applications with possible errors suited by Complexity Indicator. Using 61 programs derived, linear correlation between complexity, number of classes and number of methods has been proposed. As Web application complexity could be estimated before implementation, effort and cost management will be processed more effectively.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.566-570
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• 2010

Use Case Point(UCP) is a measure of a software project size for software effort estimation based on use case. UCP measures the size of the software project based on the use case model. Because UCP is based on the use case model, it is intuitive and easy to obtain. Also, it does not require extra artifacts. On the other hand, UCP has some problems. UCP assumes every transaction has the same complexity. But, the number of operations and complexity of operations may affect complexity of transaction. In addition, UCP uses simple rating scale of complexity, but it may be inadequate for detailed estimates. To solve these problems, we suggest "Transaction Point(TP)", a size measure based on use case transaction. TP considers actors and operations in transaction. Complexity of transaction is based on the number of operations and complexity of operation, so it can support detailed estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 1992

It become increasingly important to design user interface to carry low complexity. The cognitive limitations of users severely restrict utility of highly intelligent but complex modern systems. Since humans are known to use schemas to reduce cognitive complexity, imposing good consistency to an interface design that may help that user form useful schemas will provide powerful control over the complexity. This present a research effort to develop a quantitative method for evaluating interface complexity that the user would experience planning his or her course of action. Taking into account the user's potential schemas, a quantitative measure based on information theory was develped to assess the navigational complexity. This approach does not rely on the subjective judgment of the researcher as most schemes dealing with user schemas do. The proposed method may benefit the rapid prototyping approach to design a better user interface by allowing handy assessment of the design.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-95
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the predictive powers of the five technostress creators - techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, and techno-uncertainty - in job satisfaction and teacher efficacy of primary school teachers in Korea when they incorporated mobile technology into teaching. A questionnaire was designed to measure the level of teacher's stress from technology, job satisfaction and teacher efficacy. Data were collected from 164 teachers. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to explain which area of technostress led to varying degrees of job satisfaction and teacher efficacy. The results showed that techno-complexity alone predicted both job satisfaction and teacher efficacy. The reason why techno-complexity was the only predictor is that teachers would have first needed to understand how to incorporate mobile technology into teaching, before feeling overloaded, invaded, insecure, or uncertain about it, meaning techno-complexity precedes other constructs. Therefore, the only stress factor that affected them was how to understand the complexity of mobile technology. This calls for adequate training and support from schools and governments in order for the teachers to fully incorporate technology into teaching.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.260-268
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• 1998

In this paper, I propose a metric model for measuring complexity of Web documentations which are wrote by HTML and XML. The complexity of Web documentation has effect on documentation understandability which is an important metric in maintenance and reusing of Web documentation. The understandable documents have more effect on WEI. The proposed metric uses the entropy to represent the degree of information flows between Web documentations. The proposed documentation complexity measures the information flows in a Web document based on the information passing relationship between Web document files. I evaluate the proposed metric by using the complexity properties proposed by Weyuker, and measure the document complexity. I show effectiveness of analyzing the correlation between the number of document file and document complexity.